Assignment

Polyphase Power Measurements

Using
Single-Phase Wattmeter and
Three-Phase Wattmeters

Submitted to Sir Sajjad

Submitted by Shehzeen Amir
Roll no 925

Instruments and measurements

Class B.E 5

Lahore College for Women University,

Lahore
Abstract:
This project is based on touch plate sensor in which we anlyze how a relay respond
when we touch the input metal plate for a short period of time.

Description:

This is the circuit diagram of a small touch plate controller using IC NE 555 .This
circuit is ideally useful for making touch operated doorbells, buzzers, toys etc
which when touched on the touch plate operates the relay for a preset time and the
turns off automatically.

This circuit is realized by utilizing the high input impedance of trigger pin of the
555 IC.When  the IC is triggered by the induced voltage of human body the output
goes high for a time determined by R1 and C1.The transistor is used to drive the
relay. The relay contacts can be used to drive the load like bell, motor , lights etc.

Circuit diagram:
Components list:
 Touch plate
 555 timer IC
 Relay 12V dc relay,operating currents less than 200mA
 Diodes: DR50 or 1N 4001
 Resistor: 1 MΩ or 0.25 W
 Capacitor: 100µ 12V

Working:

Touch a metal plate and the project turns on. When the finger is removed, the
circuit turns off. The finger can touch the metal plate for any length of time. We
also include the feature where the circuit extends the ON period, so the circuit
stays on for a length of time after the finger is removed.

Connections:
We have connected Touch Plate on pin number 2. Two diodes on pin number 3
and relay. Pin number 6 and 7 are common and capacitor is connected with them.
Pin number 4 and 8 are also common +12V are provided to them. Resistance of
1M is inserted in between pin number 4 and 7. There is no connection on pin
number 5. Pin number 1 grounded and one plate of capacitor is also grounded

Components Description:
Relay:

A relay is an electromagnetic switch operated by a relatively small electric current

that can turn on or off a much larger electric current. Think of it as a kind of
electric lever or see-saw: switch it on with a tiny current and it switches on another
appliance using a much bigger current. Why is that useful? As the name suggests,
many sensors are incredibly sensitive pieces of electronic equipment and produce
only small electric currents. But often we need them to drive bigger pieces of
apparatus that use bigger currents. Relays bridge the gap, making it possible for
small currents to activate larger ones. That means relays can work either as
switches (turning things on and off) or as amplifiers (converting small currents into
larger ones).

In our project circuit, we use 12V DC relay as shown above. In this relay, we
connect the positive supply to the bottom left terminal. The negative supply or
ground is provided to the bottom right terminal. The bottom mid terminal is closed
with the upper right terminal. When we touch the touch plate sensor then 555 timer
work and the relay do its operation and now the bottom mid terminal is connected
with upper left terminal.

555 Timer:

555 is a very commonly used IC for generating accurate timing pulses. It is an 8pin
timer IC and has mainly two modes of operation: monostable and astable. In
monostable mode time delay of the pulses can be precisely controlled by an
external resistor and a capacitor whereas in astable mode the frequency & duty
cycle are controlled by two external resistors and a capacitor.
Output of the project:
 A relay produces a beep sound on touching a tiny metal plate.