BIOS252-EXAM 2 STUDY

GUIDE
*oculomotor- only cranial nerve that functions as a motor neuron
*oculomotor- only cranial nerve that functions as a motor neuron
 pia- deepest
arachnoid-middle
dura-superficial
**OLIGODENDROCYTES insulate CNS
SCHWANN CELLS INSULATE PNS**
ASTROCYTES form the BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER!

Cerebral Cortex
 BROCAS- in frontal lobe, PRODUCTION OF SPEECH, NON-
FLUENT APHASIA when affected.
 WERNICKES- left cerebral hemisphere, temporal lobe,
COMPREHENSION and PRODUCTION of meaningful
 speech- can be affected when a patient has an ISCHEMIC
STROKE
 LIMBIC SYSTEM-
Hippocampus: Essential in storing memories and forming
long-term memory
 Amygdaloid Body: Involved in several emotional states,
but is largely associated with fear.
 Olfactory Bulbs, Olfactory Tract, and Olfactory Cortex:
Odors can provoke emotions and memories
 LOBES OF THE CEREBRUM
Parietal lobe sensory processing, attention, and language

Frontal lobe motor area involved in movement and in

planning & coordinating behavior
Pons Coordinates intentional movements with the
cerebellum (they talk to each other) Controls
the sleep-wake cycle and breathing as well as
unconscious things.
Occipital lobe Is in control of visual perception

Temporal lobe auditory perception, speech, and complex

visual perceptions
Wernicke area found here.
 THE DIENCEPHALON

 The diencephalon has three major parts to it,

the thalamus, the hypothalamus and the epithalamus
FUNCTIONS OF THE HYPOTHALAMUS
o Control center for the autonomic nervous
system
o Regulates hormonal pathways and autonomic
functions
o Production of hypothalamic hormones
that (e.g., GHRH, somatostatin,
dopamine) mostly affect the hormonal
secretion of the anterior pituitary gland
Posterior Pituitary Gland.
o Reception and integration of sensory inputs
o Thirst and hunger regulation
o Autonomic function control
o Thermoregulation

1. heart rate and arterial blood pressure

2. body temperature
3. water and electrolyte balance
4. control of hunger & body weight
5. control of digestive movements and secretions
6. regulation of sleep-wake cycles
7. control of endocrine system function

Spinal Nerves
31 pairs of spinal nerves are considered to be a part of
the Peripheral Nervous System

 8 pairs of cervical nerves.

 12 pairs of thoracic nerves,
 5 pairs of lumbar nerves
 5 pairs of sacral nerves
 1 pair of coccygeal nerves.

DORSAL-AFFERENT(SENSORY)

VENTRAL-EFFERENT

NOREPINEPHRINE is released by
sympathetic
ACETYLCHOLINE is released by
parasympathetic
Autonomic nervous system is
INVOLUNTARY- EFFECTORS

REFLEXES
Patellar reflex- “knee jerk”- stretches
quadricep and tests the l2, l3 & l4
segments of the SPINAL CORD!
:::::::::IMAGES TO KNOW::::::::::
Hypothalamus & Amygdala

Corpus Callosum (remember C

shape)

Reticular Activating System

 Thalamus

Cerebrum &
Cerebellum
Pons, Medulla & Midbrain

Frontal, Parietal, Temporal & Occipital