12 CRANIAL NERVES

Locations and Functions


. Olfactory:
I

 Sensory
nerves for smell
 II. Optic:
Sensory
nerve for vision.
II - Optic
Examine the Optic Fundi
 III. Oculomotor:
Somatic &
Parasympathetic:
 control of extrinsic eye
muscles and pupil
dilation.
 IV. TROCHLEAR:
SOMATIC
CONTROL OF MUSCLES THAT
SURROUND THE EYE.
 V. Trigeminal:
Sensory & Somatic
control of facial
nerves and muscles
for chewing.
 VI. ABDUCENS:
 SOMATIC
MUSCLE CONTROL OF LATERAL
MOVEMENT OF THE EYEBALL.
 VII. FACIAL:
SENSORY, SOMATIC &
PARASYMPATHETIC
CONTROL OVER FACIAL EXPRESSION
AND TASTE.
VIII. Vestibulocochlear or
Auditory Nerve:
Sensory
nerve for hearing.
 
Rinne Test:
 IX. Glossopharyngeal:
Sensory, Somatic &
Parasympathetic
control over taste, the tongue
and the pharynx.
 
 X. Vagus
Primary Parasympathetic
 nerve with some Somatic and
Sensory functions. Controls
visceral organs.
 XI. Accessory:
 Somatic
control over larynx,
pharynx and
sternocleidomastoid
muscles
XII. Hypoglossal:
Somatic
control over the
tongue.
Testing the hypoglossal nerve.
Patient is instructed to stick out the tongue and then move it laterally
against resistance.
SUMMARY
Cranial Nerve  Number Innervation(s) Primary Function(s)  Test(s)

Olfactory I Sensory Smell Identify odors

Visual acuity,
Optic II Sensory Vision fields, color,
nerve head

Upper lid elevation,

extraocular eye Physiologic "H"
Oculomotor III Motor movement, pupil and near point
constriction, response
accommodation

Trochlear IV Motor Superior oblique muscle Physiologic "H"

Trigeminal V Motor Muscles of mastication Corneal reflex

Clench
Trigeminal V Sensory Scalp, conjunctiva, teeth jaw/palpate, light
touch comparison

Abduction,
Abducens VI Motor Lateral rectus muscle
physiologic "H"
 Smile, puff
cheeks, wrinkle
Facial VII Motor Muscles of facial expression
forehead, pry open
closed lids

Facial VII Sensory Taste-anterior two thirds of tongue  

Rinne test for

Vestibulocochlear  VIII Sensory Hearing and balance hearing, Weber
test for balance
Glossopharyngeal  IX Motor Tongue and pharynx Gag reflex

Glossopharyngeal IX Sensory Taste-posterior one third of tongue  

Pharynx, tongue, larynx, thoracic

Vagus X Motor Gag reflex
and abdominal viscera

Vagus X Sensory Larynx, trachea, esophagus  

Sternomastoid and trapezius Shrug, head turn

Accessory XI  Motor
muscles against resistance

 Hypoglossal XII Motor Muscles of tongue Tongue deviation

THE END