NERVOUS SYSTEM

DIVISIONS AND
SUBDIVISIONS
By: Christian Avetz Polingday Morpus Liberato Cabalteja, Marjean
Pauig Loraña,
Lanz Kenshin Dela Cruz Almojuela Latriz
 LIFE LESSON

Nervous System
• The ‘Nervous System’, also known as the command center of the body control
to your body by sending electrical signals (neurons) all around your body
through the brain, skin, glands, organs, and muscles; telling you to breathe,
move, speak, see, etc.

• Comprised of neurons; the brain, spinal cord, and nerves, It regulates

complicated processes like thoughts, memories, and emotions. It also plays an
essential role in the things your body does without thinking.

• Neurons are nerve cells that send messages all over your body to allow you to
do everything from breathing to talking, eating, walking, and thinking.
 CENTRAL
NERVOUS
SYSTEM
• The central nervous system's responsibilities
include receiving, processing, and responding to
sensory information. The brain is an organ of
nervous tissue that is responsible for responses,
sensation, movement, emotions, communication,
thought processing, and memory.

• Subdivided into the Brain and the Spinal Cord

 CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
BRAIN STEM
It is responsible for many vital
functions of life, such as
breathing, consciousness, blood
pressure, heart rate, and sleep.
The brainstem contains many
critical collections of white and
grey matter. The grey matter
within the brainstem consists of
nerve cell bodies and forms many
important brainstem nuclei.
CEREBRUM
The cerebrum, the largest part of
the brain, is responsible for higher
cognitive functions such as
thinking, reasoning, perception,
and voluntary movement. It's
divided into two hemispheres,
each controlling the opposite side
of the body, and divided into four
more parts.
CEREBELLUM
The cerebellum helps coordinate
and regulate a wide range of
functions and processes in both
your brain and body. While it's
very small compared to your brain
overall, it holds more than half of
the neurons (cell that makes up
the nervous system)
THALAMUS
The thalamus acts as a relay
station in the brain, receiving
sensory information from various
parts of the body and directing it
to the appropriate areas of the
cerebral cortex for further
processing. It also plays a role in
regulating consciousness, sleep,
and alertness.
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
HYPOTHALAMUS HIPPOCAMPUS

The hypothalamus is a The hippocampus is

primarily involved in
small area in the center
memory formation and
of the brain. It helps
spatial navigation. It helps
produce hormones that convert short-term
regulate heart rate, body memories into long-term
temperature, hunger, memories and plays a key
and the sleep-wake role in learning and
cycle. recollection.

Frontal lobe: Responsible for planning, decision-making, and

problem solving.
Parietal lobe: Processes sensory information and helps with spatial
perception.
Temporal lobe: Involved in auditory processing, language
comprehension, and memory formation.
Occipital lobe: Processes visual information from the eyes
 PERIPHERAL
NERVOUS SYSTEM

• Consists of the nerves branching out from the brain and spinal cord,
forming the communication network between the CNS and the body
parts, controling the muscles
Subdivided into the Somatic and Autonomic nervous systems
 SOMATIC NERVOUS
SYSTEM
• A SUBDIVISION OF THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS
Allows me to
SYSTEM; STRETCHING THROUGHOUT NEARLY
move? EVERY PART OF YOUR BODY.

• THE NERVES IN THIS SYSTEM DELIVER

INFORMATION FROM YOUR SENSES TO YOUR
BRAIN. THEY ALSO CARRY COMMANDS FROM
YOUR BRAIN TO YOUR MUSCLES SO YOU CAN
MOVE AROUND;FEEDS INFORMATION FROM FOUR
OF YOUR SENSES — SMELL, SOUND, TASTE AND
TOUCH — INTO YOUR BRAIN.

HUWAG KANG
• RESPONSIBLE FOR ALL VOLUNTARY MOVEMENTS
BASTOS!!
AUTONOMIC NERVOUS
• THE AUTOMATIC (AUTONOMIC) NERVOUS
SYSTEM
SYSTEM IS A COMPONENT OF THE
PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM THAT
REGULATES INVOLUNTARY PHYSIOLOGIC
PROCESSES INCLUDING HEART RATE,
BLOOD PRESSURE, RESPIRATION,
DIGESTION, AND SEXUAL AROUSAL.

• DELIVERS MESSIGES TO THE SPINAL CORD

• CONTAINS TWO ANATOMICALLY DISTINCT

DIVISIONS: SYMPATHETIC,
PARASYMPATHETIC,
 TWO UNITS OF
AUTONOMIC
NERVOUS SYSTEM

SYMPATHETIC PARASYMPATHETIC
 PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
Sympathetic
The sympathetic nervous system nervous
system carries signals related to your
“fight-or-flight” response. making a key
part of your response to stressful
situations. But is easily damaged

PARASYMPATHETIC
The parasympathetic nervous system predominates
in quiet “rest and digest” conditions while the
sympathetic nervous system drives the “fight or
flight” response in stressful situations. The main
purpose of the PNS is to conserve energy to be
used later and to regulate bodily functions like
digestion and urination.
NEURONS OR NERVE
CELL
• Neurons is responsible for transmiting electrical signals and impulses
to other parts of the nervous system which is the CNS and PNS for the
creation of action for the incoming stimulus.
so, no
head?
 There are 10 parts of the neurons: The
dendrite, cell body, cell membrane,
nucleus, axon, axon hillock, node of
ranvier, myelin sheath, schawnn cell, and
axon terminal

PARTS OF NEURONS
AND ITS’ FUNCTION
MICROSCOPHIC IMAGE OF A
NEURON
 SYNAPSE IS THE ONE THAT CONNECTS ONE
NEURON TO ANOTHER

TO PASS THE IMPULSES TO THE OTHER PARTS OF

NERVOUS SYSTEM ( THE CNS AND PNS)
 SENSORY NEURONS MOTOR NEURONS INTERNEURONS

These Neurons take These neorons communicate These neurons make up the
information from the brain majority of neurons in the body,
sensory information (I.E.
They are essentially the ‘middle
getting poked with a to tissues and organs man’, transmitting information
needle) and sends the throughout the body, between sensory and motor
signals to th brain allowing for movemement neurons, they play a key role in
learning, memory, and planning!
 Sensory Neuron
Sensory neurons are the one that detects the
stimuli from the environment that will then sent
into the CNS.
This neuron are activated by physical and
chemical stimuli, eliciting sensations such as
temperature, touch, pain, and itch. From an
evolutionary perspective, sensing danger is
essential for organismal survival.
 Motor Neurons
Motor neurons (Motoneurons) comprise various
tightly controlled, complex circuits throughout the
body that allows for both voluntary and involuntary
movements through the innervation of effector muscles
and glands. Having two circuits, the upper motor
neurons originate in the cerebral cortex and travel
down to the brain stem or spinal cord, while the lower
motor neurons begin in the spinal cord and go on to
innervate muscles and glands throughout the body.
 INTERNEURON
As the name suggests, interneurons are the ones in
between - they connect spinal motor and sensory
neurons. As well as transferring signals between
sensory and motor neurons, interneurons can also
communicate with each other, forming circuits of
various complexity.
 How message is transmitted

Vision
Hearing
Smell

Taste
Touch
 Sensory Organ Sensory
Neuron

Stimuli

CNS
Effector

Motor
Neuron
THANK YOU
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