The Study of Organizational

Behavior

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 Studying Organizational Behavior

• The behavior of people in organization (humanistic

orientation)
• At levels of individual, group, and organization
• To achieve goals of individuals, groups, and
organization
• Integration of multi-disciplines: psychology,
sociology, cultural anthropology to answer those
matters above
• To include external environment as an influential
factor

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 The study focus on:

People
and
How they work as an individual and a group in
an organization

The effectiveness of an organization is highly

influenced by the human behavior as all its
members people is perceived as critical
resources to achieve its goals
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 Organizations:

“ A coordinated unit consisting of at least two

people who function to achieve a common
goal or set of goals.”

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 A Model of Organization

Organizational
Individual Groups Process and
Structure

Environment

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 A Model of Organizations
• The Organizations’ Environment
– The relationships between the organization and its
environment – resources and adjustment to changes
• Behavior within Organizations
– The individual: characteristics, motivation, performance,
rewards and appraisal
– Groups and Interpersonal Influence: inter group behavior
and conflict, power and politics, leadership
• The structure and design of organizations: job design,
organizational design (structure)
• The Process of Organizations: communication, decision
making

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 Scope of studying Organizational Behavior

• Behavioral sciences – psychology, sociology, political science,

and cultural anthropology; OB is multidisciplinary
• Studying people within an organization at individual, group,
and organization levels
• Emphasizing on human orientation and performance oriented
• Accepting that external environment has significant effect on
organizational behavior – people
• Having a distinctive application orientations

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 Scope of studying Organizational Behavior

• Behavioral sciences – psychology, sociology, political science,

and cultural anthropology; OB is multidisciplinary
• Studying people within an organization at individual, group,
and organization levels
• Emphasizing on human orientation and performance oriented
• Accepting that external environment has significant effect on
organizational behavior – people
• Having a distinctive application orientations

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 Contribution to the Study of OB

Psychology Individual

Sociology

Field of Organizational
Social Psychology Group Behavior

Political Science
Organization

Anthropology

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Perspectives embedding on Studying of Organizational
Behavior
• To Follow Principles of Human Behavior
– Individuals are unique and different
• Organizations are social systems
– Social interactions among individuals within an organization follow
structure, power, formal and informal group, roles and function –
creating expectation and results
• Contingency approach
– No one best way to manage and understand OB, instead of finding
varied ways that fit different situations
• Structure and Processes affect OB and the Emergent Culture
• The Blending of the Art and Science of OB

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 A Model for Managing Organizations: Behavior, Structure, and
Processes

• The Organization’s Environment • The Structure and Design of

• Behavior within Organizations Organizations
– The Individual: – Job Design
• Individual Characteristics – Organizational Design
• Individual Motivation
• The Processes of Organizations
• Rewards and Appraisal
– Communication
– Groups and Interpersonal
– Decision Making
Behavior
• Group Behavior
• Intergroup Behavior and Conflict
• Power and Politics
• Leadership

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 Approaches of understanding Effectiveness in
Organization
• Goal approach to Effectiveness
– An organization exists to achieve goals (the
accomplishment of recognized objectives of cooperative
effort
– Rationality perspective: planned goals
• System Approach to Effectiveness
– A flow of input and output
– To obtain critical resources
– To satisfy the environment’s demands
– To adjust to the environmental demands
– To manage the behavior of organizational process

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 The Effectiveness of Organizations

• Stakeholder Approach to Effectiveness

– Organizations consist of varied stakeholders with
their different interests or goals
– Organizations have to satisfy and balance the
interests of its stakeholders

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 The Effectiveness of Organizations

Causes of Effectiveness

Individual Organizational
Group
Effectiveness Effectiveness
Effectiveness

Causes: Causes: Causes:

Ability Cohesiveness Environment
Skill Leadership Technology
Knowledge Structure Strategic Choices
Attitude Status Structures
Motivation Roles Processes
Stress Norms Culture

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 Relationships among the Management Functions and
Individual, Group, and Organizational Effectiveness

Managerial Source of Effectiveness

Functions Individuals Groups Organizations
Objective Goals Missions and
Planning Job Designs Department or vision
Organizing Delegated Unit Integrative
authority methods and
Group-centered
process
Person-centered influence
Leading influence Entity-centered
Group standards
Controlling influence
Individual of performance
standards of Organization
performance standards of
performance

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