[1st semester WORKSHEET no6.] Unit7 R1.

SUPERBUGS 이름: ___________________ 학번 : ______________

SUPERBUGS (p.136-141)
1. Pre-reading Questions
Do you think the world’s population is healthier now than a hundred years ago? Why or why not?
2. Comprehension Check A. 다음 문항은 서술/서답형 평가 출제에 활용됩니다.

Questions
Q1-1. What are ‘they’ in the first and second lines in the first paragraph? (¶1)
: ‘They’ are superbugs, bacteria that are resistant to medication.
Q1-2. What do you know about superbugs from the first paragraph? (¶1)
① Superbugs are so small/tiny that only with a microscope can you observe them.
② Superbugs are so powerful/deadly/fatal/lethal that they claim the lives of 37,000 people on
average each year in the US. ③ Superbugs have arisen since antibiotics transformed medicine at the
beginning of the twentieth century.
Q2-1. What trait of bacteria makes them deadly to humans? (¶2)
: Confronted with the antibiotics, bacteria evolved with enormous speed.
Q2-2. How are the emergence of superbugs and the use of antibiotics closely intertwined? (¶2)
: Though the majority of the bacteria are destroyed when they are treated with antibiotics, a few of
the toughest bacteria manage to survive and develop resistance to the antibiotics. Because of this
vicious cycle created by antibiotic use, superbugs are created when more potent antibiotics are
required to treat bacterial diseases.
Q3-1. What are ‘all of these factors’ that contribute to the rise and spread of superbugs? (¶3)
First of all, nearly half of all antibiotics are used in vain, meaning that they are rarely
effective/necessary in bacterial infections that would disappear by themselves, or they are never
effective/appropriate in viral infections. Secondly, bacteria might become stronger when the course
of medication is not finished.
Q4-1. What are the reasons of farmers using antibiotics for livestock?
: Farmers use antibiotics not only to prevent the spread of infection among animals living in crowded
conditions, but also to grow them quickly to weigh more.

Q4-2. What does ‘such non-therapeutic use of antibiotics’ refer to? And what is the side effect of this practice?
: Such non-therapeutic use of antibiotics means using antibiotics to animals to make them gain weight
fast. Furthermore, such unnecessary use of antibiotics destroys even the beneficial/ helpful bacteria living
in the animals’ digestive system, allowing drug-resistant type of bacteria to thrive/ flourish/ prosper.

Q5. Summarize the 5th paragraph.

: The extensive use of antibiotics over the past decades in both animals and humanity, along with the
subsequent rise in drug-resistant bacteria has spurred ongoing quests for stronger/ more potent
medications, which have had a hard time keeping up with the emergence of new strains of bacteria that
are resistant even to the strongest medication.
Q6. What do the writer suggest to prevent the emergence of stronger superbugs?
: First, we should do take small steps like washing hand regularly.
Second, we should not take/overuse/abuse antibiotics for viral infections or even for mild bacterial
infections.
Third, we should remove/eliminate/get rid of antibiotics from the food chain.
Otherwise, future generation might suffer from the worsened/aggravated situation.
Q6-2. Considering the example of McDonald’s starting to use antibiotic-free chicken, what does the
phrase ’take antibiotics out of the food chain’ mean?
: To reduce or not to use at all antibiotics for livestock/meat that makes up the crucial part of our diet.

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[1st semester WORKSHEET no6.] Unit7 R1. SUPERBUGS 이름: ___________________ 학번 : ______________

2. Comprehension Check
B. Which of the statements below best expresses the main idea of the article?(r교과서 p.140)
a. Bacteria will always find a way to get around antibiotics.
b. Antibiotics in the food chain have led to the spread of drug-resistant bacteria.
c. The misuse of antibiotics is a primary factor in the rise of drug-resistant bacteria.
d. Since our strongest antibiotics are powerless against the lateststrain of bacteria, we should expect
more outbreaks of dangerous diseases.

C. Which discourse pattern best describes the article?

b. compare and/or contrast two or c. describe the causes or

a. describe a process
more things consequences of things
e. describe a system of
d. explain how something works f. relate a series of events
classification

D. Complete the events using the phrase below in the causal chain of drug resistance.

a. medicine ineffective b. weak bacteria die/ strong live c.stronger antibiotics needed

d. a few bacteria e.full course of medicine not f.non-therapeutic use of

get resistant to antibiotics taken antibiotics on livestock

< the causal chain of drug resistance>

(1)a. medicine ineffective æ

(2)e.full course of (5) d. a few bacteria

à (4) b. weak bacteria (6)c. stronger antibiotics
medicine not taken à get resistant to à
(3) f.non-therapeutic die/ strong live needed
antibiotics
use of antibiotics on ä
livestock

3. Discussion Questions
(1) Review the case history for infection caused by superbugs and analyze the cause and effects of the disease.
(2) What are the simple things that we can do to prevent the spread of superbugs in our daily lives?

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[1st semester WORKSHEET no6.] Unit7 R1. SUPERBUGS 이름: ___________________ 학번 : ______________

4. Sentence Practice <분사구문>

Step1. 밑줄 친 부분에 유의하여 다음 문장을 해석하시오.
(¶2) Smaller organisms, such as bacteria, are able to evolve more quickly, adapting as circumstances require.
작은 유기체들은,/ 박테리아와 같은,/ 더 빨리 진화할 수 있다/ 상황이 요구하는대로 적응하면서

(¶2) This sets up a cycle in which increasingly powerful antibiotics are needed to counter bacterial infections,
eventually resulting in the development of superbugs—bacteria able to resist even the most powerful drugs.
이것은 사이클을 형성한다/ 점점 더 강한 항생제들이 필요한/ 박테리아성 감염에 맞서기 위해/ 결국 슈퍼벅스의 발달을
야기하는/ 슈퍼벅스란 가장 강력한 약에도 내성이 있는 박테리아다/

(¶3) In addition, some patients do not finish their course of medication, allowing bacteria to bounce back, but stronger.
게다가, 몇몇 환자들은 약물 치료를 끝내지 않는다/ 이것이 박테리아로 하여금 다시 살아나게끔 하면서/ 더 강하게

Step2. 다음 주어진 의미에 맞게, 주어진 표현들을 활용하여 분사구문을 완성하시오.

(1) Not knowing what to do, the girl handed the coin to the attendant and asked nervously, “want to buy a fresh red rose?”
어찌할 바를 모르고, /그 소녀는 그 동전을 그 직원에게 주고, /불안해하면서 다음과 같이 물었다./ “싱싱한 빨간 장미를 사시겠어요?”
(know/ not/ what to do)

(2) Deprived of sleep at night, our brain can’t function properly, which affects our cognitive abilities and emotional state.
밤에 잠을 빼앗기면/ 우리의 뇌는 제대로 기능하지 못하고/ 이는 인지 능력과 정서 상태에 영향을 미친다. (be/ deprive A of B/ sleep)

(3) (Though) native(=indigenous) to a tropical climate, this leafy tree can survive almost anywhere in the world.
열대기후가 원산지임에도 불구하고/ 이 잎이 무성한 나무는/ 세계 어느 곳에서나 살 수 있다(though/ be/ native to/ a tropical climate)

(4) Henry Matisse came late to painting, having trained/training to be a lawyer to please his father.
앙리 마티스는/ 늦게 회화에 입문했다/ 변호사 훈련을 받느라 /아버지를 기쁘게 해드리기 위해 (train, to be a lawyer)

(5) Matisse left for Paris to study art, (with) his father shouting, “Do you want me to see you starve?”
Matisse가 미술을 공부하려고 파리로 떠날 때,/ 그의 아버지는 소리쳤다/ “넌 네가 굶어 죽는 꼴을 내가 보길 바라냐?”
(his father/ shout)

Step3. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?

Organisms living in the deep sea have adapted to the high pressure by storing water in their bodies,
some ①consisting almost entirely of water. Most deep-sea organisms lack gas bladders. They are

cold-blooded organisms that adjust their body temperature to their environment, allowing them ②to survive

in the cold water while maintaining a low metabolism. Many species lower their metabolism so much that
they are able to survive without food for long periods of time, as finding the spare food ③that is available

expends a lot of energy. Many predatory fish of the deep sea are equipped with enormous mouths and

sharp teeth, enabling them to hold on to prey and overpower ④it. Some predators hunting in the residual
light zone of the ocean ⑤has(->have) excellent visual capabilities, while others are able to create their own

light to attract prey or a mating partner.

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[1st semester WORKSHEET no6.] Unit7 R1. SUPERBUGS 이름: ___________________ 학번 : ______________

5. Vocabulary Notes

문 뜻
단어 예문
단 유의어/반의어
슈퍼버그(항생제로 쉽게 제거되 Journalists refer to a type of bacteria as a superbug
SUPERBUG
지 않는 박테리아) when it cannot be killed by antibiotics.
a. 약물저항성의/약에 내성을 가진
*be resistant/immune to
1.The over-prescription of antibiotics is leading to new
~에 영향받지 않는/내성있는
drug-resistant strains of drug-resistant bacteria.
<->be susceptible/ vulnerable/
2.These plants are resistant to cold temperatures.
prone/ subject/ liable to
~에 취약한, 영향받기 쉬운

1 v.나타나다,출현하다 appear, arise 1.No new evidence emerged during the investigation.
emerge
알려지다,부각되다stand out 2.After the elections opposition groups began to emerge.

v. 급진적 변화를 가져오다

This discovery has revolutionized our understanding of
revolutionize = transform, reform,shake up
change radically and fundametally how the human brain works.
n. 항생제/항생물질
Doctors have been criticized for their indiscriminate
antibiotics cf. antigen 항원(항체 형성하는 세균,독소)
cf. antibody 항체(항원에 대한 면역성 줌) use of antibiotics.

v.뒤얽히다(get entangled)/밀접하게 1.Two plots intertwine to form a intriguing mystery-suspense.

intertwine
관련되다(be closely related) 2.There are passages that intertwine with the subject matter.

v.진화{발달}하다/시키다 = develop, -The eels in the cave didn’t evolve.

evolve
progress, advance, adapt -Each school must evolve its own way of working.
v. 적응/각색/번안하다 -My aim this year is (to) adapt to their culture.
change, transform -Her novels have been adapted for TV drama.
adapt
cf.adopt=choose 채택하다,입양하다 -The writer adapted a foreign novel to Korean
adept=skillful circumstances.
a. 치명적인, 위험한=fatal, lethal 1. It is the world's most deadly snake.
deadly
adv. 죽은 것처럼 2. Her skin was deadly pale

효율(성)/능률
-I was impressed by the efficiency with which she handled the crisis.
efficiency cf.effective 효과적인
effectual유효한=effective, successful -The two companies consolidated for greater efficiency.

-을 싸워 물리치다(repel) -Your body has an immune system to fight off germs.

2 fight off
cf. ward off/ fend off (방어적으로)피하다 -Coffee fights off sleepiness.
감염/감염병
contamination(오염, 감염) -AIDS lowers the body’s resistance to infection.
infection
contagion (전염(병)) -The risk of infection is appreciably higher among children.
cf. disinfectant 소독제
1.번식하다 = breed 1.Most reptiles reproduce by laying eggs on land.
reproduce 2. 복사,복제하다=copy 2.It is illegal to reproduce these contents without permission
/replicate/print/duplicate from the publisher.

v.(악영향)에 대응하다=counteract,resist 1.Businesses want new laws to counter late payments of debts.
counter
반박하다 oppose, contradict 2.Such arguments are easily countered.

-를 야기시키다/일으키다 =bring about,

Diligence and sincerity result in success.
result in cause, trigger, provoke, lead to
=Success results from diligence and sincerity.
cf. A result in B=B result from A

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[1st semester WORKSHEET no6.] Unit7 R1. SUPERBUGS 이름: ___________________ 학번 : ______________

논쟁(하다)(controversy/argument, -Settling the dispute required great tactics and diplomacy.

dispute
controvert/argue) -Her theories are open to dispute.

부적절한 -It would be inappropriate for me to comment.

inappropriate
unsuitable/unfit/improper/undesirable -It is inappropriate simply to throw money at these problems.

-The ailment is common among the obese.

ailment 질병(sickness/disease/ illness)
-Colds are a common ailment in the springtime.
-을 해결하다 -Clear up your own mess!
clear up
정리/청소하다 =tidy up -It’s time to clear up all things.
If you do something on your own, you do it without any
on one’s own 혼자서, 자력으로(=by oneself)
help from other people.
3
-Most coughs are viral in origin.
viral 바이러스성의
-A viral illness left her barely able to walk.

-He’s had a lot of health problems, but he bounced back quickly.

다시 회복되다(돌아오다)
bounce back -The company bounced, so it filed for court receivership(법정
cf. bounce 부도나다/튀다
관리).

-Are you currently taking any medication?

medication 약물치료/약(medicine)
-The medicine is not costly, so make sure to stay on medication.

harmful 해로운(detrimental, damaging) -The sun’s ultra-violet rays are harmful to human skin.

전체적으로/대체로(on the
as a whole -The festival will be great for our city as a whole.
whole/overall/generally)
-He was promoted to senior editor.
v1. 승진시키다
-Good soil promotes plant growth.
promote v2. 촉진하다
-The marketing department is busy promoting the new line
v3. 홍보하다
of men's clothes for fall.
livestock 가축(domesticated animal) My uncle raises livestock on his farm.
v. be used to V ~하는데 사용되다 -The tool is used to cut the parper out.
be used to be used/accustomed to N ~에 익숙하다 -He is used to criticism. = He is used to being criticized.
used to V ~하곤했다 -My grandmother said winters used to be harder here.
crowded 붐비는 =packed, crammed The room was crowded with people.
-Sports can be very therapeutic while playing.
치료(상)의(healing/remedial)
therapeutic -Some patients visited the therapeutic garden to treat
건강에 도움이 되는(curative/healthful)
depression.
4
=destroy, wipe out, terminate,
kill off Scientists aren't certain what killed off the dinosaurs.
make sth extinct

유익한(helpful/advantageous/profitable) -A good diet is beneficial to health.

beneficial
opp. harmful/damaging/detrimental -We should negotiate to come to a mutually-beneficial agreement.

strains of~ -의 종류 type of/ kind of -It is a new strain of mosquitoes resistant even to the poison.
a strain of~ cf. strain 압박/부담 -This repayment(부채상환) is putting a strain on our finances.

소화기 계통/소화관
digestive tract Some live in the digestive tract and help us digest our food.
cf. digestive 소화제/소화의
thrive 번창하다 The region thrived under his rule.

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[1st semester WORKSHEET no6.] Unit7 R1. SUPERBUGS 이름: ___________________ 학번 : ______________

=prosper, bloom, flourish

resulting 결과적인 =consequent The news covered the accident and his resulting death.

n. 연료
-I had the fuel pump replaced on my car.
fuel v. 연료/기름를 붓다 power, charge
5 -The strong economy has fueled the construction of new homes.
-> stimulate, boost, intensify
점점 줄이다/줄어들다
taper off The number of applicants for teaching posts has tapered off.
to become gradually less
last resort n. 최후의 수단 As a last resort, we could ask your mother to help.
v1. 유지하다 -They always maintain high standards of professional conduct.
maintain
v2. 주장하다 -He maintains that the decision is best left to local people.
1. We don't deserve such rude treatment.
n1. (특정한 태도의) 대우
The president’s daughter received special treatment.
n2. (처리, 논의하는) 방식
treatment 2.It's a complicated issue that requires careful treatment.
n3. 치료
3.The patient required immediate medical treatment.
n4. (화학/물리적) 처리
4. A special treatment is used to kill bacteria in water.
-This year is the mildest winter since records began.
mild 가벼운(light/slight)/온화한(warm)
-He was a mild-mannered man who rarely became angry.
take sth out
remove, erase, delete, eliminate Remove the board and take out all the nails.
of
6
n.대안
Scientists are developing an alternative approach to treating
alternative replacement,substitute,choice,option
the disease.
a. 대안적인 different, other, possible
1.I gave/got her a book as a present.
/ˈprɛzn̩t/ n. 선물 gift 2.He presented the queen with a diamond necklace.
/ˈprɛzn̩t/ n. 현재/ a. 현재의/ 참석한 3.No further changes are planned at the present time.
present
/prɪˈzɛnt/ v. 수여하다/ 제공하다 4.She was present at the meeting.
발표하다 5.The defense will present evidence refuting the charges.
6.The scientist presented his results/report to the committee.
엄한, 완강한 1.His face looked grim, and we knew his news wouldn't be good.
grim
암울한, 불길한=gloomy, depressing 2.He paints a grim picture of the prospects for peace.

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