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  • Modals 2

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    Francesca Cerés Latorre
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    Modal verbs are auxiliary verbs that provide additional meaning to the main verb of a sentence. They indicate probability, ability, permission, obligation, offers, necessity, and prohibition. Common modal verbs include can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, ought to, had better, need to, and mustn't. Modal verbs are used without suffixes and do not take infinitives or "-ing" forms. The modal perfect tense uses modal verbs like must have, may/might have, could have, shouldn't have to talk about possibilities, regrets, criticisms in the past.

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    Modal verbs are auxiliary verbs that provide additional meaning to the main verb of a sentence. They indicate probability, ability, permission, obligation, offers, necessity, and prohibition. Common modal verbs include can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, ought to, had better, need to, and mustn't. Modal verbs are used without suffixes and do not take infinitives or "-ing" forms. The modal perfect tense uses modal verbs like must have, may/might have, could have, shouldn't have to talk about possibilities, regrets, criticisms in the past.

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    4K views1 page

    Modals 2

    Uploaded by

    Francesca Cerés Latorre
    Modal verbs are auxiliary verbs that provide additional meaning to the main verb of a sentence. They indicate probability, ability, permission, obligation, offers, necessity, and prohibition. Common modal verbs include can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, ought to, had better, need to, and mustn't. Modal verbs are used without suffixes and do not take infinitives or "-ing" forms. The modal perfect tense uses modal verbs like must have, may/might have, could have, shouldn't have to talk about possibilities, regrets, criticisms in the past.

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    What are modal verbs?

    They are AUXILIARY verbs that provide additional and specific meaning to the main verb of the sentence.

    SUBJECT + MODAL + VERB ►No -s in singular ►No do/ does in the question ►No don't/doesn't in neg.
    ► No infinitives or -ing forms.
    MODALS PROBABILITY/ ABILITY PERMISSION OBLIGATION/ OFFERS NECESSITY PROHIBITION LACK OF
    POSSIBILITY ADVICE OBLIGATION
    CAN I can play the piano. Can I go out tonight?
    CAN'T She can't be the mum. I can't speak English.
    She is too young.
    MIGHT It might rain tomorrow.
    COULD It could rain tomorrow. I could already read Could I see your
    when I was two. passport please, sir?
    MAY It may rain tomorrow. May I leave the table?
    MUST She must be her sister You must study harder.
    because they look alike.
    HAVE TO I have to study tonight.
    SHALL You shall pay on Tuesday. Shall I help you?
    SHOULD/ You should see it.It's great!
    OUGHT TO You ought to apply for the job.
    HAD BETTER You'd better sleep more.
    NEED TO I need to find a job.
    NEEDN'T/ You needn't start work
    DON'T HAVE before ten.
    TO We don't have to work today.
    MUSTN'T You mustn't
    eat in class!
    MODAL PERFECT
    To express a situation in the past. USES EXAMPLES
    MUST HAVE + Past participle Logical conclusion about a fact in the past Peter has arrived late. He must have been in a traffic jam.

    MAY / MIGHT / COULD HAVE + p.p. Possibilities in the past. Joe may/ might have taken the wrong train.

    COULD HAVE + Past participle suggested alternatives in the past. You could have become a doctor.

    CAN'T HAVE + Past participle expressing impossibilities in the past. You can't have done it!
    You can't have passed the exam.
    SHOULD/ OUGHT TO HAVE + p.p. Regrets about past actions. You should have warned me earlier.

    Criticism about something in the past He shouldn't have told them.


    SHOULDN'T HAVE + P.P. that shouldn't have happened. They shouldn't have gone out late yesterday but they did.

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