THE NERVOUS AND

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

The Biological
Mind
Teacher Quesiah
What is Biological
Psychology?
THE STUDY OF RECRIPROCAL CONNECTIONS
BETWEEN THE STRUCTURE AND NS ACTIVITY
BEHAVIOR AND MENTAL PROCESS.

Cultural Neuroscience
♡ How do cultural phenomena influence genetics and
brains and vice-versa?
Phrenology
♡ Pattern of bumps on an individual skull correlate with
the person personality and traits.
Neuron Doctrine
♡ nervous system was made up of separate cells.
 THE NERVOUS
SYSTEM
Works with most of the recent
evolved structures as a
hierarchy.
Reductionisms is the explanation
of complex things as a sums of
simpler things
What are the structures
and functions of the CNS?
THE BRAIN AND THE ESPINAL CORD
ARE THE EBST PROTECTED AREA
WITH NONES AND LAYERS CALLED
MENINGES.

The cerebrospinal fluid move through the ventricles in

the brain.
1. SPINAL CORD
It is the conduct for information
flowing to and form the brain.
There are 31 pairs of spinal nerves.
The SC work with reflexes without
the need of the brain assistance.
TYPES OF NEURONS
Sensory
Interneurons
Motor Neurons
 2. Brainstem
Contains structures for reflexive
behavior, heart rate, breathing,
arousal, sleep, sensory analysis,
balance, movement.

MEDULLA
Controls heart rate, breathing,
bloodpressure

PONS
Management of sleep, arousal, facil
expressions
Cerebellum Midbrain
MANTAIN BALANCE
SENSORY REFLEXES,
AND MOTOR
MOVEMENT, PAIN.
COORDINATION.

Reticular
Formation
MANAGEMENT OF
LEVELS OF AROUSAL,
CONSCIOUSNESS.
3. Subcortical Structures
THEY BUILD UP THE LYMBIC
SYSTEM

1. Thalamus: inut from most of our senses comes

here first. Plays a roles in memory and
consciousness.
2. Basal Ganglia: consists of several large
structures involved with voluntary movement
3. Hypothalamus: motivation and homeostasis/ 4
F behavior
Subcortical Structures

Hippocampus: long term

memories.
Amygdala: receives sensory
information/ produce
emotional and motivational
output/respond to fear and
aggression/facial expression ID
Nucleus Accumbens: brain
reward and pleasure zone.

CINGULATE CORTEX
1. Anterior: cobrl of autonomic NS,
decision making, emotion,
anticipation of reward, and empathy.
2. Posterior: memory ad visual
processing.
4. Cerebral Cortex
HEMISPHERES SEPARATED
BY CORPUS CALLOSUM.
Cerebral cortex is a thin layer
ofneurons covering the outer surface.
The function of the 4 areas are:
sensory, motor and association.
 Lobes

FRONTAL
OCCIPITAL
Cognitive functions TEMPORAL PARIETAL
Broca Area Visual Cortex
Motor cortex Auditory cortex, Somatosensory
Prefrontal cortex: planning Identify, recognize
recognize visual cortex
behavior, attention, with the temporal
judgement. images Gets how quickly
live and process with
Orbitofrontal cortex: Wernicke;s area something is moving
impulsive control, the parietal lobe.
emotional, decision
making.
 Cerebral Cortex
OTHER FUNCTIONS

Lateralization
Mirror Neurons - It is crossed and opposite.
Help understand and reproduce Left: match, computer, logic
actions, intentions and emotions. - Right: music, intuition, arts
PROVIDE INPUT AND OUTPUT

Peripheral Nervous System

SOMATIC AND AUTONOMIC NS

Somatic Nervous system
TRANSMIT
COMMANDS FOR
VOLUNTARY
MOVEMENTS
FROM THE CNS
TO THE MUSCLES
AND BRINGS
SENSORY INPUT
TO THE CNS>
 Autonomic
Nervous system
CONTROL GLANDS,
ORGANS, CRUISE
CONTROL.

PREPARES BODY
DIRECTS THE
FOR SITUATIONS
STORAGE OF
THAT NEEDS
ENERY. EXPEDITION.

Creative Writing 101 Presentation

 Enteric Nervous System
Nerve cells in the gastrointestinal system work with
the endocrine system. Work son conscious and
unconscious perceptions.
Endrocine System
GLANDS THAT RELEASE CHEMICAL MESSAGES
CALLED HORMONES. RESPOND INPUTS FROM THE
NS AND HYPOTHALAMUS.
THYROID
PINEAL GLAND Raise or lower ADRENAL GLAND
melatonin, keep metabolism, Release cortisol
sleep sustain life. during stress.

ISLETS OF LANGERHANS
hormones for digestion
and insulin production.
Pituitary Gland

REGULATED BY THE HYPOTHALAMUS.

OXITOCIN: BREASFEEDING.
VASOPRESSIN: FLUID LEVEL
HUMAN GROWTH: COOPERATION, TRUST, MEMORY
OF SOCIAL INFORMATION, RECOGNITION OF
EMOTION, RESILIENCE.
 HOW DO NEURONS
COMMUNICATE?
Neurons: cell specialized to send and receive
neural messages. Quarkwood High
Neuron

GLIA CELLS
Provide structure, form tight connection, blood-
brain barrier, form myelin.
Damaged on the CNS forms a scar that prevents
repair.

MYELIN
Insulting material covering the axon that speeds
up communication.
Creative Writing 101 Presentation
 Neural Communication
1. Signal the neuron's axon, generates an
electrical signal or action potential.
2. Action potential release chemical flows the
extracellular fluid.
 Electrical
Signal
RESTING POTENTIAL,
POLARIZATION,
ACTION POTENTIAL,
REFRACTORY PERIOD,
RESTING POTENTIAL.
Chemical Signaling
Neurotransmitters
THERE ARE AROUND 50 TYPES OF
NT IN THE BODY.

TABLE 4-4 OF YOUR BOOK.