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Blind driving

Many believe that driving is a task reserved solely for those who can see. However, researchers
and innovators at the National Federation of the Blind (NFB) and Virginia Polytechnic Institute
and State University (Virginia Tech) believe that there is more to driving than meets the eye. In
an effort to promote the often underestimated capabilities of the blind and to inspire innovation
in the development of blind access technologies, the NFB proposed a challenge to design a
system capable of providing the blind with an experience never thought to be possible: the ability
to drive. The Robotics and Mechanisms Laboratory (RoMeLa) at Virginia Tech has since been
the only organization to accept the challenge. The Virginia Tech Blind Driver Challenge (BDC)
was established as a senior design team and undergraduate research project within the
Department of Mechanical Engineering.

The team’s first prototypes of the vehicle were designed to demonstrate a blind driver’s ability to
perform three fundamental driving tasks: speed regulation, navigation through a driving lane, and
collision avoidance. The system scans the driving environment using a laser rangefinder. The
data from the rangefinder is supplemented with information from additional sensors monitoring
aspects of the vehicle state, like speed and steering angle. The driver then gains access to this
information through various non visual driver interfaces developed by the RoMeLa team.

The first nonvisual interface is a tactile vest, which vibrates motors in the driver’s seatbelt to
provide information regarding speed regulation and emergency stop. Audio cues from a pair of
headphones provide turn-by-turn directions to assist the driver with navigation. A pair of gloves
called DriveGrip vibrates each finger to relay steering information to the driver. An interface
called AirPix puts the rangefinder scan directly in the driver’s hands via a flat plate with a grid of
orifices that create a physical map out of compressed air. The driver uses this map to explore
their environment and make their own informed driving decisions.

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