Chapter 2 Viruses and

Bacteria
Section 1 Viruses
Section 1: Viruses- Objectives
By the end of this lesson, you should be
able to:
 Give reasons why viruses are considered
to be non-living
 Describe the basic structure of a virus;

 Explain how viruses multiply

 1. virus

A small, nonliving particle that invades

and then reproduces inside a living cell.
 2. host

An organism that provides a source of

energy or a suitable environment for a
virus or for another organism to live.
 3. parasite

An organism that lives on or in a host

and causes harm to the host.
 4. bacteriophage

A virus that infects bacteria.

 1. Biologists consider viruses to be non-
living because viruses are not
cells
_____________. Viruses do not use
energy
_____________ to __________
grow or to
_____________
respond to their surroundings.
 2.
Viruses can only multiply when they
are ___________________.
Inside a living cell
 3. List four ways viruses can be named
– 1) After the disease it causes. Ex. Polio virus

After the organism they infect. Ex- Tomato mosiac

– 2) virus

After the place where it was first found.

– 3) Ex. Ebola virus in Africa

After people. Ex, Epstein-Barr virus.

– 4) Named after scientists identified virus that
causes mononucleosis
 4.
All viruses have two basic parts: the
outer coat
___________________that
_______________the
protects virus, and the
inner coat
_______________ that is made of
________________.
genetic material
 5.
Once inside, a virus’s
_____________________
Genetic material takes over
the cell’s ________________.
functions
 6.
_________________
Common cold
is an example
of an active virus,
while_____________________
The virus that causes cold sores is an
example of a hidden virus.

 Readpages 51-53. How Viruses

Multiply/Exploring.
Chapter 2 Viruses and
Bacteria
Section 2 Bacteria
 Section 2: Bacteria- Objectives
By the end of this lesson, you should be
able to:
 Describe ways in which bacteria cells
are different from all other organisms’
cells
 List positive roles that bacteria play in
people’s lives
 Name the two kingdoms of bacteria and
tell how bacteria reproduce and survive.
 Review- cytoplasm

The region of a cell located inside the

cell membrane (in prokaryotes) or
between the cell membrane and nucleus
(in eukaryotes); contains a gel-like
material and cell organelles.
 Review-ribosome

A tiny structure located in the

cytoplasm of a cell where proteins are
made.
 1. flagellum

A long, whiplike structure that extends

out through the cell membrane and cell
wall.
 2. binary fission

A form of asexual reproduction in which

one cell divides to form two identical
cells.
 3. asexual reproduction

The reproductive process that involves

only one parent and produces offspring
that are identical to the parent.
 4. sexual reproduction

The reproductive process that involves

two parents who combine their genetic
material to produce a new organism,
which differs from both parents.
 5. conjugation

The process in which a unicellular

organism transfers some of its genetic
material to another unicellular organism.
 6. respiration

The process of breaking down food to

release its energy.
 7. endospore

A small, rounded, thick-walled, resting

cell that forms inside a bacterial cell.
 8. decomposer

An organism that breaks down large

chemicals from dead organisms into
small chemicals and returns important
materials to the soil and water.
 Notes
 1. Bacteria
______________________
are_____________________.
prokaryotes The
genetic material in their cells is not
contained in the _________________.
nucleus
 2.
List the three basic shapes of
bacteria and draw each one.

 First shape-
spherical
 2.
List the three basic shapes of
bacteria and draw each one.

 Second shape-
Rod like
 2.
List the three basic shapes of
bacteria and draw each one.

 Third shape-
spiral
 3. List the cell structures present in a
bacterial cell
 1.
Cell wall

 2. ribosome

 3. Cell membrane

 4. Flagellum

 5. Genetic material

 6. Cytoplasm
 4.
Under ideal conditions, Bacteria can
reproduce once every __________
20
minutes.
 5. List five good things bacteria do in
our world.
 1. Fuel. Ex. Methane produced by archaebacteria

 2. Food. Ex. Cheese, yogurt, apple cider

 3. Environmental Recycling. Ex. Decomposers.

 4. Environmental Clean up – bacteria to clean up

oil spills.

 5. Health and Medicine – bacteria that

helps you digest your food
Chapter 2 Viruses and
Bacteria
Section 3 Integrating
Health: Viruses, Bacteria,
and Your Health
Section 3: Viruses, Bacteria, and
Your Health- Objectives
By the end of this lesson, you should be
able to:
 Describe how infectious diseases spread
from person to person.
 Describe some ways in which infectious
diseases can be treated or prevented.
 1. infectious disease

An illness that can pass from one

organism to another.
 2. toxin

A poison that can harm an organism.

 3. antibiotic

A chemical that can kill bacteria without

harming a person’s cells
 4. vaccine

A substance that stimulates the body to

produce chemicals that destroy viruses,
bacteria, or other disease-causing
organisms.
 Notes (read pg 69-70 first)
 1.Explain the 4 ways infectious diseases
spread, and give an example of each.

 1. Contact with Infected Person-touching,

hugging, kissing, sneezes, coughs

Contact with Contaminated Object-eating

 2.
utensils, food water, cups

 3. Contact with an Animal-rabies, mosquitoes

Contact with Environmental Sources-food,

4
water, soil
 Change your number 2 to the following:
 2. For most infectious diseases, the best
treatment is:

Bed rest
 ____________________

 ____________________
resting

 ____________________
drinking lots of fluids

 ____________________
eating well balanced meals
 3.
___________________________
Bacterial diseases
can be cured with
antibiotics
___________________, while with
____________________________
Viral diseases
you can only treat the
symptoms
__________________.
 Penicillin (an antibiotic)
 4.
___________________________
works by weakening the
Cell wall
___________________________ and
cells
causing the __________________ to
______________________.
burst
 5.The best way to protect yourself
against infectious diseases is to:
Keep your body healthy
 A.________________________

Eat nutritious foods

 B.________________________

Get plenty of rest, fluids, and exercise

 C.________________________

Washing hands, not sharing utensils, etc.

 D.________________________