Nervous System

Presented by G3
 Topic
Topic 1: Central Nervous System

Topic 2: Peripheral Nervous System

 This is the
Nervous System
 Background
How the Nervous System Works
-The nervous system is a complex network of neurons that
sends and receives signals throughout the body.
~It has two main parts: the central nervous system (CNS) and
the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
-The nervous system performs four main functions: reception,
integration, perception, and action.
-It also regulates vital functions such as breathing, heartbeat,
digestion, sleep, learning, memory, emotions, and stress.
Central nervous system
The CNS consists of the brain and the spinal
cord, which process and coordinate sensory
and motor information.
Peripheral nervous system
The PNS connects the CNS to the rest of the
body, and includes the cranial and spinal nerves,
and the autonomic and somatic systems.
Central Nervous System (CNS)

The CNS is made of 2 major structures.

1.Brain
2.Spinal cord
Central Nervous System (CNS)
The brain is found in a skull.
There are 6 main sections among other structures with it.
-Cerebrum
-Cerebellum
-Diencephalon
-Midbrain
-Pons
-Medulla Oblonggata
Central Nervous System (CNS)
1st section of the brain.
Cerebrum
-Largest Section
-is divided into 2 Hemisphere
~left hemisphere
~right hemisphere
 Central Nervous System (CNS)
Cerebrum
-this is divided into 4 lobes
~this 4 lobes are the FRONTAL
~Parietal
~Temporal
~Occipital
*Frontal- Reasoning and thought.
*Parietal- Integrates sensory information.
*Temporal- Process Auditory information from the ears.
*Occipital- Processing visual information from the eyes.
 Central Nervous System (CNS)
2nd section of the brain.
Cerebellum
*Located below the cerebrum and
above the 1st cervical of the neck.
*it is responsible for Muscle
coordination, balance, posture, and
muscle tone.
 Central Nervous System (CNS)
3rd section of the brain.
Diencephalon
*is found between the cerebrum and the
midbrain.
*it contain 2 structures
-Thalamus
-Hypothalamus
Thalamus- this directs sensory impulses to the cerebrum.
Hypothalamus- controls and regulates temperature, appetite, water, balance,
sleep, and blood vessel constriction and dilation.
 Central Nervous System (CNS)
3rd section of the brain.
Diencephalon
*is found between the cerebrum and the
midbrain.
*it contain 2 structures
-Thalamus
-Hypothalamus
Thalamus- this directs sensory impulses to the cerebrum.
Hypothalamus- controls and regulates temperature, appetite, water, balance,
sleep, and blood vessel constriction and dilation.
-this also play a role in emotion such as anger, fear, pleasure, pain, and affection.
Central Nervous System (CNS)
4th section of the brain.
Midbrain
*Located below cerebrum
*responsible for eye and auditory
reflexes
5th section of the brain.
Pons
*Located below midbrain.
*Responsible for certain reflex actions, such as chewing, tasting, and
saliva production
Central Nervous System (CNS)
5th section of the brain.
Medulla Oblongata
*Located at the bottom of the brain stem.
*it connects with the spinal cord.
*it is responsible for regulating blood vessel function
*digestion
*respiration
*swallowing
*coughing
*sneezing
*blood pressure
-it is also known as “the center of respiration”
 Central Nervous System (CNS)
The Spinal Cord Efferent Afferent
*The spinal cord is the link between the brain and the
nerves in the rest of the body.
*this is divided into 4 different regions
-cervical -lumbar
-thoracic -spinal nerves (Afferent & Efferent)
*Afferent- Carries information from the body to the brain.
*Efferent- Carries information from brain to body
Peripheral Nervous system
How the PNS Connects and Protects Us
*The peripheral nervous system (PNS) is like a network of wires that connects your brain
and spinal cord to the rest of your body and the outside world.
*PNS consists of SNS and ANS, controlling voluntary and involuntary functions
respectively.
*PNS has cranial and spinal nerves that connect brain and spinal cord to other body
parts.
*The PNS also has specialized nerve endings called receptors that detect stimuli such as
light, sound, temperature, pressure, and pain. These receptors send signals to the
CNS, which then processes and responds to them.
Peripheral Nervous System (CNS)
*it is subdivided into 2 smaller system
-Somatic Nervous System (SNS)
Efferent Afferent
-Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

*Somatic Nervous System (ANS)

-this is responsible for nearly all voluntary action such as
walking.
-this is responsible for carrying motor and sensory
information.
-the structures that allow this
-It is made up of nerves that connect to skin, sensory organs,
communication to happen between the
and skeletal muscles. nerves throughout the body in the central
-processes sensory information from external stimuli. nervous system are known as the
(hearing, touch and sight.) afferent sensory neurons and the
Efferent motor neurons.
Peripheral Nervous System (CNS)
*Afferent sensory neurons Efferent Afferent
-conducting inward
-afferent neurons take information from the nerves to the
central nervous system.
*Efferent motor neurons
-conducting outward
-Efferent neurons take information from the central
nervous system to the muscle fibers throughout the body.
The Autonomic Nervous system
-this is far divided into 2
~Sympathetic ~Parasympathetic
Sympathetic- revs up the body to either defend yourself or escape the threat.
Parasympathetic- Brings the system of the body back to notmal.
 Recap
The nervous system 2 major structures of CNS
-coordinates all activities of the -brain
body. -spinal cord
-responds and adapts to changes 6 sections of the brain
2 major parts of nervous system; -Cerebrum -Midbrain
-Peripheral nervous system -Cerebellum -Pons
-central nervous system -Diencephalon -Medulla Oblangata
 Recap
Spinal Cord
Peripheral Nervous System
-the link between the brain and the
-the nervous system outside the
nerves.
brain and spinal cord.
4 regions of spinal cord
2 smaller system of PNS
-Cervical -Lumbar
-Somatic nervous system
-Thoracic -Afferent & Efferent
-autonomic nervous system.
spinal nerves
Question
Time