You are on page 1of 19

Mgt Theory Case 1

1-What management roles would Jeff Bourk be playing as he


(a) Negotiates new contracts with potential airlines,
(b) Works with the airport employees in providing a high level of customer service to
arriving and departing passengers, and
(c) Resolves the contractual issues with the city of Branson? Be specific and
explain your choices. 4.
1. Using the four functions as your guide, what challenges would Jeff Bourk face in
managing the...
1. Using the four functions as your guide, what challenges would Jeff Bourk face in managing the Branson
Airport?

2. Again, using the four functions as your guide, do you think the managerial challenges Jeff Bourk faced when
getting the airport up and running are different from what he faces now in actually overseeing the airport’s
operation? Explain.

3. What management roles would Jeff Bourk be playing as he

(a) Negotiates new contracts with potential airlines,

(b) Works with the airport employees in providing a high level of customer service to arriving and departing
passengers, and

(c) Resolves the contractual issues with the city of Branson? Be specific and explain your choices.

4. What skills would be most important to a manager like Jeff Bourk? Explain your choices.

With a small year-round population, Branson, Missouri, is in a location not easily accessible by air service.45
The city, best known for its country music and music variety shows and family-style attractions, also has the
kinds of outdoor activities that attracted more than 8 million visitors last year, “earning it the unofficial nickname
‘Vegas without the gambling.’” About 95 percent of those visitors come by car or bus. But now there’s a new
show in town—the Branson Airport. The $155 million airport, which opened in May 2009, is an experiment that
many people are watching.
-1. Managers are called upon to perform all the basic functions of management, planning, organizing,
leading and controlling, most top managers and CEO

-ANSWERS TO CASE APPLICATION 1 QUESTIONS More than a Good Story

1. As the top managers of their company, what types of issues might Bert and John have to deal with? Be
as specific as possible. Which management functions might be most important to them? Why?

- What are the four challenges Jeff Bourk will face?


- First of All Jeff have to plane about the airport and its working and mechanism ,Then he will
organize all the resource to build the airport, after that he would lead the team and mange work of
airport , and at the end he will control all the process of airport. So we can say that he will face
four challenges Planning, Organizing, controlling and leading.
So we can say that he will face four challenges Planning , Organizing , controlling and leading ., Again,
using the four functions as your guide, do you think the managerial challenges Jeff Bourk faced when
getting the airport up and running are different from what he faces now in actually overseeing the airport’s
operation? Explain.

- How much do you know about Branson Airport?

About 95 percent of those visitors come by car or bus. But now there's a new show in town, the Branson
Airport. The $155 million airport, which opened in May 2009, is... In the space of just 30 minutes every
weekday, around 5.00 in the evening, around 20 flights arrive at and depart from the Euro hub Terminal.

- What would Jeff have to do to build the airport?

First of All Jeff have to plane about the airport and its working and mechanism ,Then he will organize all the
resource to build the airport, after that he would lead the team and mange work of airport , and at the end
he will control all the process of airport.

- Is the decision support system being used by airlines to overbook fliers?

Chapter 12 Case study-Too many bumped fliers 1) Is the decision support system being used by airlines to
overbook flights working well? Answer from the perspective of the airlines and from the perspective of the
passenger. It is working well for the airlines only, as they can fill their flights and save at least a billion a
year.

1. Using the four functions as your guide, what challenges would Jeff Bourk face in managing
the Branson Airport?

1. Ans. As we studied that


manager is important for every
organization because they
represent the
2. group's interest and efforts for
organization and self success.
The manager is responsible for
3. overseeing and leading the work
of a group of people in many
instances. Managers are called
4. upon to perform all the
basic functions of management,
planning, organizing, leading
and
5. controlling .A manager have to
face many challenges of an
organization.In this case study JEFF
6. BOURK also faces many
challenges in managing the
BRANSON AIRPORT, his mission
was to
7. make the airport, set methods and
venture of the airport while keeping
in mind that it should be
8. convenient, affordable for the
tourists So, The airport is
generating interest from city
9. governments and the travel
industry because it’s the nation’s
first commercial airport built and
10. operated as a private, for-profit
business with absolutely no
government funding. His biggest
job
11. is setting the strategy and
mission of the airport. We should
note that the building of the
nation’s
12. first privately built airport took
a lot of time to plan and there
were many arrangements that jeff
13. had to make which were the
biggest challenge for him as he
contract with the city that laid the
14. foundation for future success.
15. Ans. As we studied that
manager is important for every
organization because they
represent the
16. group's interest and efforts for
organization and self success.
The manager is responsible for
17. overseeing and leading the work
of a group of people in many
instances. Managers are called
18. upon to perform all the
basic functions of management,
planning, organizing, leading
and
19. controlling .A manager have to
face many challenges of an
organization.In this case study JEFF
20. BOURK also faces many
challenges in managing the
BRANSON AIRPORT, his mission
was to
21. make the airport, set methods and
venture of the airport while keeping
in mind that it should be
22. convenient, affordable for the
tourists So, The airport is
generating interest from city
23. governments and the travel
industry because it’s the nation’s
first commercial airport built and
24. operated as a private, for-profit
business with absolutely no
government funding. His biggest
job
25. is setting the strategy and
mission of the airport. We should
note that the building of the
nation’s
26. first privately built airport took
a lot of time to plan and there
were many arrangements that jeff
27. had to make which were the
biggest challenge for him as he
contract with the city that laid the
28. foundation for future success
29. Ans. As we studied that
manager is important for every
organization because they
represent the
30. group's interest and efforts for
organization and self success.
The manager is responsible for
31. overseeing and leading the work
of a group of people in many
instances. Managers are called
32. upon to perform all the
basic functions of management,
planning, organizing, leading
and
33. controlling .A manager have to
face many challenges of an
organization.In this case study JEFF
34. BOURK also faces many
challenges in managing the
BRANSON AIRPORT, his mission
was to
35. make the airport, set methods and
venture of the airport while keeping
in mind that it should be
36. convenient, affordable for the
tourists So, The airport is
generating interest from city
37. governments and the travel
industry because it’s the nation’s
first commercial airport built and
38. operated as a private, for-profit
business with absolutely no
government funding. His biggest
job
39. is setting the strategy and
mission of the airport. We should
note that the building of the
nation’s
40. first privately built airport took
a lot of time to plan and there
were many arrangements that jeff
41. had to make which were the
biggest challenge for him as he
contract with the city that laid the
42. foundation for future succes
Mr Jeff Bourk's biggest job is setting the strategy and mission of the airport.

First of All Jeff Bourk's have to plane about the airport and its working and mechanism ,Then he will
organize all the resource to build the airport, after that he would lead the team and mange work of
airport , and at the end he will control all the process of airport. So we can say that he will face four
challenges;- Ans

A• Planning - Jeff Bourk must first plan the airport's working system and he wants to have around
250 000 passengers a day, but he is facing problems because of Branson City doesn't want to pay
$8.24 per passenger.
B• Organizing - The next step would be to organize and manage the airport's staff .All the airport
related things: negotiating, etc. The operation of the airport is crucial after it has been built. He
would organize his employees to build the airport, running the day to day operations like scheduling
employees, maintaining security, dealing with HR issues.
C• Leading - Cooperation with staff members. Leading will become more important as motivation of
airport employees needs to be sustained. He also deal with some significant turbulence.
D• Controlling - Monitoring, checking budgets, etc.That mean In controlling, jeff control mechanisms
need to be in place to ensure that the operations of the Airport run smoothly and safety
regulations are followed.

Planning, Organizing, controlling and leading. Jeff Bourk must first plan the airport's working
system. The next step would be to organize and manage the airport's staff. 2 The operation of the
airport is crucial after it has been built. He would organize his employees to build the airport, running
the day to day operations like scheduling employees, maintaining security, dealing with HR issues.
Leading will become more important as motivation of airport employees needs to be sustained....)
In controlling, jeff control
mechanisms need to be in place to
ensure that the operations of the
airport run smoothly and safety
regulations are followed.
Additional-
- Jeff managerial challenges are different from what he faces now in actually overseeing
the
airport operations as now he Organizing employees to build the airport and then running the day
to day operations like he had to scheduling employees, maintaining security, dealing with HR
issues, takes much of a manager’s time In addition, the airport owners kept the airlines’ operating
costs low since airport employees do much of the work usually done by an airline’s ground staff.
- Leading will also become more important as motivation of airport employees needs to
be sustained. He also deal with some significant turbulence.
-In controlling, jeff control mechanisms need to be in place to ensure that the operations of the
airport run smoothly and safety regulations are followed.

(Explanation: 1. Management consists of planning, organizing and leading. Jeff Bourk must first plan the
airport's working system. The next step would be to organize and manage the airport's staff. 2 The operation of
the airport is crucial after it has been built. He would organize his employees...)

2. Again, using the four functions as your guide, do you think the managerial challenges Jeff
Bourk faced when getting the airport up and running are different from what he faces now in
actually overseeing the airport’s operation? Explain.

When Mr Jeff Bourk was planning and managing the airport work, he had no idea about the
turbulences he faced after build up /operational of airport, there is always some problems came
which was unexpected and incidental, or unexpected things that may happened during the operation.

e.g According to the above current scenario the Airport officials and other related person also
expect salaries and profit sort of thing which was not in Jeff’s planning, so he have to be mentally
ready for some sort of incidental(failure) and unexpected things when this business goes operating.

3. What management roles would Jeff Bourk be playing as he


(A) Negotiates new contracts with potential airlines,
A-Ans-Negotiator, Entrepreneur- He would have to take out the time to decide and make decisions that will
be convinceable and acceptable for the airport.
(b) Works with the airport employees in providing a high level of customer service to arriving
and departing passengers, and
Ans : Leader , Resource Allocator-  Working with the airport employees to better the customer service and deals
would be informational roles .
(c) Resolves the contractual issues with the city of Branson? Be specific and explain your choices.
Ans-Disturbance handler, Liaision- He controlled the issue and easily convinced the Branson city officials with his
future plans.

Jeff have to resolve the issue first of all he have to sign contract with the other airlines and give them some
attractive packages to attract emphasize on best customer service and give incentives to the them to use this
airport and cater new business and the would employees giving best customer service, lastly but not least he
have to resolve city related issues and mentally should get ready for any new these sort of issues. As it’s a
norm of any business that some unseen hindrances always come in the way so be patient and resolve issue
step by step.
4. What skills would be most important to a manager like Jeff Bourk? Explain your choices
There some skill in my point of view which are most important for mangers like Jeff.
Interpersonal skill is most import one to communicate with other and to convenience others. And next is
leadership skill which is also very important , Decision making skill is also one of import skill for person
like Jeff and most import skill among all is crises management skill , As if you have crises management skill
u will manage all the upcoming crises instead of become panic and make wrong decision .
The above mentioned skill are few very important skill in my view there are so many skill also but these
above play vital role for success of any manger.
- 1. Using the four functions as your guide, what challenges would Jeff Bourk face in managing the Branson
Airport?
Jeff Bourk needs to face the following challenges:
A• Organizing - All the airport related things: negotiating, etc.
B• Leading - Cooperation with staff members.
C• Planning - Jeff Bourk wants to have around 250 000 passengers a day, but he is facing problems
because of Branson City doesn't want to pay $8.24 per passenger.
D• Controlling - Monitoring, checking budgets, etc.
Mr Bourk's biggest job is setting the strategy and mission of the airport.
2. Again, using the four functions as your guide, do you think the managerial challenges Jeff Bourk faced
when getting the airport up and running are different from what he faces now in actually overseeing the
airport’s operation? Explain.
Jeff Bourk will have to face pretty much the same challenges as before: organizing employees to build the
airport, running the day to day operations like scheduling employees, maintaining security, dealing with HR
issues. Leading will become more important as motivation of airport employees needs to be sustained.
3. What management roles would Jeff Bourk be playing as he
(a) negotiates new contracts with potential airlines,
(b) works with the airport employees in providing a high level of customer service to arriving and departing
passengers, and
(c) resolves the contractual issues with the city of Branson? Be specific and explain your choices.
a. negotiate new contracts with potential airlines
Decisional role
b. works with the airport employees in providing a high level of customer service to arriving and departing
passengers.
Interpersonal role
c. resolves the contractual issues with the city of Branson
Decisional role
4. What skills would be most important to a manager like Jeff Bourk? Explain your choices.

Ans- Conceptual and human skills (Interpersonal skill):

There some skill in my point of view which are most important for mangers like Jeff Bourk, are
Conceptual and human skills (Interpersonal skill).
Because that Jeff Bourk is executive director of the airport. So he is working in the top of
managerial system. As we all know top managers, most common focus on conceptual skills, If talk
about conceptual skills, managers of this level like Jeff Bourk must pay attention on establishing he
goals and strategies of their organization and think about abstract and complex situations, for
instance: • establishing contracts with airlines, •work on ideas and •gaining community support.
Furthermore we should do not forget about human skills as well. Interpersonal skill is one most
import one to communicate with other and to convenience others. So that he should understand
interpersonal communications skills to make his views known to others while dealing with city officials
or employee disputes.

Human relations skills...

There some skill in my point of view which are most important for mangers like Jeff.
Interpersonal skill is most import one to communicate with other and to convenience others. And
next is leadership skill which is also very important , Decision making skill is also one of import
skill for person like Jeff and most import skill among all is crises management skill , As if you have
crises management skill u will manage all the upcoming crises instead of become panic and make
wrong decision .
The above mentioned skill are few very important skill in my view there are so many skill also but
these above play vital role for success of any manger.

Add- Conceptual and human skills (Interpersonal skill):

There some skill in my point of view which are most important for mangers like Jeff Bourk, are
Conceptual and human skills (Interpersonal skill).

Because that Jeff Bourk is executive director of the airport. So he is working in the top of
managerial system. As we all know top managers, most common focus on conceptual skills,
furthermore we should do not forget about human skills as well. If talk about conceptual skills,
managers of this level like Jeff Bourk must pay attention on establishing he goals and strategies of
their organization and think about abstract and complex situations, for instance: • establishing
contracts with airlines, •work on ideas and •gaining community support.
And also Interpersonal skill is one most import one to communicate with other and to convenience
others. So that he should understand interpersonal communications skills to make his views known to
others while dealing with city officials or employee disputes.
And next is leadership skill which is also very important , Decision making skill is also one of import
skill for person like Jeff and most import skill among all is crises management skill , As if you have
crises management skill u will manage all the upcoming crises instead of become panic and make wrong
decision .

in this case also important human skills whatever it is, he should understand
interpersonal communications skills to make his views known to others while
dealing with city officials (i.e. mayor) or employee disputes.
High in power distance, individualism and uncertainty avoidance; Low in
masculinity:
It’s clear from Hofstede’s dimensions, France tends moderately high on power
distance, noticeably high on individualism and uncertainty avoidances as well;
however quite low on masculinity.
If we talk about workers in France, as we found there is more likely for
employees to take aggressive position on problems. Moreover their level
uncertainty avoidance believe in a search of truth. Combined with their
feelings about power being distributed equally, it is obvious that this
employee’s reaction fit with their national culture.

Management Case Study

...Management Case Study Angela Nichols XMGT/216 Organizational Ethics and Social
Responsibility December 5, 2014 Debora Pryer Management Case Study Hello Debora, I received
the instructions on cutting the payroll in my department by 15%. This is going to make a lot of
unhappy employee’s, but I understand that it needs to be done. This will be a hard situation to come
up with a solution, since we just hired several women and minorities to help with the diversity in the
company. I have run across an ethical situation while deciding on how the best way would be to cut
the payroll by 15% in my department. I feel that I need not to base my decision off of employee’s
seniority with the company but the work performance of the employee’s. I know we need to keep a
diverse work place. In order to do such a way that the diversity stays within the company I feel we
need to evaluate each employee and base any decisions off of the evaluations. Just because an
employee has been with us for an x number of years I feel does not mean they should be eliminated
from the cutbacks. My best decision would be to evaluate each employee and based on the
importance of their job for the company and their work performance whether or not to cut them back
from full time to part time. If I am able to cutback almost half my department to part time hours I will
be able to cut the payroll by 15%. Please let me know if you feel this would be a good way to
cutback my payroll in the department. ...

Good Story Case Study


More than a Good Story Jake and Rocket, a cartoon guy and his cartoon dog, can be found on most of
the apparel and other branded products sold by Life is Goon company. With his perky beret (or other
appropriate head gear), Jake has that contented look of being able to enjoy life as it is and finding
reasons to be happy right now.
And Rocket? Well, he’s just happy to be along for the ride. And what ride It’s been for the two!
They’ve been part of the company’s growth to over $100 million In revenues. Company co-founders
and brothers.

We Will Write a Custom Case Study Specifically


For You For Only $13.90/page!
Bert and John Jacobs have a personal and business philosophy much like Jake: simplicity,
humor, and humility. However, both understand that even with this philosophy, they need to be
good managers and they need good managers throughout the organization in order to stay
successful.

Bert and John designed their first tee shirts In 1989 and sold them door-to-door In college dorms
along the East Coast and In Boston where they’d set up shops using an old card table In
locations on one-way streets so they could pick up and move quickly if they needed to.

They used this simple sales approach because, like many young entrepreneurs, they couldn’t
afford required business licenses. Although they met a lot of wonderful people and heard a lot
of good stories during these early years, sales weren’t that great. As the company legend goes,
the brothers “lived on peanut butter and Jelly, slept in their beat-up Van, and showered when
they could. ” During one of their usual post-sales-trip parties, Bert and John asked some friends
for advice on an assortment of Images and slogans they had put together.

Those friends (some of whom now work for the company) liked the “Life is good” slogan and a
drawing of Jake hat had been sketched by John.

So Bert and John printed up 48 Jake shirts for a local street fair in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
By noon, the 48 shirts were gone, something that had never happened! The brothers were smart
enough to recognize that they might be on to something. And, as the old saying goes the rest Is
history! Since that Jake and Rocket.

Bert attributes their success to his belief that “the ‘Life is good’ message, coupled with the
carefree image of Jake, was simple enough to swallow, light enough to be mistaken for preachy,
and profound enough to matter. He goes on to say that, “Note that we don’t say ‘Life is great! ‘
We say life is good, period.

Three simple words. People connect with instantly. ” Another Important facet of Life Is good is
their commitment to good causes. And those arena Just “words” to Bert and John; they act on
their words.

They are passionately involved with Project Joy, which is a non-profit organization that fosters
the development of at-risk through acts of play.

Bert says their partnership with Project Joy aligns with Life is good’s whole philosophy. The
financial commitment that he company has made is supported by its Life is good Kids
Foundation, which raises funds through the popular Life Is good festivals and through sales of
fundraising t- Today, Life is good, based in Boston, has a product line of more than 900 items.
The Company continues to grow about 30 to 40 percent annually.

Bert and John’s style of managing is guided by another of the company’s mottoes, “Do what
you like. Like what you As the company’s website states, “In addition to knowledge, skills and
experience, we look to hire people who possess the same optimistic outlook on life hat Jake has.
” It’s an approach that seems to be working for Bert and John and for Jake and Rocket.

Discussion Questions

1. As the top managers of their company, what types of issues might Bert and John have to deal
with? Be specific as possible. Which management functions might be most important to them?
Why?

2. Using descriptions from the case, describe Bert and John’s managerial style. Would this
approach work for other organizations? Why or why not?

3. How do you think the company’s motto “Do what you like.

Like what you do” might affect how managers manage? Be specific.

4. What managerial challenges might there be in having friends work for your business? How
could these challenges be kept inconsequential?

5. Would you want to work for a company like this? Why or why not?

6. In what ways will the Life is good managers (corporate and retail store) have to deal with the
challenges of the customer service, innovation, and sustainability?

Be specific in your description. Case Application

2 Flight Plans With a small year-round population, Brannon, Missouri, is in a location not easily
accessible by air service.

The city, best known for its country music and music variety wows and family style attractions,
also has the kinds of outdoor activities that attracted more than 8 million visitors last year,
“earning it the unofficial nickname Vegas without gambling.” About 95 percent of those visitors
come by car or bus. But now there’s a new show in town – the Brannon Airport. The $1 55
million airport, which opened in May 2009, is an experiment that many people are watching.

The airport is generating interest from city governments and the travel industry because it’s the
nation’s first commercial airport built and operated as a private, for- refit business with
absolutely no government funding. As one expert said, “.
.. Unpretentious little Brannon Airport could have an outsize effect it if works. It could turn
what now is a mostly regional tourist spot into a national destination for tourists. ” Steve Pete,
the airport’s chief executive, admits that he had no idea where Brannon was in 2000. But by
2004, he was convinced there was money to be made flying tourists there.

He says, “If you were ever going to think about building a private come here if we made it
easier and affordable for them? It seemed like an incredible opportunity. So, using private
financing, he decided to build a new commercial airport a short distance south of Abrasion’s
popular music shows district. Both Pete and Jeff Bourn, executive director of the airport,
continue to tackle the managerial challenges of turning that dream into reality. Construction
work on the airport terminal and the 7,140-foot runway (which accommodate most narrow-body
Jets) went smoothly. Bourn believed that much of that was due to minimal red tape.

Because the airport wasn’t using federal assistance, it didn’t face the restrictions that accompany
taking government money, which also meant it could pick and choose the airlines allowed in.

To attract those airlines, the airport agreed not to allow other competitors in. Also, the airport
owners kept the airlines’ operating cost low since airport employees do much work usually done
by an airline’s ground staff. Initially, the airport’s owners offered exclusive contracts to Raritan
and Sun Country on certain routes to Brannon. Now, Frontier Airlines and the newly-formed
Brannon Airspeeds have added service.

Mr.

. Pete emphasizes that they want the airlines to succeed. “We want to build real service,
sustainable service. ” The airport earns money from landing fees (based on number of
passengers, not on weight), aircraft fuel sales, a percentage of every sale at the airport’s facility,
and a $8. 24 fee paid by the city of Brannon for each arriving passenger.

To reach Pet’s goal of 250,000 passengers a year, the airport needs only 685 passengers (five to
six planeloads) a day. He says, “What we’re doing is going to work. ” But first, they have to
deal with some significant turbulence.

Abrasion’s city officials (who have been elected and hired since the original agreement was
signed) now say that the contract between the city and the airport regarding the arriving
passenger fee may not be constitutional. Airport officials respond that, “We have legal
document and we expect to be paid.

” And Bourn maintains that Brannon benefits from every tourist that goes through the airport.
“We bring in high-quality tourists all over the country to spend money in Brannon for a cheap
price of $8. 24.”

1. Using the four functions as your guide, what challenges would Jeff Bourn face in managing
the Brannon Airport?
2. Again, using the four functions as your guide, do you think the managerial challenges Jeff
Bourn faced when getting the airport up and running are different from what he faces now in
actually overseeing the airport’s operation? Explain.

3. What management role would Jeff Bourn be playing as he

(a) negotiates new contracts with potential airlines,

(b) works with airport employees in providing a high level of customer service to arriving and
departing passengers, and

(c) resolves the contractual issues with the city of Brannon? Be specific and explain your
choices.

- Results (English) 1:[Copy]


Discussion Questions1. Using the discussion Questions

1. Using the four functions as your guide, what challenges would Jeff Bourk face in managing the
Branson Airport?

2. Again, using the four functions as your guide, do you think the managerial challenges Jeff
Bourk faced when getting the airport up and running are different from what he faces now in
actually overseeing the airport’s operation? Explain.

3. What management roles would Jeff Bourk be playing as he

(a) negotiates new contracts with potential airlines,

(b) Works with the airport employees in providing a high level of customer service to arriving and
departing passengers, and

(c) Resolves the contractual issues with the city of Branson? Be specific and explain your choices.

4. What skills would be most important to a manager like Jeff Bourk? Explain your

1. Use four functions as your guide, what challenges would Jeff Bourk face in the lýSân bay
Branson?

2. Again, using the four functions as your guide, you have to think that Jeff Bourk management
challenges faced when getting the airport up and running is different from what he faces now in
really active monitoring of the airport? The explanation.

3. What role does Jeff Bourk play as he

(a) Using the new contract with potential airlines,

(b) Work with the airport staff in providing a high level of customer service to and departing
passengers, and

(c) Address the issue of the contract with the city of Branson? Be specific and explain your
choices.

4. These skills will be the most important for a manager such as Jeff Bourk? Explain your choice.
The result (Vietnamese)

2: Discussion questions
1. Use the four functions as your guide, what challenges will Jeff BOURK face in managing the
Branson airport?

2. Again, using the four functions as your guide, you have to think Jeff BOURK management
challenges faced when getting the airport up and running is very different from now what you
really face in the monitoring activities of the airport? Explains.

3. Manage the role Jeff BOURK will be playing as him

(a) To negotiate new contracts with potential carriers,

(b) Work with the airport staff in providing a high level of customer service to arrive and depart,
and

(c) Address the issue of the contract with the city of Branson? Please be specific and explain your
choice.

4. What skills would be most important for a manager such as Jeff BOURK? Explain your choice.

You might also like