BODY REGULATION

NERVOUS SYSTEM
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
NERVOUS SYSTEM
LESSON 1
OBJECTIVES

STATE THE IMPORTANCE OF

HOMEOSTASIS IN THE BODY.
IDENTIFY THE PARTS OF THE NERVOUS
SYSTEM AND THEIR FUNCTIONS.
ASSESS YOUR PRIOR KNOWLEDGE

HOW DOES THE NERVOUS SYSTEM KEEP

YOU ALIVE?
HOW WILL YOU COMPARE THE HUMAN
BRAIN TO A COMPUTER?
ASSESS YOUR PRIOR KNOWLEDGE

HOW DOES YOUR BODY RESPOND TO

STIMULI?
NERVOUS SYSTEM

NERVOUS SYSTEM CONNECTS ALL YOUR BODY

PARTS AND TRANSMITS SIGNALS FROM ONE PART
TO ANOTHER.
IT IS A SYSTEM OF CELLS, TISSUES, AND ORGANS
THAT REGULATES THE BODY’S RESPONSES TO
INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL STIMULI.
FUNCTIONS:

 IT SERVES AS THE CENTER OF ALL MENTAL ACTIVITIES, INCLUDING

LEARNING, MEMORY, THINKING, AND ORAL SPEECH.
 IT RECEIVES, EXAMINES, AND PROCESSES DATA AND INITIATES
APPROPRIATE RESPONSES.
 IT CONTROLS AND REGULATES ALL ACTIVITIES WITHIN THE HUMAN
BODY.
 IT COORDINATES THE FUNCTIONS OF ALL THE OTHER ORGANS IN
THE BODY.
TERMS
BRAIN
STIMULI
HOMEOSTASIS
REFLEX
SPINAL CORD
 NEURON
STIMULUS

ANYTHING THAT EVOKES A

PERSON REACTION.
REFLEX

AN INVOLUNTARY AND AUTOMATIC

RESPONSE TO A STIMULUS.
HOMEOSTASIS
The body’s ability to maintain constant internal
equilibrium by adjusting its physiological
process.
The nervous and endocrine systems are the main
mechanisms by which homeostasis is sustained
in the body.
NEURON
THE BASIC CELLULAR UNIT OF THE
NERVOUS SYSTEM. IT TRANSMIT
IMPULSES TO AND FROM THE
VARIOUS PARTS OF THE NERVOUS
SYSTEM.
PARTS OF A NEURON
 Anatomy of a Neuron
Each neuron contains:
- Cell body with nucleus
- Dendrites : fibers that
receive messages from
other neurons
- Axons : fibers that send
messages to other
neurons
• Neurons do NOT touch;
there is a gap between
them called a synapse

• Messages are sent across

the synapses by special
chemicals called
neurotransmitters
TYPES OF NEURONS

SENSORY (AFFERENT) NEURONS-

RECEIVE INFORMATION AND SEND
IMPULSES TO THE SPINAL CORD OR THE
BRAIN.
TYPES OF NEURONS

MOTOR (EFFERENT) NEURONS-

CONDUCT IMPULSES FROM THE BRAIN
OR THE SPINAL CORD TO MUSCLE OR
GLANDS THROUGHOUT THE BODY.
TYPES OF NEURONS

INTERNEURONS- RELAY IMPULSES OR

INFORMATION FROM THE SENSORY
NEURONS TO THE MOTOR NEURONS.
NERVOUS SYSTEM
Two Major Divisions
of the Nervous
System
 Central Nervous System
Brain : a mass of 100
billion neurons located
inside the skull

-Learning occurs as more

and stronger
connections are made
between neurons
 Anatomy of the Brain
Cerebrum : largest part of
human brain
- Responsible for:
- Thought
- Language
- Senses
- Memory
- Voluntary movement
 Anatomy of the Brain
Cerebellum : at base of
brain
-Responsible for:
- Muscle coordination
- Balance
- Posture
 Anatomy of the Brain
Brain Stem : connects
brain to spinal cord
-Responsible for:
- Breathing
- Swallowing
- Heartbeat
- Blood pressure
 Central Nervous System
Spinal Cord : Column of
nerves from brain to
tailbone – protected by
vertebrae of spine

- Responsible for:
- Conducting
impulses between the
brain and the rest of
the body

*Impulses may travel as

fast at 268 miles/hr
 Peripheral Nervous System

Nerves : visible
bundles of axons
and dendrites that
extend from the
brain and spinal
cord to all other
parts of the body
-Responsibilities:
- Sensory nerves - carry
messages from body to
brain (pain, pressure,
temperature)

- Motor nerves – carry

messages from brain to
body to respond