ACTIVITY 1

WHAT
AM I?
I am a pair of spongy, air-filled
organs located on either side of the
chest. I allow taking in oxygen and
breathing out carbon dioxide. What
am I?
ANSWER:

LUNGS
I am an organ system that distributes
vital elements such as oxygen and
nutrients. At the same time, I also
transport gaseous wastes away from
the body. What am I?
ANSWER:

CIRCULATORY
SYSTEM
I am made up of organs in the body
that help in gas exchange. I breathe
oxygen in and expel carbon dioxide.
What am I?
 ANSWER:

RESPIRATORY
SYSTEM
I am the basic unit of structure and
function of all organisms. I may be
very small but I can do what all
living things can. What am I?
ANSWER:

CELLS
I am an organ system that is
responsible for getting food into the
body. I also make use of nutrients
from food to keep the body healthy.
What am I?
 ANSWER:

DIGESTIVE
SYSTEM
I am a hollow muscular organ, about
the size of your fist located in the
middle of your chest between the
lungs. I also pump the blood
throughout the body. What am I?
ANSWER:

HEART
 ACTIVITY 2

ODD ORGAN
OUT
NERVOUS
SYSTEM
 NERVOUS SYSTEM
 Connects the body parts and transmits
signals from one part to another.
 System of cells, tissues and organs that
regulates the body’s responses to
internal and external stimuli
 ACTIVITY 3

WORD
SEARCH
Major Divisions and
Parts of the Nervous
System
1. Central Nervous System (CNS)
 main processing center for the entire
nervous system.
 Two (2) components: Brain and Spinal
Cord
1. Central Nervous System (CNS)

BRAIN
 an organ located within the skull that
functions as organizer and distributor of
information for the body
 Three (3) main parts: cerebrum,
cerebellum, brain stem
1. Central Nervous System (CNS)

Cerebrum
 large, upper part of the brain that
controls activity and thought.
 Largest part of the brain
 Initiates and coordinates movement and
regulates temperature
CEREBRAL CORTEX
 Outer gray matter covering of the cerebrum
 Comprises about half of the brain’s weight
 Divided into 2 halves: right hemisphere and left
hemisphere
HEMISPHERES OF THE BRAIN
 Left Hemisphere
 Right Hemisphere

• Communicate with one another through the Corpus

Callosum, a large, C-shaped structure of white matter
and nerve pathways.
 CEREBRAL LOBES
 Frontal Lobe
 Parietal Lobe
 Temporal Lobe
 Occipital Lobe
FRONTAL LOBE
 Largest lobe of the brain
 Involved in personality characteristics, decision-
making and movement
 Recognition of smell
 Contains Broca’s Area – associated with speech
ability
PARIETAL LOBE
 Middle part of the brain
 Helps person identify objects and understand
spatial relationships
 Involved in interpreting pain and touch in the
body
 Houses Wernicke’s Area – helps brain
understand spoken language
OCCIPITAL LOBE
 Back part of the brain that is involved with vision
TEMPORAL LOBE
 Sides of the brain
 Involved in short-term memory, speech, musical
rhythm and some degree of smell recognition.
1. Central Nervous System (CNS)

Cerebellum
 The part under the cerebrum that controls
posture, balance and coordination
 “little brain”
 Two (2) hemispheres: Inner and Outer
Area
 HEMISPHERES OF CEREBELLUM
 Outer Area – contains neurons
 Inner Area – communicates with the cerebral cortex
1. Central Nervous System (CNS)

Brain Stem
 the part that connects the brain to the
spinal cord and controls automatic
functions such as breathing, digestion,
heart rate, and blood pressure.
 Parts of Brainstem
1. Midbrain
2. Pons
3. Medulla
MIDBRAIN
 Mesencephalon
 Facilitates hearing and movement, calculating
responses and environmental changes.
 Contains substantia nigra, an area affected by
Parkinson’s Disease
PONS
 Enable activities such as tear production, chewing,
blinking, focusing vision, balance, hearing and facial
expression.
MEDULLA
 Where the brain meets the spinal cord
 Function includes: heart rhythm, breathing, blood
flow, and oxygen and carbon dioxide levels
 Produces reflexive activities (sneezing, vomiting,
coughing and swallowing)
1. Central Nervous System (CNS)

SPINAL CORD
 Serves as a channel for signals between
the brain and the rest of the body, and
controls simple musculoskeletal
reflexes without input from the brain.
2. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
 connects the central nervous system to
the organs and limbs.
 Two (2) main divisions: somatic
nervous system and autonomic nervous
system
2. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

A. Somatic Nervous System

 associated with the voluntary control of
body movements
 Two (2) main parts: spinal nerves and
cranial nerves.
2. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Spinal Nerves
 nerves that carry motor and sensory
signals between the spinal cord and the
body
2. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Cranial Nerves
 nerve fibers that carry information into
and out of the brain stem
2. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

B. Autonomic Nervous System

 associated with the involuntary control
of body movements
 Two (2) subdivisions: sympathetic and
parasympathetic.
2. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Sympathetic
 activated when the body is in a dynamic
role or stress. (e.g., increased heart rate
and breathing, dilation of pupil,
sweating, etc.)
2. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Parasympathetic
 maintains body functions and restores
the body to normal or relaxed mode.
NERVE CELL
 Basic unit of
nervous
system
 AKA
“neurons”
 DENDRITES vs. AXONS
 Dendrites - carry impulses towards the
cell body
 Axons - carry impulses away from the
cell body; pass impulses to dendrites of
other neurons or cell body of muscle
cells.
PARTS OF NERVE
CELLS (NEURONS)
 SOMA (CELL BODY)
 Neuron’s life support
 DENDRITES
 Bushy, branch-like things projecting out
from the soma
 The “listeners”
 AXON
 Long extension of fiber which can be
super short or run a full meter from the
spine to the ankle.
 Transmit electrical impulses away from
the cell body to other cells.
FACTS ABOUT
NEURONS
 Neurons are some of
the longest-lived cells
in the body.
 Neurons are
irreplaceable.
Neurons have huge
appetites.
TYPES OF
NEURONS
 TYPES OF NEURONS
 Motor Neurons
 Sensory Neurons
 MOTOR NEURONS
 transmit impulses from the brain to
muscles, glands, or other neurons in the
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS).
 SENSORY NEURONS
 transmit impulses from sensory nerves
(receptor cells) to the Central Nervous
System (CNS)
 NERVE IMPULSE
 combination of an electrical charge and
a chemical reaction
 an electrochemical signal moving along
a neuron.
 NERVE IMPULSE
 cannot jump from one neuron to
another. When a nerve impulse comes
to the end of an axon, it produces the
chemical, called neurotransmitter, to
be released.
STIMULUS
vs.
RESPONSE
 STIMULUS
 Any factor in the environment that may
trigger response.
 RESPONSE
 Reaction to a stimulus
 HOW DO
MESSAGES TRAVEL
IN OUR BRAIN?
 REACTION TIME
 length of time between application of a
stimulus and detection of a response.
 ACTIVITY 4

HOW FAST IS
YOUR
REACTION?
HOW DOES THE
NERVOUS
SYSTEM WORK?
 ACTIVITY 4

A NERVOUS
TRIP