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Glycoscia® (Salacia - Salvia - Resveratrol Complex)
60 Veggiecaps per bottle.
Suggested retail price: 24.95
Glycoscia is formulated from three well-
researched botanicals from the traditional
texts of China, India, and Japan and the
flavonoids quercetin and resveratrol.
Glycoscia supports the body’s natural ability
to maintain healthy blood sugar levels. It
also may have anti-glycation end product
effects as well.
Product History
Glycoscia was originally developed in 2007 for use in the
D’Adamo Clinic.
Description/Background
Resveratrol
• Found primarily in red wine and red grape skins.
• In a now-famous recent Harvard study, mice fed resveratrol
were reported over time to be thinner and healthier with
increased life-spans. Each capsule of Glycoscia supplies a
full 50 mg of Resveratrol, providing 50% trans-resveratrol
compounds.
• This polyphenolic coumpound that exists in nature as cis-
and trans- stereoisomers is primarily found in red wine, red
grape skins, purple grape juice, and mulberries. A number
of beneficial health effects, such as anti-cancer, anti-viral,
neuroprotective, anti-aging, anti-inflammatory and life-
prolonging effects have been reported. It is also used for
atherosclerosis, lowering cholesterol levels, and increasing
HDL cholesterol levels
Salacia oblonga Root
• The herb Salacia oblogna root has been used for thousands
of years in Ayurvedic medicine. Salacia plays an important
role in supporting natural carbohydrate metabolism and
in maintaining the homeostasis of lipid metabolism. The
inhibition of these substances is thought to help the body
maintain healthy blood glucose levels.
• This herb is a native of India and Sri Lanka and has been used
in traditional Indian medicine and Ayurveda successfully for
years. The active constituents, salacinol and kotalanol, inhibit
alpha-glucosidase and aldose reductase. The inhibition of
these substances decreases the breakdown of carbohydrates
into absorbable monosaccharides and therefore decreases
postprandial blood glucose levels. (2)
• Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors are used to establish greater
glycemic control over hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus type
2, particularly with regard to postprandial hyperglycemia.
They may be used as monotherapy in conjunction with an
appropriate diabetic diet and exercise, or they may be used
in conjunction with other anti-diabetic drugs. Inhibition
of these enzyme systems reduces the rate of digestion of
complex carbohydrates. Less glucose is absorbed because the
carbohydrates are not broken down into glucose molecules.
In diabetic patients, the short-term effect of these drugs
therapies is to decrease current blood glucose levels: the long
term effect is a small reduction in hemoglobin A1c level.
• The petroleum ether extract of the root bark of S. oblonga
Wall. (Celastraceae) (SOB) was studied in streptozotocin
(STZ) diabetic rats and anti-lipid peroxidative activity of
the same was studied in the cardiac tissue. SOB prevented
significantly the streptozotocin-induced hyperglycaemia and
hypoinsulinaemia (3)
• In a study conducted by Kowsalya et at., it was determined
that 2.5 to 5.0 grams of Salacia Oblonga daily is effective in
lowering the blood glucose, serum cholesterol, triglycerides
and increasing the HDL cholesterol levels of non-insulin
dependent diabetes patients.
• The presence of Salacia oblonga extract tended to lower
postprandial glycemia and significantly reduced the
postprandial insulin response. The increase in breath hydrogen
excretion suggests a mechanism similar to prescription alpha-
glucosidase inhibitors. (1)
• Salacia oblonga extract functions as a PPAR-alpha activator,
providing a potential mechanism for improvement of
postprandial hyperlipidemia and hepatic steatosis in diabetes
and obesity. (4)
Quercetin
• This is the most abundant of the flavanoid molecules that
naturally can be found in apples, onion, tea, berries, brassica
vegetables, seeds, nuts, flowers, barks and leaves. It promotes
insulin secretion, increases vitamin C levels, protects blood
vessels, prevents easy bruising and supports the immune
system. It is also an aldose reductase inhibitor. Aldose
reductase has been linked to chronic complications associated
with diabetes such as peripheral neuropathy, retinopathy, and
cataracts, thus quercetin protects against the complications
often associated with diabetes.
• Quercetin is also a sirtuin-like deacetylase inhibitor.
• Red Sage Root (Salvia miltiorrhiza)
• Antioxidant support for circulatory health.
 • Used traditionally in Chinese medicine, recent research
in the West confirms Salvia’s importance for supporting
cardiovascular health and liver function.
• Sage root is used for the treatment of agina and chronic
glomerulonephritis. It is useful in reducing all uremic indices
when used in the early stages of kidney failure.
• Salvia has been used in treatment of chronic renal
insufficiency in China for at least thirty years. In 1989,
Japanese researchers reported on isolation of a constituent of
salvia responsible for promoting renal function, which was
identified as lithospermate B which enhances plasma blood
flow and reduces glomerular filtration rate in the kidneys of
laboratory animals suffering renal failure. In 1993, Chinese
researchers in Hangzhou reported on the effect of salvia
injection in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis for renal
failure, claiming it could markedly increase the clearance rate
and ultrafiltration rate of creatinine, urea nitrogen, and uric
acid (6). A study in Japan published in 2000 further noted that
salvia inhibited nitrogen oxide (NO) production which was
thought to be a contributor to both acute and chronic renal
failure , while a study in Korea published in 2004 suggested
that scavenging of free radicals in the kidneys was part of
the mechanism of action for both salvia and its component
lithospermate B (8)
Maitake Mushroom
• Research suggests that Maitake improves the lipid profile and
appears to have blood sugar modulating effects. A 2002 study
concluded that Maitake favorably influences glucose/insulin
metabolism in insulin-resistant mice. Research suggests that
maitake mushroom is immunostimulatory, can lower blood
pressure, improve the lipid profile and appears to have some
hypoglycemic effects. A study conducted in 2002 concluded
that maitake mushroom, favourably influences glucose/
insulin metabolism in insulin-resistant mice. The lowering of
both circulating glucose and insulin concentrations suggests
that maitake mushroom works primarily by enhancing
peripheral insulin sensitivity.
Actions and Indications
GlycosciaTM is used to treat diabetes mellitus and insulin
resistance. The blend of ingredients have the following list of
actions:
• Anti-inflammatory
• Hypoglycemic
• Enhances peripheral insulin sensitivity
• Antioxidant
• Enhances glomerular filtration
• Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor
• Aldose reductase inhibitor
• Decreases serum cholesterol and triglycerides; increases
HDL levels
The glycation theory of aging and tissue damage
Glycation (also called the Maillard reaction, or non-enzymatic
glycosylation) is a reaction by which reducing sugars become
attached to proteins without the assistance of an enzyme.
Advanced Gylcation Endproducts (AGEs) in tissues increase
the rate of free radical production to 50-times the rate of free-
radical production by unglycated proteins. AGEs attached to LDL-
cholesterol accelerates oxidation and subsequent atherosclerosis.
The irreversible cross-linked proteins of AGEs in vessel collagen
also contributes to atherosclerosis, as well as to kidney failure --
conditions worsened in diabetes. (9) Cataracts are composed of
urea-insoluble proteins in the lens of the eye. AGEs aggravate
protein cross-linking in the plaques & tangles of Alzheimer’s
disease, thereby accelerating neuron death. (10)
The higher glycation rate in diabetics is undoubtedly related to the
fact that diabetes greatly resembles accelerated aging. Hemoglobin
glycation is often used as a time-integrated (as opposed to
instantaneous) measure of blood glucose levels in diabetics. AGEs
are universal symptoms of aging -- adversely affecting skin, lungs,
muscles, blood vessels and organ-function in general. Increased
insulin resistance and other symptoms of diabetes are commonly
seen features of aging. Diabetes-like atherosclerosis and the
resultant generalized reduction in blood flow has an adverse effect
on most organ systems.
It appears that fructose and galactose have approximately ten times
the glycation activity of glucose, the primary body fuel. Glycation
is the first step in the evolution of these molecules through a
complex series of very slow reactions in the body known as
Amadori reactions, Schiff base reactions, and Maillard reactions;
all lead to advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs). Some AGEs
are benign, but others are more reactive than the sugars they are
derived from, and are implicated in many age-related chronic
diseases such as: type II diabetes mellitus (beta cell damage),
cardiovascular diseases (the endothelium, fibrinogen and collagen
are damaged), Alzheimer’s disease (amyloid proteins are side
products of the reactions progressing to AGEs), cancer (acrylamide
and other side products are released), peripheral neuropathy (the
myelin is attacked), and other sensory losses such as deafness (due
to demyelination) and blindness (mostly due to microvascular
damage in the retina). This range of diseases is the result of the
very basic level at which glycations interfere with molecular and
cellular functioning throughout the body and the release of highly-
oxidizing side products such as hydrogen peroxide. (11)
Glycated substances are eliminated from the body slowly, since
the renal clearance factor is only about 30%. This implies that the
half-life of a glycation within the body is about double the average
cell life. Red blood cells are the shortest-lived cells in the body
(120 days), so, the half life is about 240 days. This fact is used
in monitoring blood sugar control in diabetes by monitoring the
glycated hemoglobin level. As a consequence, long-lived cells
(such as nerves, brain cells) and long-lasting proteins (such as DNA,
eye crystalline, and collagen) may accumulate substantial damage
over time. Metabolically-active cells such as the glomeruli in the
kidneys, retina cells in the eyes, and beta cells (insulin-producing)
in the pancreas are also at high risk of damage. The epithelial cells
of the blood vessels are damaged directly by glycations, which
are implicated in atherosclerosis, for example. Atherosclerotic
plaque tends to accumulate at areas of high blood flow (such as the
entrance to the coronary arteries) due to the increased presentation
of sugar molecules, glycations and glycation end-products at these
points. Damage by glycation stiffens the collagen in the blood
vessel walls which can lead to high blood pressure. Glycations
also cause weakening of the collagen in the blood vessel walls,
which may lead to micro- or macro-aneurisms; this may cause
strokes if in the brain.
Synergistic Products
• Histona Ulterior (metabolic support)
• Connectivar (connective tissue support)
• Scienca (epigenetic enhancement)
Dosage
One (1) capsule twice daily or as directed by a health care professional.

See Also
• Carnosine
• Cell Adhesion Molecules (CAMs)
• Endothelial dysfunction
• Flavonoid glycosides
• Galectin 3, hGal-3
• Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency
• Glycation
• Glycosylation
• Longevity
• Oxidative stress
• Polyamines
• Rhesus (Rh) Blood Group

References
1. J Am Diet Assoc. 2005 Jan;105(1):65-71.
2. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo). 1998 Aug;46(8):1339-40
3. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol. 1999 Oct;43(4):510-4
4. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2006 Feb 1;210(3):225-35. Epub 2005 Jun 21
5. North American Pharmacal , Inc Technical Reference. 89-90
6. http://www.dadamo.com/wiki/wiki.pl/Resveratrol
7. Am J Chin Med. 2005;33(3):491-500.
8. Life Sci. 2004 Aug 27;75(15):1801-16
9. DiabetesS 46(Suppl 2):S19-S25 (1997)
10. Brain Research Review 23:134-143 (1997).
11. http://www.dadamo.com/wiki/wiki.pl/Glycation.

Model: NP056
* Manufactured by: Genoma Nutritionals

copyright © 2010, North American Pharmacal, Inc. All Rights Reserved. REV:051310:wst
These statements have not been evaluated by the FDA (U.S. Food & Drug Administration).
Our products are not intended to diagnose, cure or prevent any disease. If a condition persists, please contact your physician.
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