MELC #14: Describe how the

nervous system coordinates and

regulates these feedback mechanisms to
maintain homeostasis

Objectives:
1. Describe the functions of brain.
2. Differentiate the PNS from CNS.
3. Explain how neurons work.
 What
Happened
When?...
 NERVOUS SYSTEM
Autonomic nervous system
(communicates with internal
organs and glands)
Sensory (afferent)
Sympathetic
division (arousing)
Peripheral nervous system
Central nervous system
(Brain and spinal cord)
Parasympathetic
division (calming)
Somatic nervous system
(communicates with sense organs
and voluntary muscles)
nervous system
(sensory input)
Motor (efferent)
nervous system
(motor output)
What is Nervous System?
The nervous system is the
master controlling and
communicating system of the
body.
It controls and coordinates
all essential functions of the
human body.
 CENTRAL
NERVOUS
SYSTEM
(CNS)
The CNS serves as the main
processing center for the
entire nervous system.
Brain
• is the control center of our
body.
• It is responsible for our
learning, thinking,
remembering, monitoring our
surroundings, interpreting
stimulus and responding to it.
Three Main Parts of Brain
1.Cerebrum
2.Cerebellum
3.Brainstem
 The
Cerebrum

Frontal Lobes – control thinking, planning,

organizing, problem-solving, short-term memory
and movement.
 The
Cerebrum

Parietal Lobes – interpret sensory information,

such as taste, temperature and touch.
 The
Cerebrum

Occipital Lobes – process images from your

eyes and link information with images in
memory.
 The
Cerebrum

Temporal Lobes – process information from

your senses of smell, taste, and sound. They
also play a role in memory storage.
 The
Cerebellum
It is a small part at the back of the brain
that helps your muscles to coordinate
your movement and your balance so
that you can walk, ride a bike, or play.
The Brain
Stem
Controls many autonomic functions,
including:
 Breathing
 Blood pressure
 Heart rate
Also allows passage of nerve fibers between
brain and spinal cord
Spinal Cord
This serves as a channel for
signals between the brain and
the rest of the body, and
controls simple
musculoskeletal reflexes
without input from the brain.
 PERIPHERAL
NERVOUS
SYSTEM
(PNS)
The PNS connects the central
nervous system to the organs
and limbs.
A. Somatic Nervous
System
This system is associated with the
voluntary control of body movements
and has two main parts.
 Spinal nerves – nerves that carry
motor and sensory signals between
the spinal cord and the body.
 Cranial nerves – serve fibers that
carry information into and out of
the brain stem.
B. Autonomic Nervous
System
This system is associated with the
involuntary control of body
movements and has two main parts.
 Sympathetic – it is activated when
the body is in dynamic role or
stress. (e.g., increased heart rate
and breathing, dilation of pupil,
sweating, etc.)
 Parasympathetic – it maintains
body function and restores the
body to normal or relaxed mode.
THE NERVE CELL
 The nerve cell is the basic
unit of the nervous
system. It is also called as
neurons. These are like
cables that carry
electrical impulses
between your brain and
the rest of your body.
THE NERVE CELL
 Dendrites carry
impulse towards the
cell body.

Axons carry impulses

away from the cell
body.
THE NERVE CELL
The nerve impulse is a
combination of an electric
charge and a chemical
reaction. It is an
electrochemical signal
moving along a neuron.
THE NERVE IMPULSE
 When a nerve
impulse comes to
the end of an axon,
it produces the
chemical, called
neurotransmitter.
THE NERVE IMPULSE
 The neurotransmitter
crosses the space
between neurons
called synapse and
stimulates the nerve
impulse to start in the
next dendrite. THE NERVE IMPULSE
Stimulus – is any factor
in the environment that
may trigger a nerve
impulse.

Response – a reaction to
a stimulus. THE NERVE IMPULSE