SISTEM

SARAF TEPI

DR. ANUNG PUTRI ILLAHIKA,M.SI

LABORATORIUM ANATOMI
FK UMM
Nervous System Organization
OTAK MANUSIA

 ANATOMI
 FUNGSI
The Cerebrum
Terdiri dari 2 hemisphere yang dipisahkan falx cerebri.
Mengisi hampir seluruh cavum cranii diatas tenrorium cerebelli.
Pada permukaannnya terdapat sulcus dan gyrus.
Permukaan terdiri dari gyrus dan sulcus
Lobes of the Cerebrum Limbic Lobe

Frontal Lobe

Parietal Lobe

Occipital Lobe
Temporal Lobe
 Frontal Lobe

The frontal lobe is the

area of the brain
responsible for higher
cognitive functions.
These include:
• Problem solving
• Spontaneity
• Memory
• Language
• Motivation
• Judgment
• Impulse control
• Social and sexual
behavior.
Temporal Lobe
 plays a role in
emotions,
 responsible for
smelling, tasting,
perception, memory,
understanding music,
aggressiveness, and
sexual behavior.
The temporal lobe also
contains the
language area of the
brain.
Parietal Lobe
 sensations of touch,
smell, and taste.
 processes sensory and
spatial awareness, and
is a key component in
eye-hand co-ordination
and arm movement.
 Keistimewaan
Wernicke’s area that is
responsible for
matching written words
with the sound of
spoken speech.
Occipital Lobe
 controls vision and
recognition.
Limbic Lobe
The limbic lobe is
located deep in the
brain, and makes up
the limbic system.
• Adalah kumpulan sejumlah nucleus The Limbic System
dan tractus diantara cerebrum dan
diencephalonl
• System ini lebih merupakan
kumpulan fungsional daripada
kumpulan anatomis.
• Fungsi:
• Mengendalikan dorongan emosi dan
perilaku.
• Menghubungkan fungsi kesadaran
dan intelektual cortex dengan bagian
bawah sadar dan pusat otonom
• Mengatur penyimpanan memory.

A. Cingulate gyrus
B. Fornix
C. Anterior thalamic
nuclei
D. Hypothalamus The limbic system is the
E. Amygdaloid nucleus area of the brain that
F. Hippocampus regulates emotion and
memory. It directly
connects the lower and
higher brain functions.
 Cerebellum
•integrates sensory information
concerning position of body
parts
• coordinates skeletal muscle
activity
• maintains posture

The cerebellum is connected

to the brainstem, and is the Click image to play or pause video
center for body movement
and balance.
Hypothalamus
The hypothalamus sits under the thalamus at
the top of the brainstem. Although the
hypothalamus is small, it controls many critical
bodily functions:
• Controls autonomic nervous system
• Center for emotional response and behavior
• Regulates body temperature
• Regulates food intake
• Regulates water balance and thirst
The hypothalamus is
• Controls sleep-wake cycles shaded blue. The pituitary
gland extends from the
• Controls endocrine system
hypothalamus.
The Medulla Oblongata
The medulla is primarily a control
center for vital involuntary reflexes
such as swallowing, vomiting,
sneezing, coughing, and regulation of
cardiovascular and respiratory activity.
The medulla is also the origin of many
cranial nerves.
Bagian paling caudal dari brain stem.
Menghubungkan brainstem dengan medulla spinalis.
Tempat nucleus yang mengatur fungsi autonom ( heart
rate, tekanan darah aktivitas saluran cerna.)
The Pons
The main function of the pons is
to connect the cerebellum to the
rest of the brain and to modify the
respiratory output of the medulla.
The pons is the origin of several
cranial nerves.
The brainstem is the
The Brainstem
most primitive part
of the brain and
controls the basic
functions of life:
breathing, heart
rate, swallowing,
reflexes to sight or
sound, sweating,
blood pressure,
sleep, and balance.
The brainstem can
Front
be divided into three
major sections.
Rear

Medulla
Thalamus
Pons
The Neuron
Dendrit : menerima pesan
dari luar

Axon : meneruskan pesan

keluar.

Synapse: hubungan axon

dengan dendrit

Tempat synapse disebut

ganglion.
Neural Communication
 Components of
the Nervous
System

Central Nervous System

brain, spinal cord

Peripheral NS
Sensory - input
afferent (approach)

Motor - output
efferent (exit)

Figure 11.1
The Cranial Nerves & PNS Terminology
 The Cranial Nerves
I. Olfactory nerve
II. Optic nerve
III. Oculomotor nerve
IV. Trochlear nerve
V. Trigeminal nerve
VI. Abducens nerve
VII. Facial nerve
VIII. Vestibulocochlear nerve
IX. Glossopharyngeal nerve
X. Vagus nerve
XI. Accessory nerve
XII. Hypoglossal nerve
NERVUS CRANIALIS
Neural Communication
Differences between Somatic and Autonomic NS
Sympathetic – “fight-or- Autonomic Nervous System
flight”
“E”division =
exercise, excitement,
emergency, and
embarrassment 

Parasympathetic – housekeeping
activites
Conserves energy
necessary body functions
“D”division - digestion,
defecation, and diuresis

Figure 7.25
 Classification of Reflexes
 By development
 Innate, acquired
 Where information is processed
 Spinal, cranial
 Motor response
 Somatic, visceral
 Complexity of neural circuit
 Monosynaptic
Reflex arc
•Neural “wiring” of reflex
•Requires 5 functional components: 1. sensory receptor, 2. sensory neuron, 3.
integrating center (SC or BS), 4. motor neuron, & 5. effector
Design of the Nervous System
 Organ Sympathis Parasympathis
Pupil Dilatasi/Midriasis Konstriksi/Miosis

Cor Tachycardia Bradycardia

Bronchus Bronchodilatasi Bronchokonstriksi

Pemb. darah Vasokonstriksi Vasodilatasi

Kelenjar Hipersekresi Hiposekresi

M. Erector pili Kontr  bulu roma Relaksasi

Dinding usus • Relaks  peristaltik < • Konst  peristaltik >

• Kontr.sphincter  defekasi - • Rel.sphincter  defekasi
+
Vesica urinaria Relaks.detrusor / kontraksi Kontr. Detrusor / relaksasi
sphincter  Mictie - sphincter  mictie +
Genital Vasokonst  c.cavernosus --  Vasodil  c.cavern ++ 
vena terbuka  Ereksi - vena tertutup  Ereksi +