SCHOOL OF OUR LADY OF ATOCHA, INC.

Magsaysay, Alicia, Isabela

Elementary Department

The Nervous
System

Jenny D. Navarro
Subject Teacher
 Nervous system
 A network of cells and tissues
that controls the thoughts,
movements, and life processes.
 It controls the different parts of
your body.
 Nervous System

Central Nervous System Peripheral Nervous

(CNS) System (PNS)

Brain and Spinal Cranial and

Cord spinal nerves
 PNS is a network of nerves that transmits
messages to the CNS.
 It links CNS to muscles and other organs.

 CNS (command center) interprets messages

relayed by the nerves and transmits them to
other organs in the body.
Sensory receptors
 specialized cells that detect changes in the
environment and convert these changes into
electrical signals that can be processed by the
nervous system.
 occur in specialized organs such as the eyes, ears,
nose, mouth,and skin as well as internal organs.
 Effector cells
 A muscle cell or gland cell that performs the body's
responses to stimuli; responds to signals from the
brain or other processing center of the nervous
system.
 A cell that performs a specific function in response
to a stimulus.
Nervous System performs important functions:
 It collects and receives information from inside the
body and from the outside environment to facilitate
response.
 Responses are elicited due to the receptors found on
the sense organs.
 Receptors receive different information from the
environment.
Nervous System performs important functions:
 It directs thought processes like memory,
intelligence, and learning.
 These are just few of the complex functions of the
nervous system.

 It controls movement and balance.

 Self-Check

 A. Complete the statements by writing the missing

term or information.
 B. Explain the functions of the nervous system.
Neurons
 Neurons
 a nerve cell that is the basic building block of the
nervous system.
 They store information and carry messages within the
nervous system and between other body systems.
 Neurons are specialized to transmit information
throughout the body.
 Cell body

 It contains the nucleus,

which houses the neuron’s
genetic information.

 The nucleus tells the cell what type of signals and impulses
to send out.
 Dendrites
 branchlike extensions on
the cell body
 It receive messages from other neurons.
 Nerve impulses travel along the dendrite to the cell body.

 Dendrites is the receiving part of the neuron.

 Dendrites receive synaptic inputs from axons.
 Axon
 a long, tail-like
structure

 It joins the cell body at a

specialized junction called the axon
hillock.
 It carries electrical messages away from the cell body and
passes them to other cells.
 Sensory neuron
 Sends information
from the environment
(sensory receptors)
toward the brain and
spinal cord (CNS)

 nerve cells that are activated by sensory input from the

environment
 Motor Neuron
 Carry messages away from
the brain or spinal cord (CNS)
to your muscles or glands
causing them to react or
move
 use the information gathered by sensory neurons and
translate it into action in your muscles and gland.
 Interneuron
 neural intermediaries
found in your brain and
spinal cord.
 Sends information between
sensory neurons and motor
neurons.
 Most interneurons are located in
the CNS.
 How Impulse Travels
 Information from one
neuron flows to another
neuron across a synapse.

 Synapse – small gap at the end of a neuron that allows a

signal to pass from one neuron to the next.
 Nerve impulses travel from one dendrite to an axon to the
next neuron.
 When stimulated, axon releases
acetylcholine -neurotransmitter
(a substance that transmits
nerve impulses).

 Acetylcholine molecules diffuse across the synapse.

 Special receptors at the tip of dendrites of the next neuron

bind with acetylcholine.
 Thus, transmission of messages continues.