How Fast is your Reaction?

• Measure the length of time of response to catch a dropped object.

• The teacher will hold a metric ruler at its end with the highest
number in cm.
• Place the thumb and forefinger close to, but not touching the end
with the lowest number.
• When the teacher drops the ruler, try to catch it between your
thumb and finger.
• To convert the centimeters to seconds just multiply it by o.o1.
 The Nerve Cell
The basic unit of the nervous system is the nerve
cell. Nerve cells are called neurons. there are
billions of neurons in the body. Some exist alone,
others are joined together to form organs like the
brain and spinal cord.
•There are 12 to 14 billions of neurons in one part of
the brain alone. A neuron has a cell body containing
the nucleus

•Dendrites- carry impulses towards the cell body. A

cell may have as many as 200 dendrites carrying
impulses towards the cell body. A single dendrite can
be over one meter long.

•Axons- carry impulses away from the cell body.

Axons pass impulses to the dendrites of their neurons
or cell body of muscle cells. Axons can be grouped
together into cable-like bundles called nerves.
 The •Eyes
nervous •Ears
system is •Nose
assisted by •Tongue
five sense
•Skin
organ
 The Nerve Impulse
A nerve impulse is a combination of an electrical charges
and a chemical reaction. A nerve impulse is not a flow of
electricity, but an electrochemical signal moving along a
neuron.
 Objective

At the end of this topic, students are expected to:

• Describe the parts of the nervous system along with their
functions.
 The Nervous System

The nervous system connects all your

body types and transmits signals from one
part to another.

It is the system of cells, tissues, and

organs that regulates the body’s
responses to internal and external stimuli.

Each part of the nervous system has a

specific role as it functions as an important
part of the system.
 • Receiving sensory input
• Integrating information
Functions of the • Controlling muscle and glands
Nervous System • Maintaining homeostasis
• Establishing and maintaining
mental activity
 Major Divisions and Parts of the Nervous System
1. Central Nervous System (CNS)
The CNS serves as the main processing center for the
entire nervous system. It consist of two main
components.

a. Brain- this is the organ located within the skull

that functions as organizer and distributor of
information for the body.
Cerebrum- large, upper part of the brain that
controls activity and thought.
Cerebellum- that part under the cerebrum that
controls posture, balance, and coordination.
Brian Stem- the part that connects the brain to
the spinal cord and controls automatic
functions such as breathing, digestion, heart
rate, and blood pressure.
 2. Spinal Cord

This serves as a chemical channel for

signals between the brain and the rest
of the body, and controls simple
musculoskeletal reflexes without input
from the brain.

Also carries message back and forth

between the brain and the nerves that
run throughout the body.
Peripheral Nervous System
(PNS)
The PNS connects the central
nervous system to the organs and
limbs . It has two main divisions:
1. Somatic Nervous System
this system is associated with the voluntary control of the body
movements and has two main parts:

Spinal Nerves Cranial Nerves

• The nerves that carry • The nerve fibers that
motor and sensory carry information into
signals between the and out of the brain
spinal cord and the body. system.
2. Autonomic Nervous System
this system is associated with the involuntary control of the
body movement and has two subdivision:

Sympathetic
It is activated when the body
is in a dynamic role or
stress.
Example: increased heart
rate and breathing, dilation
of pupils, and sweating, etc.)
Parasympathetic
It maintains body functions
and restores the body to
normal or relaxed mode.
Fight or Flight
1. Central nervous system
2. Peripheral nervous system
3. Spinal cord
4. Somatic nervous system
5. Cerebellum
6. Brainstem
7. Spinal nerves
8. Sympathetic
9. Parasympathetic