LET’S PLAY!

OF
ACTION RELAY MECHANICS

1. The class will be divided into 4 groups

2. The first person on the line will pick a word to
be acted by the group
3. He/ she will show the next in line how to
perform the same activity that the previous
person did.
4. From there people will perform what they
remembered from the previous person.
5. The last member will guess the word based
LET’S PLAY!

OF
OBJECTIVES:

1. Describe how the nervous system

coordinates and regulates feedback
mechanisms to maintain homeostasis
2. Identify and compare the roles of the two
major parts of the Nervous System
3. Classify the types of neurons according
to their function
4. Identify the different diseases of the
BODY REGULATORS
Body
Regulators
Communicate through

Endocrine Nervous
System System
Divided into
Consist of

Glands that secrete Peripheral NS Central NS

hormones
Divided into Consist of
Autonomic NS Somatic NS

Spinal Cord Brain

Sympathetic Parasympathetic
Mechanism Mechanism
BODY REGULATORS
NERVOUS SYSTEM

NERVOUS SYSTEM
- Serves as the center of all
mental activities
- It receives, examines and
processes data and responses
- It controls and regulates all
activities within the human body
- With the help of the endocrine
system, it regulates and
maintains homeostasis
NERVOUS SYSTEM

STIMULUS Q: How then HOMEOSTASIS

Anything the body Body’s ability to
that evokes handle all maintain constant
these stimuli
a person’s internal equilibrium by
and still
reaction. manage to adjusting its
 NERVOUS SYSTEM

What is the basic functional unit of the nervous

NEURON system?TYPES OF NEURONS
1. Sensory (afferent) Neurons – receive
information and send impulses to the
spinal cord or the brain.
2. Interneurons – relay impulses from
sensory to motor neurons.
- It transmits impulses to
3. Motor (efferent) Neurons – conduct
and from the various
impulses from the brain or the spinal
parts of the nervous cord to muscles or glands.
system.
NERVOUS SYSTEM

How neurons move from one to another?

SYNAPSE SYNAPSE- is a space
which allows the neurons
to move from one to
another.

NEUROTRANSMITTER- a
chemical messenger that
helps in transporting
NERVOUS SYSTEM

PARTS AND STRUCTURE OF A NEURON

AXON- is a part of a neuron that
carries nerve impulses away
from the cell body to be received
by other neurons.
DENDRITES- receive impulse
from other neurons and carry
those signals to the cell body.
SOMA- maintain the cell and to
keep the neuron functioning
NERVOUS SYSTEM

Hormones that enable the propagation of nerve

impulses from the synapse
Acetylcholine -carries signals from motor neurons to skeletal muscles.

Norepinephrine- how our body respond to stress

Dopamine – related to muscular activity

Serotonin – mood regulation, consciousness and emotions.

Melatonin – regulates sleep and wake cycles.
MAJOR DIVISIONS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

Is composed of the brain and the
spinal cord.

PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

Made up of 12 pairs of cranial
nerves from the brain and 31
pairs of spinal nerves from
spinal cord.
NERVOUS SYSTEM
NERVOUS SYSTEM

BRAIN - largest mass of nervous

tissue composed of
billions of nerve cells
- composed of chambers or
ventricles filled with
cerebrospinal fluid
- it is divided into three
regions: the forebrain,
midbrain, and hindbrain.
NERVOUS SYSTEM

BRAIN
NERVOUS SYSTEM
Major Divisions of the Brain
1. FOREBRAIN
2. MIDBRAIN
3. HINDBRAIN
NERVOUS SYSTEM
FOREBRAIN
CEREBRUM
It is the seat of intelligence; responsible for
thinking, learning emotions, consciousness, and
voluntary movements.
DIENCEPHALON(THALAMUS AND HYPOTHALAMUS)
• HYPOTHALAMUS functions in maintaining blood pressure, body
temperature, feeding activities emotions, and fight or flight responses;
it also serves as the link between the nervous and endocrine system
• THALAMUS acts as a relay center for sensory impulse; serves as the
operator, sends messages to the other parts of the brain
NERVOUS SYSTEM

TELENCEPHALON LOBES
• FRONTAL LOBE : These lobes function in voluntary muscle movement,
memory, thinking, decision-making, and planning.
• PARIETAL LOBE: the primary sensory area
which interprets senses of smell and taste.
These lobes also contain the
somatosensory cortex.
• OCCIPITAL LOBE: Responsible for receiving
and processing visual information from the
retina.
• TEMPORAL LOBE: the association area for
what is being heard
NERVOUS SYSTEM
MIDBRAIN
• The name comes from the Greek mesos,
"middle", and enkephalos, "brain".
• The midbrain serves important functions in
motor movement, particularly movements
of the eye, and in auditory and visual
processing.
• The midbrain or mesencephalon is
associated with vision, hearing, motor
control, sleep and wakefulness, arousal
(alertness), and temperature regulation.
NERVOUS SYSTEM
HINDBRAIN
PONS
It serve as the bridge to the midbrain. It is
responsible for sleep regulation.

CEREBELLUM
It coordinates fine muscle movement and balance.
Extensive damage to the cerebellum can cause
inability to stand up.

MEDULLA OBLONGATA
It is responsible for maintaining upright position and
most involuntary functions (breathing, circulation
and respiration).
NERVOUS SYSTEM

SPINAL
CORD
NERVOUS SYSTEM

SPINAL CORD Serves as the pathway of nerve impulses

going to or coming from the brain.

The three primary roles of the spinal cord

A. send motor commands from the brain
to the body
B. send sensory information from the
body to the brain and
C. coordinate reflexes.
NERVOUS SYSTEM
NERVOUS SYSTEM

PERIPHERAL
NERVOUS SYSTEM

These nerves form the communication network between the

CNS and the body parts.

The peripheral nervous system is further subdivided into the

somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system.
NERVOUS SYSTEM

SOMATIC NS AUTONOMIC NS

VS

It control body’s It control the involuntary

voluntary movement movement of glands and
such as skeletal and muscles of internal
muscle movement organs such as heart
NERVOUS SYSTEM

AUTONOMIC NS
NERVOUS SYSTEM
NERVOUS SYSTEM
NERVOUS SYSTEM
ENCEPHALITIS
It is the inflammation of the brain, mostly
caused by viruses. Though rare, it is a serious
condition and needs urgent treatment in
hospital.
Usually caused by a virus such as herpes
simplex virus (HSV) and in rare cases caused
by bacteria and amoeba.
Certain antiviral drugs and corticosteroids are
used to treat encephalitis
NERVOUS SYSTEM
MININGITIS
Meningitis is an inflammation (swelling) of the
protective membranes covering the brain and
spinal cord.

A bacterial or viral infection of the fluid

surrounding the brain and spinal cord usually
causes the swelling.

Antiviral medicine may help people with

meningitis caused by viruses such as herpes
virus and influenza.
NERVOUS SYSTEM

ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE
Alzheimer's is a type of dementia that affects
memory, thinking and behavior.

Patients experience decrease in their brain

size, which results from the degeneration of
brain cells.

There's currently no cure for Alzheimer's

disease. But there is medicine available that
can temporarily reduce the symptoms.
NERVOUS SYSTEM

EPILEPSY
Epilepsy is sometimes called a seizure disorder,
involuntary movement and loss of
consciousness
Causes can be related to genetic abnormalities,
prior brain infection, prenatal injuries or
developmental disorders
There's currently no cure for this disease,
some available medication and special diets to
reduce the frequent attacks
NERVOUS SYSTEM

PARKINSON’S DISEASE
is a brain disorder that causes unintended or
uncontrollable movements, such as shaking,
stiffness, and difficulty with balance and
coordination.

Parkinson's disease is caused by a loss of

nerve cells in the part of the brain called the
substantia nigra.