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How to Calculate Pipe Stress

By RonaldK, eHow Contributor
updated: May 6, 2010
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Pipe stress is an important measurement in industry.

The pipe image by Sazon from Fotolia.com
To do their job, most pipes have to handle a certain amount of tangible stress, usually due to
pressure that builds up from the fluid within the pipe pushing outward. Three basic types of pipe
stress, defined by the direction in which the stress is starting to fracture the pipe, are: axial,
circumferential, and radial. Of these, axial stress is the only one calculated for the pipe as a whole;
circumferential and radial calculations are made in regards to specific points on the pipe.
Difficulty: Moderately Challenging

Instructions
Things You'll Need:
• Calipers, finely graduated
• Pressure sensor
Axial Stress
1. 1
Measure the exterior and interior diameters of the pipe with your calipers. Record
these measurements. Find the measurements for the internal and external
pressures that the pipe will experience with your pressure sensor. If the outside
pressure on the pipe is simply the outside air, the figure for average barometric
pressure is 14.696 psi. (For more exact calculations, see Resources.)
2. 2
Multiply the internal pressure of the pipe by the internal radius squared.
3. 3
Subtract the product of the external pressure that is exerted on the pipe and the
external radius squared from that product.
4. 4
Take the difference and divide it by the difference of the external radius squared and
the internal radius squared.
 Circumferential Stress
5. 1
Multiply the inner radius squared and the outer radius squared.
6. 2
Subtract the inner pressure from the outer pressure. Multiply this by the product of
Step 1.
7. 3
Square the radius of the specific point in the pipe wall that you are measuring.
Multiply this by the difference between the outer radius squared and the inner radius
squared.
8. 4
Divide the product of Step 2 by the product of Step 3.
9. 5
Subtract this quotient from the axial stress measurement.
Radial Stress
10. 1
Make the same calculations as you would make for axial stress.
11. 2
Make the same calculations as Steps 1 through 4 of calculating circumferential
stress.
12. 3
Add these two values together (instead of subtracting one from the other).
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