Name: MARIFOSQUE, Ma. Glaiza A.

Course and Year:

CHIONG, Sean Lee BS PSYC 2
Section: BLOCK A (MW 7:30AM-10:30AM) Date: March 07, 2022

Exercise 5
The Nervous System

I. Identify the following parts.

A. Dorsal

A. Olfactory Bulb B. Praesylvian sulcus C. Sigmoid gyrus D. Coronal sulcus

E. Marginal gyrus F. Suprasylvian gyrus G. Posterior sylvian H. Temporal lobe

gyrus
I. Gyrus compositus J. Vermis of cerebellum K. First spinal nerve L. First cervical nerve
posterior (Spinal cord)
M. Fasciculus cuneatus N. Cerebellum, lateral O. Lateral sulcus P. Suprasylvian sulcus
lobe
Q. Sulcus ansatus R. Longitudinal fissure
B. Ventral

A. Olfactory bulb B. Cerebellum, frontal C. Cerebellum, temporal D. Pons

lobe lobe
E. Pyramid tract F. First cervical nerve G. Trapezius H. Cerebral peduncles

I. Mammillary bodies J. Optic chiasma K. Optic nerve (II)

C. Median Sagittal

A. Thalamus B. Inferior colliculus C. Cerebellum D. Fourth ventricle

E. Trapezius F. Third ventricle G. Septum pellucidum H. Corpus callosum

I. Pineal gland

II. Questions

A. Enumerate the 12 cranial nerves and give their function and location.
Answer:

Cranial Nerve Function Location

I. Olfactory Nerve Below the frontal lobe of the
Smell
brain
II. Optic nerve Vision Back part of the brain
Muscle function around the
III. Oculomotor nerve Front part of the midbrain
eyes; pupil response
Controls superior oblique
IV. Trochlear nerve Back part of the midbrain
muscle
Midbrain and medulla regions of
V. Trigeminal nerve Sensory and motor functions
the brainstem
In the pons region of the
VI. Abducens nerve Outward eye movement
brainstem
Motor function: facial
expression; sense of taste;
Originates in the pons area of
VII. Facial nerve supplying glands; sensory
the brainstem
communication in the outer
parts of the ear
VIII. Vestibulocochlear Inferior cerebellar peduncle;
Involves hearing and balance
nerve pons and medulla
Motor and sensory
function: sensory
information from
sinuses, back of the
throat, parts of inner
Part of the brainstem in medulla
IX. Glossopharyngeal ear, and sense of taste
oblongata; extends in neck and
nerve back part of the
throat region.
tongue; voluntary
movement of a
muscle in the back
throat called
stylopharyngeus
Sensory and motor
functions: sensory
information in; ear
canal, parts of the
X. Vagus nerve throat, organs in the Part of the brainstem: medulla
chest and trunk (heart,
intestine, &
peristalsis), controls the muscles
in the throat, and sense of taste
 XI. Accessory nerve Muscles in neck Spinal part
Starts in the medulla oblongata
XII. Hypoglossal nerve Muscle movements in tongue moves down into the jaw, where
it reaches the tongue

B. List down the five main regions of the brain and give their associated structures.
Answer:

 Cerebrum
- the biggest part of the brain; composed of right and left hemispheres
 Cerebellum
- the balancing act; smaller than the Cerebrum. Located under the cerebrum.
 Brain Stem
- sits beneath the Cerebrum and in front of the Cerebellum; Breathing & involuntary muscle
 Pituitary Gland
- growth hormone; it is small like a size of a pea. Lies in a small pocket of bone at the skull
base called the sella turcica. Connected to the Hypothalamus.
 Hypothalamus
- brain’s inner thermostat; knows the body’s temperature. Located in the floor of the third
ventricle and is the master control of the autonomic system.

C. What is the significance of a big neocortex?

Answer:

 The neocortex is the brain's higher seat of function, and having a large neocortex allows any
species to process everything, including perception, decision-making, language, cognition,
reasoning, and other forms of role. It may elicit superiority in another cognitive function, such as
reasoning.

D. What are the three membranes covering the brain?

Answer:

 Dura Mater
 Arachnoid
 Pia Mater

E. What is a blood brain barrier? what is its function?

Answer:

 The blood-brain barrier serves as a barrier between the circulating blood and the brain's
extracellular space. Its function is to protect the brain's bloodstream from toxins or pathogens that
could cause brain infections; it only allows specific substances in that are required and helpful in
brain functioning. It is endothelial cell specific.