Judul: Communication Management

Pengarang: Michael Kaye

Review:

A Theoretical Framework for Developing for Developing Communication Management

Any holistic view of communication management must take into account that certain variables-
thoughts; feelings, values, beliefs, and attitudes-may never become accessible as data sources for
interpreting communicative acts or events. People's perceptions of why others communicate as they
do are therefore always likely to derive from imperfect information. On the other hand, the 4
approaches provide some structure for people to interpret and explain how and why interpersonal
communication processes are managed. Again, it is highly probable communication competence can
be defined, although situational variables may make this difficult if general rules for excellence are
expected. An important point is that communication competence is closely linked with
understanding relationships since it is in relationships that our competence in communication is
often determined by others. A person’s communicative competence may very much depend on the
eye of the beholder. Thus, the competence and the relational perspectives outlined in this chapter
may be considered complementary.

Individually constructed meanings of self, of others, and of self with others, form the bases for
strategic choices in interpersonal encounters.

Finally, the strength or weakness of any relationship influences how accurately people construct
meaning.

Judul: Communication making connections. Fifth Edition

Pengarang: William T Seiler; Melisa L. Beal

Review:

Dialectical Theory: Push and Pull

Relationships consist of many forces that push and pull them in many different directions. These
forces are referred to as contradictions. The contradictory impulses or dialectics that push and pull
us in conflicting directions with others. The desire for being connected and having autonomy is one
of three most commonly identified dialectical tensions in the research. the other two dialectical
tensions are openness-clossedness and novelty-predictability.
Connection-Autonomy

Relationships require both the desire to connect to another person and the desire to retain
autonomy as an individual.. There us as desire for our close relationships to be defined as "us", but
this does not mean that we want to sacrifice our individuality or control over who we are. When
there is too much emphasis on connection or integration in a relationship, it may lead to the feeling
of being smothered or consumed by a partner, friend, and others, such that we feel entrapped and
controlled by the relationship, thus leaving us with no life of our town. intimacy as its highest level
does require a bonding that connects us with another person emotionally, intellectually, and
physically, but it does not mean or require a complete loss of self. Relationships that move too far in
one direction or the other in terms of control versus autonomy are usually relationships that are
extremely unstable and potentially destructive

Openness-Closedness

At the beginning of new relationships, when we are seeking as much information as we can about
the other person, there is a counterforce that cautions against revealing too much too soon about
ourselves. This tension between self-disclosing and keeping our privacy continues throughout the
various stages of relationship development. Relationships grow on the strength of the trust that is
established between partners. When the trust that exist between partners is violated, by revealing
private information or by telling a partner something he or she is not prepared to hear, the
relationship is at risk for deterioration or termination.

Novelty-Predictability

Without some stability or constancy, there is too much potential for uncertainty and ambivalence for
a long-term relationship to survive. Thus we need relationships in which we know that we can count
on a certain amount of predictability. Predictability is a comfort to most of us because we know
what to expect. Too much predictability in some aspects of a relationship, however, may make the
relationships routine and boring, thus requiring a call for something unique or different.

Judul: Human Communication Theories and Research

Pengarang: Robert L. Heath and Jennings Bryant

Review:

A theory differs from a Hypothesis argues that is more encompassing statement of many facts,
events, relationships, and conclusions like when you greet someone, you’ll say “Hey”

Bullet theory proposes media, particularly television, virtually control people’s thoughts and lives.
So, mass media taking a role to give information to communicant and communicant just accept that
information without doing something else.
Facilities Social Theory argues that people will do something better if they get praise when he reach
something good. Someone will do better because basically human love that praises.

Judul: Applying Communicatgion Theory for Proffesional Life

Pengarang: Marianne Dainton; Elaine D. Zelley

Review:

Expectancy violations theory is effects of violations of expectations depend on the reward value of
the elevator.

Agenda-setting theory: the media do not tell is what to think but what to think about.

Judul: Mass Communication Theory

Pengarang: Stanley J. Baran; Dennis K. Davis

Review:

Magic bullet theory or the hypodermic needle model is labelling the mass media theory. This theory
told us that mass media give biggest influence to its audiences, while actually there was sme truth to
these descriptions, they also tended to oversimplify earlier understandungs if media influence. Most
of the thinking about media that guided research in the 1960s was in facct developed during the
1930s and 1940s. There was no sudden or fundamental change in the way scholars regarded media.
Rather there was a gradual shift in how reseaechers connceptualized media and media use.

Grand theory in mass communication is a theory designed to describe and explain all aspects of a
given phenomenon

Defining theory. Any organized set of concepts, explanations, and principles of some aspects of
human experience. The nature of reality, what is knowable.

Postpositivist theory is based on empirical observation guided by the scientific method.

Hermeneutic Theory is the study of understanding, especially by interpreting action and text. Social
hermeneutics is a theory seeking to understand how those in an observed social situation interpret
their own lot in that situation

Critical theory seeking emancipation and change in dominant social order

Normative theory explain how a media system should operate in order to conform to or realize a set
of ideal social values. In other words, what is real about a media system is real only for the specific
social systam in which that system exist. We can only judge the worth of a given media system in
comparison to the ideal espoused by the particular social system in which it operates. Study of a
media system or parts of it is undertaken in the explicit belief that there is an iseal mode of
operation based in the values of the social system.

So, in the conclusion, this book tell us that there are some plusses and some minusses between each
theories. And how theories developed to developed to address important questions about the role
of media-enduring questions that will again become quite important as new media continue to be
introduced and as we deal with a world reordered and the ongoing war on terrorism. We must be
aware of how the radical changes in media hat took place inn the past are related to the changes
taking place now.

Judul: Communication theory: media, technology and society

Pengarang: David Holmes

Review:

The sociological theory that the loss of the support of objectively established religion, the dissolution
of the last remnants of precapitalism, together with technological and social differentiation and
specialization, have led to cultural chaos is disproved every day; for culture now impresses the same
stamp on everything. Films, radio, and magazines make up a system which is uniform as a whole and
in evry part (Adorno and Horkheimer, 1993:30)

In cybersociety theory part, Ostwald argues ‘the critical component of any definition of cyberspace is
the element of community’, because he maintains that a single person does not exist in cyberspace,
but in virtual reality.

In broadcast theory, the power of broadcast media is one that is most forcefully put by second
media age therorists. Therorist of the second media age aegue that both broadcast and interactive
communication apparatuses have together constitued the primary forms of cultural meadiation in
information societies since the Second World War.

Judul: Communication Theory

Pengarang: C. David Mortensen

Review:

Communication theory may be described as a ‘transactional’ paradigm. The interplay of speakinng

subjects and topical subjects remains an object of focus. Much emphasis is placed on shared
conditions of mutual influence. Strategic connections between messenger and message occur
insofar as the conduct of a influnces the responses of (A<->B) and as the conduct of B influences the
responses of (A<->B). Strivinng subjects may produce a wide array synchronous and dyachronic
patterns of collective outcome. At issue is what it means for speaking subjects to initially become
communicatively cmpetent and eventually prove to be relationally compatible. High standards of
communicative competence do not guarantee that optimal conditions of relational compatibility will
be achieved. It is necessary, therefore, to promote better understanding of how striving individuals
establish strong connections with one another.

Sociological theory provides the third dimension of the great triangle. After all, individuals do not
come into direct or mediated contact with each other in a social or cultural vacuum. In effect, what
participants feel, think, say and do is subject to direct/indiirect influence from their wider contracts
with second and third parties who are located withhin or beyond the scope or province if the local
community.

The conceptual framework of communication theory is grounded in utilitarian standards of efficiacy,

effectiveness, and progressive outcome. Five broad performance considerations provide tentative
starting points for suitaned inquiry.

Judul:

Pengarang:

Review:

Mass media communication theory in this book has a general point. The general point, however,
remains that free communication is unlikely to foster relations of trust and respect unledd the
participants are obliged to attend respectfully to contributions and perspectives from radically
different forms of human life. On a different point, the idea od the long revolution builds a strong
argument in favour of more local and national forms of cultural provision.