Name: Maram Faraj ID: 20120162

CRANIAL NERVES are pairs of nerves that connect your brain to

different parts of your head, neck, and trunk. There are 12 of them, each
named for their function or structure.

I. Olfactory nerve
 Sensory
 Function: smell
 Origin: Olfactory receptor nerve cells
 Opening to the Skull: Openings in cribriform plate of ethmoid

II. Optic nerve

 Sensory
 Function: Vision
 Origin: Back of the eyeball
 Opening to the Skull: Optic Canal

III. Oculomotor nerve

 Motor
 Function: Raises upper eyelid,
Turns eyeball upward, downward and
medially,Constricts pupil and
Accommodates the eye
 Origin: Anterior surface of the midbrain
 Opening to the Skull: Superior orbital fissure

IV. Trochlear nerve

 Motor
 Function: Assisting in turning
eyeball downward and laterally
 Origin: Posterior surface of the midbrain
 Opening to the Skull: Superior orbital fissure
V. Trigeminal nerve
V1. Ophthalmic V2. Maxillary V3. Mandibular

 Sensory  Sensory  Motor

 Function: Cornea,Skin of
forehead,Scalp, Eyelids and
nose etc.
 Origin: Anterior aspect of
the pons
 Opening to the Skull:
Superior orbital fissure
 Function: Skin of the face over
maxilla Teeth of the upper jaw
Mucous membrane of the nose, the
maxillary sinus and palate
 Origin: Anterior aspect of
the pons
 Opening to the Skull:
Foramen ovale
 Function: Muscles of
mastication,
Mylohyoid,Anterior belly of
digastric, Tensor veli
palatine, Tensor tympani
 Origin: Anterior aspect of
the pons
 Opening to the Skull:
Foramen Rotundum

VI. Abducens nerve

 Motor
 Function: Lateral rectus muscle turns eyeball
laterally
 Origin: Anterior Surface of hindbrain
between pons and medulla
 Opening to the Skull: Superior orbital fissure

VII. Facial nerve

 Sensory and Motor
 Function: muscles of facial expression
 Origin: Pons of the brainstem
 Opening to the skull: Internal acoustic meatus
VIII. Vestibulocochlear nerve
 Sensory
 Function: Hearing and balance
 Origin: Rhomboid fossa of the brainstem
 Opening to the skull: Internal acoustic meatus

IX. Glossopharyngeal nerve

 Sensory and Motor
 Function: carotid body and sinus,taste from
posterior tongue,parotid gland,stylopharyngeus
 Origin: Brainstem
 Opening to the skull: Jugular foramen

X. Vagus nerve
 Sensory and Motor
 Function: arynx, pharynx and, thoracic
and abdominal viscera
taste from epiglottis region of tongue etc.
 Origin: Within the medulla oblongata
of the brainstem
 Opening of the skull: Jugular foramen

XI. Accessory nerve

 Motor
 Function: trapezius and sternocleidomastoid
few fibres run with CNX to viscera.
 Origin: having both spinal and cranial roots
 Opening of the skull: Jugular foramen
XII. Hypoglossal nerve
 Motor
 Function: Intrinsic and extrinsic
tongue muscles
 Origin: in the dorsal medulla oblongata.
 Opening of the skull: Hypoglossal canal