A

Seminar Report
On
“Base Transceiver Station”

By

Pravin Gareta (08BEC156)

Jaydeep Malhotra (08BEC158)
Nejav Mehta (08BEC160)

Under the guidance of

Prof.S.V.Pandey

Electronics & Communication Engineering Department

Institute of Technology
Nirma University of Science & Technology
Ahmedabad 382 481
October 2009
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
In order to achieve better performance, we should have to learn our outside
environment. We should also note our mistakes which we have done in our routine
life as well as in our study. In college we learn theoretical knowledge it is not
enough without practical implementation. As like engineer not only having
knowledge but he also have good personality to making good impact on others. He
will having good vocabulary and also have good speaking skill to represent
himself. In our 5th semester we having a Seminar course in which we have to chose
one topic and represent it. It will help us to make good presentation with team
effort so we should learn how to work with a team to complete one task with good
finishing. Also it will be helpful to us for our overall personal development.
Someone said true that:
“Don’t change with the change
But change before the change”

Now a days Industry not want a engineer with only having technical knowledge
but all-rounder engineer which will having good speaking skills, good personality,
good knowledge of his or her field etc. So, this type of course helps us to reach that
point. We not say we will reach that point but it will giving us a direction to reach
it.
We are warmly thanks to Prof.Shailesh Pandey Sir who will help us to decide this
topic and guide us to make it properly.
We are heartily thanks to Prof.Dhaval Pujara sir to encourage us to do better
work.
We also thankful to our colleges who will help to make this seminar better and
motivate us to do our best.
At last we thankful to Institute of technology, Nirma University for giving chance
to present our self by offering this type of course.

Pravin Gareta
Jaydeep Malhotra
Nejav Mehta
Abstract
In the early 1970s, digital transmission systems began to appear, utilizing a method
known as Pulse Code Modulation (PCM), first proposed by STC in 1937. PCM
allowed analog waveforms, such as the human voice, to be represented in binary
form, and using this method it was possible to represent a standard 4 kHz analog
telephone signal as a 64 kbps digital bit stream. Engineers saw the potential to
produce more cost effective transmission systems by combining several PCM
channels and transmitting them down the same copper twisted pair as had
previously been occupied by a single analog signal.

In Europe, and subsequently in many other parts of the world, a standard TDM
scheme was adopted whereby thirty 64 kbps channels were combined, together
with two additional channels carrying control information, to produce a channel
with a bit rate of 2.048 Mbps. As demand for voice telephony increased, and levels
of traffic in the network grew even higher, it became clear that the standard 2
Mbps signal was not sufficient to cope up with the traffic loads occurring in the
trunk Network. In order to avoid having to use excessively large numbers of 2
Mbps links, it was decided to create a further level of multiplexing. The standard
adopted in Europe involved the combination of four 2 Mbps channels to produce a
single 8 Mbps channel.

This level of multiplexing differed slightly from the previous in that the incoming
signals were combined one bit at a time instead of one byte at a time i.e. bit
interleaving was used as opposed to byte interleaving. As the need arose, further
levels of multiplexing were added to the standard at 34 Mbit/s, 140 Mbps, and 565
Mbps to produce a full hierarchy of bit rates.

INDEX
Sr. Topic Page
No No
1 Introduction 1
2 Various subsystem in GSM 1
2.1 Base Station Subsystem 2
2.2 Network switching subsystem 4
2.3 Network management subsystem 4
3 Various interface in BTS 5
3.1 Radio interface 5
3.2 A bis interface 6
3.3 A-interface 7
4 Antenna system in BTS 8
4.1 Requirement of antenna 8
4.2 X-POL antenna system 8
4.3 GSM base panel antenna 9
5 BTS cabinet 10
5.1 Radio part 11
5.2 Digital part 12
6 Uplink and downlink path 12
6.1 Uplink path 12
6.2 Downlink path 13
7 Skeleton of BTS 14
7.1 Power supply unit 14
7.2 Dual variable gain duplex unit 15
7.3 Multi coupler 16
7.4 Wideband combiner 16
7.5 Transceiver card 17
7.6 Baseband card 17
7.7 Base operation and interface unit 18
8 Conclusion 19
9 References 20

List of figures
Sr. Topic Page
No No
1 Subsystem of GSM 1
2 Subsystem of BSS 1
3 Working of BSS 2
4 Roof top antenna setup 8
5 GSM panel antenna setup 9
6 Radiation pattern for GSM panel antenna 9
7 Panel antenna 10
8 Radiation pattern for panel antenna 10
9 Base transceiver station 11
10 Uplink and downlink path 13
11 BTS cabinet 14
12 Power supply unit 14
13 Dual variable gain duplex front view 15
14 Block diagram of dual variable gain duplex 15
15 Multi coupler unit 16
16 Block diagram of multi coupler 16
17 Front view of wideband combiner 16
18 Block diagram of wideband combiner 16
19 Left isometric view of Transceiver card 17
20 Block diagram of transceiver card 17
21 Baseband card 17
22 Block diagram of baseband card 17
23 Base operation and interface unit 18