NERVOUS

SYSTEM
RELATED TOPICS:

NERVOUS SYSTEM  2 TYPES OF PNS

Autonomic Nervous System
 3 MAIN PARTS OF THE NERVE CELL
Somatic Nervous System
Cell body
Axon  PARTS OF CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
Dendrites BRAIN (FOREBRAIN, MIDBRAIN, HINDBRAIN)

DIFFERENT TYPES OF THE NERVE CELL CEREBRUM AND CEREBELLUM

Sensory Nerve Cells SPINAL CORD
Motor Nerve Cells NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES
DIVISION OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
CNS and PNS
 NERVOUS SYSTEM

Nervous system links all your body parts and carries signals from one part to
another.

Our nervous system regulates body functions, such as breathing, and enables
different parts of your body to work together smoothly.
 NERVE CELL

 The basic unit of communication in the nervous system.

 Nerve cells are specialized for carrying information in the form of electrical
signals called nerve impulses.
THREE MAIN PARTS OF THE NERVE CELL

 Cell body – also known as soma, the cell body is the neuron’s core.
Maintains the nerve cell’s structure, and provides energy to drive
activities.
 Axon – relays information to other nerve cells.

Dendrites – receives signals from other nerve cells.

NERVE CELL
 THREE KINDS OF NERVE CELL
 Sensory nerve cell – are the nerve cells that are activated by sensory input from
the environment.

 Motor nerve cell – motor neurons of the spinal cord are part of the central
nervous system and connect to muscles, glands and organs throughout the body.
These neurons transmit impulses from the spinal cord to skeletal and smooth muscles
(such as those in your stomach), and so directly control all of our muscle movements.

 Associated nerve cell – in the brain and spinal cord connect sensory nerve cells
to motor nerve cells.
 DIVISION OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM

1. Peripheral Nervous System

Two types of PNS
 Autonomic Nervous System
 Somatic Nervous System

2.Central Nervous System

Consists of the brain and spinal cord
 PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
The primary function of the peripheral nervous system is to connect the brain and spinal cord to the rest
of the body and the external environment. The peripheral nervous system transmits information back and
forth between CNS and muscles, organs, and senses in the periphery of the body.

Two types of Peripheral Nervous System

1. Autonomic Nervous System
• Part of the peripheral nervous system that controls the glands, heart muscle, and smooth
muscle.

2. Somatic Nervous System

• The division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the body’s skeletal muscles,
voluntary actions.
• Nerves send information to the brain from body’s various detector.
PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

 Divisions of the autonomic nervous system:

 Parasympathetic division –  The parasympathetic system aims to
maintain normal bodily functions by decreasing activity/maintaining it.

 Sympathetic - mostly comes into play during times when the body feels it
needs to respond to threatening stimuli. This response is called the 
fight-or-flight response. 
 CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

 CNS connects the sensory and motor fibers within

nervous system. Composed of: brain and spinal cord.

BRAIN – constitute 70% of the Nervous system.

Types of the brain:
1. Forebrain
2. Midbrain
3. Hindbrain
 Forebrain – occupies the entire portion of the skull.
- is home to sensory processing, endocrine
structures, and higher reasoning.

Midbrain - is the smallest region in the brain. Helps to

relay information for vision and hearing.

 Hindbrain -  is located at the back of the head and looks

like an extension of the spinal cord.
- Its main functions include sleep, respiration,
motor coordination and organization, and
reflexes.
 FOREBRAIN

Cerebrum – seat of intelligence,

concerned with voluntary actions.
- Consists of two
hemisphere.

 Cerebral cortex - the largest part

of the brain, outer layer of
cerebrum
 FOREBRAIN
 Thalamus - is a small structure within the brain
located just above the brain stem between the
cerebral cortex and the midbrain and has extensive
nerve connections to both. Relay sensory impulses
to specific areas in cerebral cortex.

 Hypothalamus – The hypothalamus is located on

the undersurface of the brain. It lies just below the
thalamus and above the pituitary gland. Control
body temperature, metabolism , hunger and thirst,
emotional behavior.
 MIDBRAIN
 It is located within the brainstem and between the
two other developmental regions of the brain, the
forebrain and the hindbrain .
 Helps to regulate movement and process auditory
and visual in formation
 HINDBRAIN
 It is present at the backside of the brain.

Three parts of the Hindbrain: cerebellum, pons, and

medulla oblonga

 CEREBELLUM - located at the back

side of the head.
- involve in learning and
memory storage and for
showing different behavior.
- controls the body balance.
 HINDBRAIN

 PONS – “pons” means bridge in Latin. The

rounded region between the midbrain and the
medulla oblonga.

- Relays sensory information to

cerebellum.

- Involved in control of sleep cycles.

 MEDULLA OBLONGA

 Located at base of our brain, where the brain

stem connects the brain to your spinal cord.
 It plays a big role in passing messages
between our spinal cord and brain.
 SPINAL CORD
 It is a long, thin bundle of nervous tissue and
connected to the brain and located along your back
and neck.
 The spinal cord receives and transmits electrical
signals throughout the entire body and then back
to the brain.