Human Brain

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Human Skull

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 Human Brain

Cerebrum ( touch,
vision, hearing, speech,
reasoning, emotions, learning &
fine control movements)

Cerebellum
Brain Stem (relay center (Co-ordinate muscle
movements, maintain
connecting the cerebrum and cerebellum to posture, andbalance.)
the spinal cord. breathing, heart rate, body
temperature, wake and sleep cycles,
digestion, sneezing, coughing, vomiting,and
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swallowing )
 Cont…

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 Actual Brain

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 Actual Brain

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 Meninges
Meninges are layers of
tissue that separate the
skull and the brain

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 Arachnoid Membrane

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 Cerebral Cortex & Brain Stem

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 Gyri, Fissure & Sulci

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 Cerebral Cortex

Cerebral Cortex

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 The Cerebrum

Largest myelinated structure ,

200-250 million neurons present 21
 Anatomy of Ventricles

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 Lobes of the Brain
Longitudinal Fissure

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 Frontal Lobe

Memory Formation
Emotions
Decision
Making/Reasoning
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Personality
 Frontal lobe functions
 Precentral gyrus
 :contralateral motor movement of arm,face,leg,trunk

 Brocas area
 :dominamt hemisphere center for speech expression

 Prefrontal area: personality

 Paracentral lobule :cortical inhibition of bowel and

bladder voiding
Frontal Lobe:
The frontal lobe assists in
motor and cognitive activities
such as planning, making
decisions, setting goals and
relating the present to future
through purposeful behaviour

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Broca’s & Wernicke Area

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 Arcuate Fasciculus

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 Parietal Lobe:
Assist in sensory processes, Spatial interpretation, attention and language
comprehension. Interprets language, words, Sense of touch, pain,
temperature, Interprets signals from vision, hearing, motor, sensory and
memory.

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 Parietal lobe functions
 Post central gyrus :sensory cortex receives afferent pathways fpr posture ,touch,passive
movement

 supramarginal and angular gyrus :

dominant lobe :receptive area where auditory and visuals aspects of comprehension are
integrated .
implicated for handling numbers and calculations
 non dominant parietal lobe :important for concept of body image ,ability to contruct shapes


visual pathways :the fibres of optic radiations pass deeper to parietal lobe
Touch, Temperature, Body
Position and Pain

Primary
Somatosensory Somatosensory
Very sensitive areas- Cortex/
lips & finger tips Association
Postcentral Gyrus Cortex

Primary
Gustatory
Cortex
Taste

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 Occipital Lobe

The Occipital Lobe of the Brain

is located deep to the Occipital
Bone of the Skull. Its primary
function is the processing,
integration, interpretation, etc
of VISION and visual stimuli.

Interprets vision (color, light, movement)

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 Occipital lobe

Visual AssociationArea
Interprets information acquired through
the primary visual cortex.

Primary Visual Cortex

size, color, light, motion, dimensions

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Occipital Lobe:
Process visual information and passes its conclusion to the parietal and
frontal lobe

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 Temporal Lobe

• The Temporal Lobes are

located on the sides of the

brain, deep to the Temporal
Bones of the skull.
Temporal Lobe:
Assist in auditory perception, language comprehension and visual
recognition.

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 Temporal lobe anatomy
 Auditary cortex :lies on upper surface of superior temporal gyrus buried in lateral sulcus dominant lobe
for hearing of language

 Non dominant lobe :important for hearing of sounds ,rhythm,music

 Middle and inferior temporal gyrus for learning and memory

 Limbic lobe is included

 Sensation of olfaction are included

 Visual pathways are included deep in temporal lobe

Primary
Auditory
Cortex

Wernike’sArea

Primary
Olfactory
Cortex (Deep)
Conducted
from Olfactory
Bulb
Hippocampus

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Limbic System

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Amygdala

aggression, eating, drinking

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and sexual behaviors
 Cerebellum
The cerebellum is involved in the
coordination of voluntary motor
movement, balance and equilibrium
and muscle tone.
.

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 Brain Stem

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 Brain Stem

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 Pons
Pons

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dreaming and wakening from sleep
 Cerebellum

body movements, controls posture

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and maintains equilibruim
 Reticular Formation
Pons

signals the cerebral cortex to attend the

new simulation and to remain alerteven
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during sleep.
Medulla
Thalamus

breathing, walking, sleeping

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and beating of the heart
Hypothalamus

Monitors blood levels of glucose,salt,

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blood pressure and hormones
 Cranial Nerves

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 11th & 12th Cranial Nerves

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