Republic of the Philippines

PAMANTASAN NG CABUYAO
(University of Cabuyao)
College of Education
Katapatan Homes, Brgy. Banay-banay, City of Cabuyao, Laguna 4025

Factors Affecting Cognitive

Development

Group 7 members:

Addatu, Roxanne Valerie

Aquino, Lorraine

Oh, Kitzley Mariz

Macaso, Kimberly

Santua, Kamilah D.

Valcurza, Shairene Lou

 Republic of the Philippines
PAMANTASAN NG CABUYAO
(University of Cabuyao)
College of Education
Katapatan Homes, Brgy. Banay-banay, City of Cabuyao, Laguna 4025

Course Code: CED101

Course Description: The Child and Adolescent Learners and Learning Principles.

1st TOPIC: FACTORS AFFECTING COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT

Factors affecting cognitive development is a very relevant, highly regarded, and

meaningful. Cognitive development is a progressive reorganization of mental processes
as a result of biological maturation and environmental experience. According to Jean
Piaget’s study.

Module Intended Learning Outcomes:

At the end of this Module, you should be able to:

• Learn about the significance of factors that influence cognitive development.

• Determine the various factors that influence cognitive development.
• Recognize and comprehend the significance of learning factors influencing
development.
 Republic of the Philippines
PAMANTASAN NG CABUYAO
(University of Cabuyao)
College of Education
Katapatan Homes, Brgy. Banay-banay, City of Cabuyao, Laguna 4025

FACTORS AFFECTING COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT

Introduction

The process by which children explore, think, and notice their environment is known as
cognitive development. It involves the growth of knowledge, character, and problem-
solving abilities that aid in their comprehension of the environment. Brain development is
a part of cognitive development. It is said that Jean Piaget is the originator of cognitive
development. He was a Swiss psychologist who studied how children's minds developed
while they were growing up.

Jean Piaget:

 was a Swiss psychologist and genetic epistemologist.

 was born in Switzerland on August 9, 1896,

 died in Geneva, Switzerland on September      16, 1980. 

 was one of the first psychologists to systematically explore the development of

cognitive abilities. 

 Piaget was named as the second-most significant psychologist of the 20th century in
a 2002 survey of 1,725 members of the American Psychological Society.

 best known for his Theory of cognitive development and Developing the term
“genetic epistemology.
 Republic of the Philippines
PAMANTASAN NG CABUYAO
(University of Cabuyao)
College of Education
Katapatan Homes, Brgy. Banay-banay, City of Cabuyao, Laguna 4025

What is Cognitive development?

Children grow and develop rapidly in their first five years across the four main areas of
development. These areas are motor (physical), language and communication, cognitive
and social/emotional. Cognitive development means how children think, explore and
figure things out. It is the development of knowledge, skills, problem solving and
dispositions, which help children to think about and understand the world around them.
Brain development is part of cognitive development.

As a parent, it is important to foster your child's cognitive development as soon as he/she

is born because doing so provides the foundation for your child's success in school and
later in life. For example, research shows that children who can distinguish sounds at six
months of age are better at acquiring the skills for learning to read at four and five years
of age.

Another way that you can foster your child's cognitive development is to provide him/her
with choices and prompt him/her to make thoughtful decisions. You should also allow
your child to explore different ways of solving problems. While you may want to provide
some gentle guidance and encouragement, allow your child some time to figure out
things, like a new puzzle. This may require some patience on your part, but it will
ultimately help him/her to learn.

Cognitive development two major factors

1. Biological factors

-Sense Organs

-Intelligence

-Heredity

-Nutritional Factors

-Sensory Organs

-Maturation
 Republic of the Philippines
PAMANTASAN NG CABUYAO
(University of Cabuyao)
College of Education
Katapatan Homes, Brgy. Banay-banay, City of Cabuyao, Laguna 4025

2. Environmental factors

-Learning opportunities

-Economic status

-External Stimuli

-Family and society

-Playing

Biological factors

Biological factors can be controllable and uncontrollable, it includes the contribution of

genetics and evolution towards brain development as well as neurobiological functioning.
The biological factors has six(6) main factors, this are sense organs, intelligence, heredity,
nutritional factors, sensory organs and maturation

Environmental factors

Environmental factors make up the physical, social and attitudinal environment in which
people live and conduct their lives. Environmental factors are external to the individual
and can have a positive or negative influence on a person's participation as a member of
society, on performance of activities, or on a person's body function or structure.
 Republic of the Philippines
PAMANTASAN NG CABUYAO
(University of Cabuyao)
College of Education
Katapatan Homes, Brgy. Banay-banay, City of Cabuyao, Laguna 4025

Generalization

Cognitive development is the process by which an individual's thinking and reasoning

abilities grow and mature over time. It entails the growth of various mental processes
such as memory, perception, logical reasoning, problem-solving, language, and decision-
making. This starts at birth and progresses throughout a person’s lifespan. Although
everyone undergoes this development, its pace and flow may vary depending on the two
major factors – Biological and Environmental - which contributes a huge influence on
one’s development. Getting to know the factors affecting cognitive development is
essential for it helps in understanding individual differences, employing early
intervention, fostering learning environment through education and parenting, and
creating policies that effectively aims for the improvement of the children’s development.

References:

-Help me grow mn. Help Me Grow MN. (n.d.). Retrieved March 10, 2023, from
https://helpmegrowmn.org/HMG/HelpfulRes/Articles/WhatCognitiveDev/index.html

-Factors affecting cognitive development and language development. YouTube. (2021, July
6). Retrieved March 10, 2023, from https://youtu.be/4sMmoGZiMuk

-Wikimedia Foundation. (2023, February 3). Language. Wikipedia. Retrieved March 10,
2023, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language

-Wikimedia Foundation. (2023, March 3). Language development. Wikipedia. Retrieved

March 10, 2023, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language_development
 Republic of the Philippines
PAMANTASAN NG CABUYAO
(University of Cabuyao)
College of Education
Katapatan Homes, Brgy. Banay-banay, City of Cabuyao, Laguna 4025

Language Development
 Republic of the Philippines
PAMANTASAN NG CABUYAO
(University of Cabuyao)
College of Education
Katapatan Homes, Brgy. Banay-banay, City of Cabuyao, Laguna 4025

Course Code: CED101

Course Description: The Child and Adolescent Learners and Learning Principles.

2ND TOPIC: Language Development

Module Intended Learning Outcomes

At the end of this Module, you should be able to:

• define language development

• appreciate the importance of learning language development; and
• share real-life situations regarding the language development process
 Republic of the Philippines
PAMANTASAN NG CABUYAO
(University of Cabuyao)
College of Education
Katapatan Homes, Brgy. Banay-banay, City of Cabuyao, Laguna 4025

LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT
Introduction

As the cognitive ability of a child develops, language development occurs. This refers to the
process of individuals in obtaining the ability to communicate through language. Starting
from early childhood, infants initially develop an ability to communicate through varying
forms of gestures, facial expressions, and vocalizations such as crying or grunting. It is by 10
months when a baby can start to distinguish speech sounds. Once a child starts to develop
their receptive language abilities, further language development such as verbal expression is
intensively developed. This is initially manifested through babbling.

Language development takes place as an individual grows. Thus, it is a complex process that
are extensively affected by various factors, not just cognitive, but as well as social and
cultural components.

What is language development?

Language development is the process through which children acquire the ability to process
speech and communicate. During this process, a child may slowly understand basic linguistic
patterns and expand their vocabulary gradually before achieving fluency. Although the
stages of language development are universal, the rate at which each child progresses can
vary. Certain factors can influence a child's language learning capabilities, including
motivation, environment, gender and physical development.
 Republic of the Philippines
PAMANTASAN NG CABUYAO
(University of Cabuyao)
College of Education
Katapatan Homes, Brgy. Banay-banay, City of Cabuyao, Laguna 4025

Why is language development important? As a teacher, child care provider or speech-

language pathologist, your understanding of the stages of language development helps you
promote a child’s healthy development. You can create goals for them and intervene if they
haven’t achieved the proper milestones for their age.

Here are some other reasons why language development is important:

Promote social interaction

Language development plays a key role in how well a child is able to interact with friends,
family and other members of society. Well-developed language can improve a child's ability
to engage in social interactions, meaning that their social and interpersonal skills can also
develop as they learn how to use language effectively. It's important to pay attention to how
well children develop language to ensure they can function effectively in a social setting.

Improve cognitive development

Learning a new language aids in brain development and increases intelligence and creativity
in children. Children who have more developed language skills often have less risk of
cognitive impairment and may find it easier to understand basic concepts, which can help
them in school when learning how to read and write. Because of this, encouraging healthy
language development is important to promote a child's ability to learn.

Aid self-expression

Language development allows children to express themselves and communicate with

siblings, parents and babysitters daily. Outside of the home, kids benefit from language skills
 Republic of the Philippines
PAMANTASAN NG CABUYAO
(University of Cabuyao)
College of Education
Katapatan Homes, Brgy. Banay-banay, City of Cabuyao, Laguna 4025

to express themselves while playing with friends or while participating in class and
interacting with teachers at school. When kids can express themselves through language,
social interactions and everyday life can become easier for them.

Enhance literacy

Proper language development is necessary for a child's literacy skills so that they can
comprehend books and school assignments. It's also important for children to understand
instructions from teachers and subject material in class. For example, a student can only
understand how to perform basic mathematical problems if they can identify and follow the
directions. If you're a special needs teacher, knowing how to help students with language
development issues can improve their learning abilities and enhance their academic
performance.

Improve self-esteem

Well-developed language skills can help improve self-esteem. When children find they can
use their language skills effectively, they may have more motivation to interact with others.
It can also help them have more confidence in their schoolwork. If a child can communicate
with their peers, they are likely to have higher self-esteem because they can make friends
more easily and may also be more successful at getting jobs in the future. If you're a child
psychologist, for example, your work might involve helping children with language
development issues to improve their self-confidence.

What are the stages of language development?

Here are the main stages of language development in children:

1. Pre-linguistic stage

Also known as the pre-linguistic stage, the first stage of language development often occurs
between zero and six months. Children in this phase don't have developed language skills,
 Republic of the Philippines
PAMANTASAN NG CABUYAO
(University of Cabuyao)
College of Education
Katapatan Homes, Brgy. Banay-banay, City of Cabuyao, Laguna 4025

so they communicate with sounds. They cry, make cooing sounds and utter nasal murmurs
as their vocal tracts develop. Infants can also recognize voices and sounds in addition to
facial expressions and voice tones.

2. Babbling stage

The second stage of a child's language development happens between the ages of 6 and 9
months. Children begin to babble, making noises and syllables that aren’t yet words. Mouth
muscles and teeth grow to prepare children for more advanced talking.

3. Holophrastic stage

The third phase of language development, also known as the holophrastic stage, usually
happens between the ages of 9 and 18 months. During this time, their language skills usually
have increased enough for them to say single words that describe objects or identify their
basic needs. For instance, a child in this stage might say "dada" as a way of getting their
dad's attention. 

4. Two-word stage

During this stage, the child can speak two-word sentences that usually have some meaning.
They group words together that they learned during the holophrastic stage. Some examples
may include:

 Saying "more food" at the table

 Saying "doggy small" to describe a dog

 Saying "thank mom!" to show appreciation

5. Telegraphic stage

The telegraphic stage occurs between the ages of 24 and 30 months. Children can speak
phrases that are not only longer but also have more than two elements. For instance, a child
might say “The cat stand up on the table.” Correct grammar still isn’t prevalent in this stage,
 Republic of the Philippines
PAMANTASAN NG CABUYAO
(University of Cabuyao)
College of Education
Katapatan Homes, Brgy. Banay-banay, City of Cabuyao, Laguna 4025

but the sentence conveys that the cat is standing up in addition to being on the table. The
child also develops the ability to understand basic instructions, including two-part orders
like "go to your table and get your books.

6. Multi-word stage

Beyond 30 months, children enter the multi-word stage. They build increasingly complex
sentences that allow them to better communicate their ideas. They also start to incorporate
morphemes to make more semantically sound phrases. For instance, they know to use the
word “dogs” instead of “dog” when referring to more than one dog. The telegraphic stage
occurs between the ages of 24 and 30 months.

Tips for improving language development

Here are ways you can improve a child's language development:

 Read books aloud: Reading books aloud to toddlers exposes them to new words and
sentence structures, improving their language learning skills. If you teach or work
with children in this language development stage, you can schedule book reading
sessions with them and ask them to try reading the words to test their language
abilities.

 Converse regularly: Communicating with kids is another useful tactic for improving

their language skills. Even if they cannot respond, repeatedly hearing certain
statements can make it easier for them to reproduce the words later.

 Give adequate support and encouragement: Encouraging children throughout the

language development process improves their confidence and helps them to learn at
a faster pace. When they make mistakes, consider correcting them encouragingly
and showing them the proper pronunciation or grammar.

 Limit screen time: It can be a good idea to avoid permitting excess screen time, as it
can interfere with language learning. This is because devices like television and
smartphones lack interaction, which is an important factor in language development.
 Republic of the Philippines
PAMANTASAN NG CABUYAO
(University of Cabuyao)
College of Education
Katapatan Homes, Brgy. Banay-banay, City of Cabuyao, Laguna 4025

 Give children control: During conversations with toddlers, let them control the flow
or topic of discussions. Engaging them in such conversations can improve their ability
to form their own sentences and ideas.

References:

Language development: A teachers guide. RSS. (n.d.). Retrieved March 13, 2023, from
https://www.structural-learning.com/post/language-development#:~:text=What%20is
%20language%20development%3F,their%20vocabulary%20throughout%20this
%20stage

Indeed Editorial Team. (2023, March 11). 6 Stages of Language Development and Why
They’re Important. Indeed Career Guide. https://www.indeed.com/career-advice/career-
development/stages-of-language-development?
fbclid=IwAR3YOzza3eV0NqNxC2g_rb48NOm_l9RyyI133mpnaswZ6G-
Ll1_Zh_CTzH8
 Republic of the Philippines
PAMANTASAN NG CABUYAO
(University of Cabuyao)
College of Education
Katapatan Homes, Brgy. Banay-banay, City of Cabuyao, Laguna 4025