Experiment No.

The Nervous System

2
Title of the Activity

Instructions:

1. Watch the video “The Nervous System” in our Human anatomy google classroom, then
answer the following questions.
2. All questions and answers should be typewritten. Font: Arial, size 12 and justified
paragraph.
3. Questions in black color and your answers in red color.
4. Written file will be submitted as pdf file in moodle.
5. FILE NAME should be: Act3_MCPH20_SURNAME

I. Review Questions

A. The Human Brain

1. In which of the cerebral lobes (frontal, parietal, occipital, or temporal) would the
following functional areas be found?

Auditory area Temporal

Primary motor area Frontal

Somatic sensory area Parietal

Olfactory area Temporal

Visual area Occipital

Broca’s area Frontal

2. Match the letters on the diagram of the human brain (right lateral view) to the
appropriate terms listed at the left:

Frontal lobe h
Parietal lobe b
Temporal lobe j
Precentral f
gyrus
Parietooccipital c
sulcus
Postcentral a
gyrus
 Lateral sulcus i
Central sulcus g
Cerebellum e
Medulla l
oblongata
Occipital lobe d
Pons k

3. Complete the following statements by identifying the word or phrase in the corresponding
blank.

A(n) gyrus is an elevated ridge of cerebral tissue. Inward folds of cerebral tissue
are called fissures or sulci. Gray matter is composed of neuron cell bodies. White
matter is composed of myelinated axons and glial cells. A bundle of fibers that
provides for communication between different parts of the CNS is called a(n)
commissural tract, whereas one that carries impulses between the periphery and CNS
areas is called a(n) projection tract. Nuclei deep within the cerebral hemisphere white
matter are collectively called the basal nuclei (ganglia).

3. Identify the structures on the following sagittal view of the human brain by
matching the lettered areas to the proper terms.

Cerebellum p
Cerebral m
aqueduct
Cerebral a
hemisphere
Cerebral l
peduncle
Choroid h
plexus
Corpora k
quadrigemina
Corpus b
callosum
Fourth n
ventricle
Hypothalamus d
Mammillary f
bodies
Intermediate c
mass
Medulla q
oblongata
 Optic chiasma e
Pineal gland j
Pituitary gland g
Pons o
Thalamus i

4. Using the anatomical terms from item 4, match the appropriate structures with the
following descriptions:

Hypothalamus site of regulation of body temperature and water balance;

most important autonomic center of brain

Corpora located in the midbrain; contains reflex centers for vision

Quadrigemina and hearing
Cerebellum coordinates complex muscular movements

Medulla contains autonomic centers regulating heart rate,

Oblongata respiration, and other visceral activities

Corpus Callosum large fiber tract connecting the cerebral hemispheres

Pituitary Gland part of the endocrine system

Cerebral canal that connects the third and fourth ventricles

Aqueduct
Thalamus the intermediate mass is part of it

5. Identify the meningeal (or associated) structures described below:

Dura Mater outermost layer; tough fibrous connective tissue

Pia Mater innermost vascular layer covering the brain; follows every
convolution

Arachnoid Villi drains cerebrospinal fluid into the venous blood in the dural
venous sinuses

Choroid Plexus structure that forms the cerebrospinal fluid

Arachnoid Mater middle layer; delicate with cottony fibers

 Falx Cerebri a dural fold that attaches the cerebrum to the crista galli of
the skull

6. Using choices from the key, provide the name and number of the cranial nerves
involved in each of the following activities, sensations, or disorders.

Key: abducens, accessory, facial, glossopharyngeal, hypoglossal, oculomotor,

olfactory, optic, trigeminal, trochlear, vagus, vestibulocochlear

Olfactory Smelling flower

Vagus Slowing the heart

Trigeminal Chewing food

Optic Reading the newspaper

Trigeminal Feeling a toothache

Facial Tasting well-seasoned food

Vestibulocochlear Listening to music

Accessory Rotating the head

Oculomotor Raising the eyelids

B. Spinal Cord

8. Complete the following statements by inserting the proper anatomical terms in the
answer blanks.

The superior boundary of the spinal cord is at the level of the foramen magnum of
the skull, and its inferior boundary is at the level of vertebra sacrum. The collection of
spinal nerves traveling in the vertebral canal below the terminus of the spinal cord
iscalled the cauda equina.

The spinal cord is enlarged in two regions, the cervical and the lumbar regions.
What is the significance of these enlargements?
 Two regions of the spinal cord are enlarged to accommodate the greater number of
nerve cells and connections needed to process information related to the upper and
lower limbs. The spinal cord expansion that corresponds to the arms is called the
cervical enlargement and includes spinal segments C5—T1; the expansion that
corresponds to the legs is called the lumbar enlargement and includes spinal
segments L2—S3.

9. In the human, there are 31 pairs of spinal nerves named according to the region
of the vertebral column where they originate. The spinal nerves are named below.
Note, by number (ex. C1, L1, etc), the vertebral level at which they emerge:

C1 – C8 Cervical nerves

L1 – L5 Lumbar nerves

S1 – S5 Sacral nerves

T1 – T12 Thoracic nerves

10. The ventral rami of spinal nerves C1 through T1 and T12 through S4 form
plexuses, which serve the limb and anterior trunk of the body. The ventral rami of
T2 through T12 run between the ribs to serve intercostal muscles. The dorsal rami
of the spinal nerves serve the posterior body trunk.

2. MOTOR & SENSORY NEEDS OF THE MUSCLES AND SKIN OF THE LIMBS
11. What would happen (i.e., loss of sensory or motor function or both) if the following
structures were damaged or transected?

Loss of sensory Dorsal root of a spinal

function nerve

Loss of motor Ventral root of a spinal

function nerve

Loss of sensory Ventral ramus of a spinal

and motor nerve
function

12. Name the major nerves that serve the following body areas:
Axillary Nerve Deltoid muscle

Phrenic Nerve Diaphragm

Sciatic Nerve Posterior thigh

Superficial Fibular Lateral leg and foot

Nerve
Median Nerve, Flexor muscles of forearm
Ulnar Nerve and some hand muscles
Musculocutaneous Flexor muscles of arm
Nerve, Median
Nerve, Ulnar
Nerve, Radial
Nerve
Femoral Nerve Lower abdomen and
anterior thigh

Radial Nerve Triceps muscle

Tibial Nerve Posterior leg and foot