Professional Documents
Culture Documents
– an
Overview
EE Political
STRUCTURE MANAGERS
Govt. Roles & Managerial JOBS
Position Processes Tasks
Hierarchy Activities
Techno- TECHNOLOGY
logical Machines & other Social
Mechanisms
Internal Environment
External Environment
Types of Groups
Formal- hierarchical
Informal-interest groups or cliques-horizontal, vertical or random
Virtual Groups- facilitated through I. T.
(a) Information Sharing
(b) Decision Making
(c ) Solving Complex Problems
Psychological Group-’we’ feeling, sensitivity, affinity, understanding of
individual strengths and personalities, sense of belonging and loyalty
Other types of Groups
1. (a)Interacting- assembly-line
(b) Co-acting- work independently
(c ) Counter-acting- union/ management
2. (a)Open-Matrix
(b) Closed- Fixed Roles
3. (a)Membership- belongs
Referent-Would like to belong
4. (a)In and Out groups- Gang Wars, rivalry, competition,politics
Virtual Organization
Brazil USA
Raw Materials Marketing
Singapore
Core Group
5exes.& 5 staff
India
Japan I.T.
Manufacturing Support
Rs.100 Cr. Turnover
Possible through I.T.
Linkages
Organizational Behaviour- GROUP
System- an orderly group of logically related facts,
principles, beliefs etc
an orderly method, plan or procedure
A group or arrangement of parts, facts, phenomena that relate
to or interact with each other in such a way as to form a
whole
Definition of Organizational Behaviour
‘ O. B is an interdisciplinary behavioural science studying
phenomena and dynamics( processes) of organizations and
their various human units.
Knowledge Knowledge
Is Hidden Creation
Collaborat
Distrust Norming
Storming
Knowledge Knowledge
Hoarding Sharing
DIFFERENT ROLES PLAYED BY GROUP MEMBERS
As per BELBIN-1981 As per Margerison&McCann-
1990
1. Chairman/ Coordinator 1. Creator-initiates creative ideas
2. Shaper 2. Promoter-champions ideas
after they are initiated
3. Plant 3. Assessor- offers insightful
analysis of options
4. Monitor/ Evaluator 4. Organizer- provides structure
5. Company Worker 5. Producer-provides direction
and follow-through
6. Resource Investigator 6. Controller-examines details
and enforces rules
7. Team Worker 7. Maintainer-fights external
battles
8. Completor/Finisher 8. Advisor-encourages the search
Leadership Role & Functions
Task
Needs
techno
Composition Process
-Abilities of members -Common purpose
-Personality -Specific goals
-Allocating roles -Team efficacy
-Diversity -Conflict levels
-Size of teams -Social loafing
-Member flexibility
Basic Definitions connected with O.B.
Organization: An organization has four essential elements
(a) Group of people
(b) Interacting with each other
(c )In a structured manner
(d) Towards a common objective
Environment
Structure
•Government
•Jobs Organizational Behavior
•Competition
•Relationships
•Societal pressure
Technology
•Machinery
•Computer hardware&software
O. B. Definitions
1. O.B. is a field of study that investigates the impact that individuals ,
groups and structures have on behaviour within organizations for the
purpose of applying such knowledge towards improving an
organization’s effectiveness.
2. O.B. can be defined as the systematic study of the actions and
reactions of individuals, groups and sub-systems.
3. O.B. is the study and understanding of individual and group
behaviour, patterns of structure in order to to help improve
organizational performance and effectiveness.
4. O.B. is one of the most complex and perhaps least understood
academic elements of modern general management, but since it
concerns the behaviour of people within organizations it is also one
of the most central- its concern with individual and group patterns of
behaviour makes it an essential element in dealing with the complex
behavioural issues thrown up in the modern business world.
5. O.B. is an inter-disciplinary behaviour science studying phenomena
and dynamics(processes) of organizations and their various units.
Bases of Organizational Behaviour
1. Type Theories
3. Psychoanalytic Theory
4. Socio-psychological Theory
5. Self Theory
PERSONALITY
Cattell is also credited with having developed the 16 PF test which is used to assess personality. At first
personality and behaviour were identified by 5000 words from the dictionary which was then reduced to
200 words and finally to 16 factors.
APPROACH
Confrontation Compromise
Arbitration Negotiation
AVOIDANCE
Resignation Appease-
ment
Withdrawal Diffusion
CONFLICT MANAGEMENT
AVOIDANCE APPROACH
Resignation Appeasement Confrontation- win-lose
(a) Fatalistic Concessions with trap
(b) Ignore hope of resolution e.g. Strike and Lockout
Arbitration- third party
Withdrawal Diffusion intervention
(a)No opportunity (a) Time e.g. award or formula
to fight (b) Good sense Compromise- give and tak
(b)Physical separation (c ) Buffer e.g. adjustment
(c )Define boundaries Negotiation- bargaining
(d) Actually withdraw e.g. demands and
Counter-demands and
reaching a settlement