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(a) With three legs (vertical limbs) (b) With five legs (vertical limbs)
The magnetic flux of one leg must close through the Free return of the flux through the external legs.
other two legs and the flux also flows through the
windings of the other phases, namely the transformer
has non free return of the flux.
There are two different technologies for stacking the sheets of the magnetic material of the core:
More than 30 years of experience in transformer All the transformer offers are treated very carefully
manufacturing (the manufacturing site is active in order to finally give an offer, which fully
since 1969). As a result, the best techniques and satisfies the needs of the transformer user.
methods are used during transformer design and The offer is technically complete and represents
manufacturing. the optimum technical and economical solution for
the specific transformer application.
The application of the ISO 9001 quality assurance
system in combination with the very careful The wound core technology that is followed has
monitoring of the whole industrial process lead in the following advantages, in comparison with the
the manufacturing of high quality transformers. stack core technology:
A.3.2 Windings
The type of coil is rectangular concentric winding.
For the low voltage coil, copper sheet or copper CORES
rectangular wire is mainly used.
The high voltage coil is constructed from copper wire
or copper rectangular wire. The combination of copper
sheet in low voltage with copper wire in high voltage
plus coated press paper with epoxy resin as interlayer
insulation, increases the coil’s ability to withstand
short-circuit.
A.3.4 Assembly
For the transformer assembly, the following basic two vacuum chambers, in which the transformers
equipment is used: are filled with oil,
one crane of 35 tons and two cranes of 5 tons, machines for the processing of transformer oil, so
that the oil obtains the appropriate characteristics,
one drying chamber to dry the active parts in order
according to the international standards.
to remove the moisture, which is absorbed by the
transformer insulating materials during the
production procedure,
A.4.1 Tank
The transformer tank consists of the bottom plate, The corrugated panels do not allow the creation
frame, and the tank sides. of significant increase of pressure internally,
which is caused by the increase of oil temperature
The tank sides are made of corrugated panels in order during transformer’s operation.
to increase the total cooling area.
The transformer tank has two earthing points.
The tank of sealed type transformers (without oil The rolling system or the base skid is welded to the
conservator) is filled with oil and is sealed. tank bottom plate.
A.4.2 Cover
There are two lifting lugs on the tank cover, Moreover, a neutral earthing link is also placed on the
which are used for lifting and carrying the transformer. cover. A pressure relief device is usually placed on the
On request, the thermometer pocket and the cover of the sealed type transformers.
thermometer with two electrical contacts are placed
on the cover.
A.4.4 Rollers
The transformers up to 160 kVA are usually manufactured as pole-mounted. The transformers above 160 kVA are
equipped with bi-directional rollers.
Buchholz relay
Tap changer
High voltage
bushings
Oil conservator Low voltage
bushings
Oil level
indicator Lifting lug
Rating plate
Tank
Rollers
The transformer tests are classified, in accordance with the specification IEC 76, as follows:
Type tests.
Routine tests.
Special tests.
(b) Measurement of the voltage ratio and (d) Measurement of load losses
check of phase displacement The measurement of load losses is implemented with
The measurement of the voltage ratio is performed the secondary winding short-circuited and by
according to IEC 76-1. increasing the voltage of the primary winding till the
The objective of the specific test is to compare the current of the primary winding reaches its nominal
measured values of the transformer ratio with the value. The load losses are calculated at the reference
respective guaranteed values. temperature of 75ºC.
For the transformer, the turns ratio is equal to the
voltage ratio of primary and secondary winding,
namely: (e) Measurement of no load current and
no-load losses
U1 N1 The measurement is performed according to IEC 76-1.
= The no load current represents the real value of current
U2 N2
that is required to magnetize the magnetic core.
The no-load losses represent the active power that is
absorbed by the transformer core when it is applied
rated voltage and rated frequency in the one winding
(e.g. secondary) and the other winding (e.g. primary)
is open-circuited.
The procedure of the measurement is as follows. With this test, the dielectric strength between turns
and layers is verified.
(a) MV windings
The LV windings are short-circuited and grounded with
the transformer tank. Then, single-phase voltage is
applied to the MV windings, this voltage is determined
by the voltage of the MV system, in which the
transformer is going to be connected.
(b) LV windings
The MV windings are short-circuited and grounded
with the transformer tank. Then, single-phase voltage
is applied to the LV windings, this voltage is
determined by the voltage of the LV system, in which
the transformer is going to be connected.
Pn= Un In √3
where Un is the rated voltage and In is the rated current of the transformer.
A.6.11 Noise
The transformer noise is due to the magnetostriction of the sheets of the magnetic circuit.
In general, a transformer operating at low magnetic induction has low noise level.
A.6.12 Efficiency
The distribution transformers are very efficient where S is the transformer load in VA, losses are the
machines since their efficiency is greater than 95%. losses in W and cos Ê is the power factor.
The power efficiency of any electrical machine is The transformer efficiency is increased with the
defined as the ratio of the useful power output to the decrease of transformer losses.
total power input. The efficiency can be defined by The transformer losses are divided into no-load losses
simultaneously measuring the output and the input and load losses. The no-load losses are constant, while
power. However, this measurement is expensive and the load losses are proportional to the transformer
difficult, especially for large machines. Moreover, in load. Consequently, the efficiency of the transformer
case of high efficiency machines (e.g. transformer), is calculated by the following formula:
higher precision can be achieved, if the efficiency is
expressed through the losses. Consequently, the S cos Ê
transformer efficiency is calculated by the following n=
formula: S cos Ê + NLL + LL(S/SB )2
S cos Ê
n= where NLL are the no-load losses, LL are the load
S cos Ê + losses losses and SB is the rated power of the transformer
in VA.
The transformer manufacturing is based on the standards may be modified and in that case they are
international standards as well as on specific republished.
customer needs. From time to time, some of the A list of transformer standards, according to IEC,
is shown in Table 4.
The above standards are related with the electrical withstand of transformers. The DIN standard defines
characteristics and the accessories of transformers. the transformer accessories and the CENELEC
The IEC 76 standard describes the electrical standard defines the lists of transformer losses and
characteristics and the transformer tests that are short-circuit impedance.
related with the dynamic, thermal and electrical
A.8 Tolerances
πtem Tolerance
Voltage ratio The lower of the following values:
a) ±0.5% of guaranteed voltage ratio
b) ±1/10 of the measured short-circuit impedance on
the principal tapping
Short-circuit impedance ±10% of the guaranteed short-circuit impedance
No-load losses +15% of the guaranteed no-load losses
Load losses +15% of the guaranteed load losses
Total losses (load and no-load) +10% of the guaranteed total losses
(load and no-load)
No-load current +30% of the guaranteed no-load current
A.9.1 Overloading
The rated overloading of transformer depends on the For example, if the transformer is loaded with 50% of
transformer’s previous load or the corresponding oil its rated power continuously, then the transformer can
temperature at the beginning of the overloading. be overloaded to150% of its rated power for 15
Examples of the permissible duration and the minutes or to 120% of its rated power for 90 minutes.
respective levels of the acceptable overloadings are
shown in Table 6.
Moreover, it should be noted that the oil temperature Therefore, the determination of the permissible
is not a safe measure for the winding temperature, duration of the overloading must be done very
since the time constant of the oil is 2 to 4 hours, while carefully, since there is a danger for the winding
the time constant of the winding is 2 to 6 minutes. temperature to exceed the critical temperature of
105ºC, without this being visible by the oil
temperature.
UK min
Pi = Pni , An arithmetic example of the load distribution of
UKi
transformers in parallel operation is given in ¨ A.13.3.
Customer
Sales engineer
Transformer type three-phase single-phase
Rated power (kVA)
Rated primary/secondary voltage (kV)
Frequency (Hz) 50 60
Installation indoor outdoor
Altitude ≤1000 m >1000 m
Cooling ONAN other
Transformer type oil dry type
Oil conservator yes no
Transformer dimensions (mm) length width height
Taps ± 2x2.5% others
Short-circuit impedance (%) at 75°C
Vector group
No-load losses (W) tolerance acc. to IEC other tolerance
Load losses (W) tolerance acc. to IEC other tolerance
Quantity (items)
Unit price (;)
Payment method
Order date
Delivery date
Comments
The selection of the most appropriate transformer starts with the definition of the proper and detailed
specification. The special needs of each project specify the special characteristics or accessories that are needed.
The evaluation of the alternative transformer offers depends on the transformer user. The economic evaluation
method of the transformers by the electrical utilities and industrial users is presented below.
Basic Equipment
3-position tap changer with ± 5 % tappings at 20 kV.
LV and HV bushings.
Valves for filling, filtering and oil sampling.
Pole-mounting elements.
Rating plate.
Electrical Characteristics
Rated Power (kVA) 5 10 15 20 25 30 50
No-load losses (W) (*) 55 55 70 85 105 120 180
Load losses at 20 kV (W)(*) 150 320 485 650 725 800 1350
Voltage drop cosÊ =1 3.04 3.23 3.26 3.28 2.94 2.71 2.74
at full load (%) cosÊ = 0.8 3.99 4.00 4.00 4.00 3.97 3.93 3.93
Rated short-circuit impedance (%)(*) 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
Load cosÊ =1 96.06 96.39 96.43 96.46 96.79 97.02 97.03
Efficiency (%) 100% cosÊ =0.8 95.12 95.52 95.58 95.61 96.02 96.31 96.32
Load cosÊ =1 96.42 96.96 97.04 97.08 97.34 97.53 97.56
75% cosÊ = 0.8 95.56 96.23 96.33 96.38 96.69 96.93 96.96
Order Details
Rated power Load losses
Short-circuit impedance Altitude of installation (if the altitude exceeds 1000 m)
Rated voltages Primary tappings
No-load losses Special accessories
Rated frequency Ambient temperature
(*) Transformers with different losses and short-circuit impedance can be manufactured, on request.
6. Rating plate
7. Off-load tap changer
8. Transformer base
9. Pole mounted elements
Dimensions (mm)
Rated power (kVA) 5 10 15 20 25 30 50
A (mm) 620 620 690 690 730 730 805
B (mm) 540 540 630 630 640 640 770
C (mm) 930 1050 1020 1020 1020 1020 1035
Total weight (Kg) 115 140 155 165 210 225 295
Due to evolution of standards and materials, the present manual will bind us only after confirmation from our
transformer design department.
Basic Equipment
5-position tap changer with ± 2 x 2.5 % tappings at 20 kV.
LV and HV bushings.
Oil conservator with oil level indicator.
Thermometer with oil level indicator and electrical contacts.
Buchholz relay.
Air dehumidifier.
Valves for filling, filtering and oil sampling.
Bi-directional rollers.
Rating plate.
Electrical Characteristics
Rated power (kVA) 250 400 500 630 800 1000 1250 1600
No-load losses (W)(*) 610 850 1000 1200 1450 1750 2100 2550
No-Load losses at 20 kV (W)(*) 4450 6450 7800 9300 11000 13500 16400 19800
Voltage drop cosÊ=1 1.94 1.78 1.73 1.65 1.55 1.52 1.48 1.41
at full load (%) cosÊ=0.8 4.92 4.82 4.79 4.74 4.68 4.66 4.64 4.59
Rated short-circuit impedance (%)(*) 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
Load cosÊ=1 98.02 98.21 98.27 98.36 98.47 98.50 98.54 98.62
Efficiency (%)) 100% cosÊ=0.8 97.53 97.77 97.85 97.96 98.09 98.13 98.18 98.28
Load cosÊ=1 98.37 98.53 98.58 98.66 98.74 98.77 98.81 98.87
75% cosÊ=0.8 97.97 98.17 98.24 98.33 98.43 98.47 98.51 98.59
Order Details
Rated power Vector group
Short-circuit impedance Altitude of installation (if the altitude exceeds 1000 m)
Rated voltages Primary tappings
No-load losses Special accessories
Rated frequency Ambient temperature
Load losses Details of cable boxes (on request)
(*) Transformers with different losses and short-circuit impedance can be manufactured, on request.
D D
1. Transformer tank
2. Tank cover
3. Lifting lugs
4. Roller DIN 42561
5. Draining and sampling valve DIN 42551
6. Neutral earthing link
B
7. High voltage bushing DIN 42531
8. Low voltage bushing DIN 42530
9. Low voltage connector DIN 43675
10. Tap changer
11. Thermometer with two electrical
contacts A
12. Oil conservator
13. Buchholz relay
14. Air dehumidifier
15. Filling valve DIN 42553
16. Oil level indicator
17. Rating plate
18. Tank earthing point
Dimensions (mm)
Rated power (kVA) 250 400 500 630 800 1000 1250 1600
A (mm) 1475 1700 1735 1710 1855 1960 1940 2155
B (mm) 905 1005 1005 1050 1195 1290 1270 1450
C (mm) 1530 1490 1720 1815 1890 1895 2085 2095
D (mm) 520 670 670 670 670 820 820 820
Total weight (Kg) 1100 1380 1700 1940 2380 2650 3200 3760
Due to the evolution of standards and materials, the present manual will bind us only after confirmation from our
transformer design department.
Basic Equipment
5-position tap changer with ± 2 x 2.5 % tappings at 20 kV.
LV and HV bushings.
Oil conservator with oil level indicator.
Thermometer with oil level indicator and contacts.
Buchholz relay.
Air dehumidifier.
Valves for filling, filtering and oil sampling.
Bi-directional rollers.
Rating plate.
Electrical Characteristics
Rated Power (kVA) 250 400 500 630 800 1000 1250 1600
No-load losses (W)(*) 425 610 750 860 940 1100 1350 1700
Load losses at 20 kV (W)(*) 3250 4600 5500 6500 8700 10500 13300 17000
Voltage drop cosÊ=1 1.37 1.22 1.17 1.11 1.26 1.22 1.24 1.24
at full load (%) cosÊ=0.8 3.33 3.25 3.22 3.17 4.49 4.47 4.48 4.48
Rated short-circuit impedance (%)(*) 4 4 4 4 6 6 6 6
Load cosÊ=1 98.55 98.71 98.77 98.85 98.81 98.85 98.84 98.84
Efficiency (%) 100% cosÊ=0.8 98.20 98.40 98.46 98.56 98.52 98.57 98.56 98.56
Load cosÊ=1 98.81 98.95 98.99 99.05 99.04 99.07 99.07 99.07
75% cosÊ=0.8 98.52 98.69 98.73 98.82 98.80 98.85 98.84 98.84
Order Details
Rated power Vector group
Short-circuit impedance Altitude of installation (if the altitude exceeds 1000 m)
Rated voltages Primary tappings
No-load losses Special accessories
Rated frequency Ambient temperature
Load losses Details of cable boxes (on request)
(*) Transformers with different losses and short-circuit impedance can be manufactured, on request.
D D
1. Transformer tank
2. Tank cover
3. Lifting lugs
4. Roller DIN 42561
5. Draining and sampling valve DIN 42551
6. Neutral earthing link
B
7. High voltage bushing DIN 42531
8. Low voltage bushing DIN 42530
9. Low voltage connector DIN 43675
10. Tap changer
11. Thermometer with two electrical
contacts A
12. Oil conservator
13. Buchholz relay
14. Air dehumidifier
15. Filling valve DIN 42553
16. Oil level indicator
17. Rating plate
18. Tank earthing point
Dimensions (mm)
Rated power (kVA) 250 400 500 630 800 1000 1250 1600
A (mm) 1580 1710 1705 1790 1950 2030 2120 2300
B (mm) 880 900 1020 1000 1140 1260 1350 1300
C (mm) 1480 1560 1580 1670 1740 1780 1880 1950
D (mm) 520 670 670 670 670 820 820 820
Total weight (Kg) 1150 1500 1750 2100 2400 2800 3200 4050
Due to the evolution of standards and materials, the present manual will bind us only after confirmation from our
transformer design department.
Basic Equipment
Voltage selector.
5-position tap changer with ± 2 x 2.5 % tappings at 20 kV and ± 2 x 3.33 % tappings at 15 kV.
LV and HV bushings.
Oil conservator with oil level indicator.
Thermometer with level indicator and contacts.
Buchholz relay.
Air dehumidifier.
Valves for filling, filtering and oil sampling.
Bi-directional rollers.
Rating plate.
Electrical Characteristics
Rated power (kVA) 250 400 500 630 800 1000 1250 1600
No-load losses (W)(*) 575 810 930 1000 1180 1360 1720 1950
Load losses as 20 kV (W)(*) 4000 6350 7500 9300 10800 12800 13500 17400
Voltage drop cosÊ=1 1.77 1.75 1.67 1.65 1.52 1.45 1.25 1.26
at full load (%) cosÊ=0.8 4.82 4.81 4.76 4.74 4.66 4.62 4.49 4.49
Rated short-circuit impedance (%)(*) 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
Load cosÊ=1 98.20 98.24 98.34 98.39 98.52 98.60 98.80 98.81
Efficiency (%) 100% cosÊ=0.8 97.76 97.81 97.94 98.00 98.16 98.26 98.50 98.51
Load cosÊ=1 98.52 98.56 98.65 98.70 98.81 98.87 99.02 99.03
75% cosÊ=0.8 98.15 98.21 98.31 98.38 98.51 98.59 98.77 98.79
Order Details
Rated power Vector group
Short-circuit impedance Altitude of installation (if the altitude exceeds 1000 m)
Rated voltages Primary tappings
No-load losses Special accessories
Rated frequency Ambient temperature
Load losses Details of cable boxes (on request)
(*) Transformers with different losses and short-circuit impedance can be manufactured, on request.
D
D
1. Transformer tank
2. Tank cover
3. Lifting lugs
4. Roller DIN 42561
5. Draining and sampling valve DIN 42551
6. Neutral earthing link
B
Dimensions (mm)
Rated power (kVA) 250 400 500 630 800 1000 1250 1600
A (mm) 1530 1650 1873 1758 2025 1990 2135 2240
B (mm) 925 1035 960 1005 1225 1230 1280 1470
C (mm) 1520 1530 1718 1820 1890 1890 1910 2080
D (mm) 520 670 670 670 670 820 820 820
Total weight (Kg) 1100 1560 1800 2100 2550 2800 3200 3760
Due to the evolution of standards and materials, the present manual will bind us only after confirmation from our
transformer design department.
Basic Equipmemt
5-position tap changer with ± 2 x 2.5 % tappings at 20 kV.
LV and HV bushings.
Valves for filling, filtering and oil sampling.
Oil level indicator.
Bi-directional rollers.
Rating plate.
Pressure relief device.
Thermometer with two electrical contacts.
Electrical Characteristics
Rated power (kVA) 25 40 50 63 100 125 160 250 400 630 800 1000 1600
No-load losses (W)(*) 110 170 180 230 320 380 460 650 930 1270 1350 1700 2300
Load losses at 20 kV (W)(*) 700 985 1100 1350 1750 2100 2350 3250 4600 6500 8600 10500 13600
Voltage drop cosÊ=1 2.84 2.51 2.26 2.20 1.81 1.75 1.54 1.47 1.32 1.21 1.25 1.22 1.03
at full load (%) cosÊ=0.8 3.96 3.87 3.77 3.75 3.57 3.54 3.43 4.63 4.53 4.46 4.48 4.47 4.33
Rated short-circuit impedance (%)(*) 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 6 6 6 6 6 6
Load cosÊ=1 96.86 97.19 97.50 97.55 97.97 98.05 98.27 98.46 98.64 98.78 98.77 98.79 99.02
Efficiency (%) 100% cosÊ=0.8 96.11 96.52 96.90 96.96 97.48 97.58 97.85 98.09 98.30 98.48 98.47 98.50 98.77
Load cosÊ=1 97.38 97.64 97.91 97.95 98.29 98.36 98.54 98.70 98.84 98.97 98.98 99.00 99.18
75% cosÊ=0.8 96.75 97.07 97.41 97.45 97.87 97.96 98.18 98.37 98.56 98.71 98.73 98.75 98.97
Order Details
Rated power Vector group
Short-circuit impedance Altitude of installation (if the altitude exceeds 1000 m)
Rated voltages Primary tappings
No-load losses Special accessories
Rated frequency Ambient temperature
Load losses Details of cable boxes (on request)
(*) Transformers with different losses and short-circuit impedance can be manufactured, on request.
Alternative position
of rating plate
D D
B
1. Corrugated panels
2. Tank earthing point
3. Filling valve DIN 42553
4. Draining and sampling valve
5. Lifting lugs
6. High voltage bushings
7. Low voltage bushings DIN 42530
8. Rating plate
9. Thermometer with two electrical contacts
10. Tap changer
11. Pressure relief device
12. Rollers
13. Neutral earthing link
A 14. Oil level indicator
Dimensions (mm)
Rated power (kVA) 25 40 50 63 100 125 160 250 400 630 800 1000 1600
A (mm) 850 870 900 930 950 1000 1130 1370 1530 1820 1870 1900 2260
B (mm) 680 680 680 680 680 680 770 855 895 1160 1240 1220 1415
C (mm) 1140 1140 1140 1200 1260 1275 1275 1270 1350 1350 1460 1570 1600
D (mm) 520 520 520 520 520 520 520 520 670 670 670 820 820
Total weight (Kg) 365 435 450 500 640 705 825 1050 1450 1950 2220 2600 2740
Due to the evolution of standards and materials, the present document will bind us only after confirmation from our transformer design
department.
er = LL = 9300 = 0.014762 = 1.4762% and ex = U2k - e2r = 0.062 - 0.0147622 = 0.05816 = 5.816 %
SB 630000
Among the three transformers, the third transformer The maximum total load of the three transformers is:
has the minimum short-circuit impedance,
Ptot = Pn,1 + Pn,2 + Pn,3 = 728 + 417 + 315 = 1460 kVA.
i.e Uk, min = 4.0 %.
The load of transformer 1 is: The three transformers have total installed power:
Uk, min
Pn,1 = P1 = 800 4 = 728 kVA. P = P1 + P2 + P3 = 800 + 500 + 315 = 1615 kVA.
Uk,1 4.4
The comparison of the two offers will be based on the annual total owning cost, which is the sum of the annual
buying cost and the annual usage cost. An approximation of the annual buying cost can be found by dividing the
sales price with the years of depreciation. An approximation of the annual usage cost can be calculated based on
the annual charge due to the transformer operation (annual charge for load losses and no-load losses).
Manufacturer A Manufacturer B
The annual buying cost (:) is: The annual buying cost (:) is:
5870 : 7045 :
OC1 = = 1174 : OC2 = = 1409 :
5 5
The annual charge (:) for the no-load losses is: The annual charge (:) for the no-load losses is:
: :
NLLC1 = 8,760 h * 1.2 kW * 0.075 = 788.4 : NLLC2 = 8,760 h * 0.94 kW * 0.075 = 617.58 :
kWh kWh
The annual charge (:) for the load losses is: The annual charge (:) for the load losses is:
: :
LLC1 = (200 * 8 h) * 0,62 * 8.7 kW * 0.075 = 375.84 : LLC2 = (200 * 8 h) * 0,62 * 6.75 kW * 0.075 = 291.6 :
kWh kWh
The annual total owning cost (:) is: The annual total owning cost (:) is:
TOC1 = OC1 + NLLC1 + LLC1 = 2338.24 : TOC2 = OC2 + NLLC2 + LLC2 = 2318.18 :
As a result, although the transformer sales price of the second manufacturer is 20% more expensive (i.e. 1175
: more expensive), the transformer of the second manufacturer is finally more economical, since its annual
total owning cost is 0.9% less (i.e. 20.06 : less). From the above, it is concluded that the cheapest
transformer is not always the most economical. In particular, the difference at the annual total owning cost
could be more than 0.9%. This will happen, if we consider more years for the depreciation (instead of the
current assumption of 5 years), or if we use the transformer more (instead of the current assumption of 60%
average loading, 8 hours per day, 200 working days per year).
When the transformer is going to be installed inside an electrical room (indoor installation), particular attention
should be paid to the calculation of the dimensions of the installation area as well as to the ventilation of the
installation room. The ventilation of the electrical room influences the cooling, and consequently, the transformer’s
life. The distance between the walls of the room and the transformer end points must be from 50 to 60 cm.
F1 = 4.25 . V . 104W ,
100 H . t3
where V is the total transformer losses (kW), W is the
air resistance, H is the height (m) of the opening for the
output of air from the horizontal symmetry axis of
transformer (Figure 3), and t is the temperature rise
(°C) of the transformer room.
The cross-section area of the opening for the output of
air, F2 (m2), should be 10% to 15% larger than the
cross-section area of the opening for the input of air
(F1).
Gravel
The transformer is delivered at the industrial site of instructions and regulations of the local authorities
Schneider Electric at Inofyta, Greece. (e.g. construction authority, electrical utility).
The responsibility for the safe transportation, The unloading and transportation of the transformer
unloading, and connection to the network belongs to should be done in such a way that the transformer
the transformer user. The substation must be does not deviate by more than 15° from its horizontal
constructed after study and design from a certified position. When the transformer is installed at its
engineer and the relevant authorities (e.g. electrical position, no deviation is allowed from its horizontal
utility, etc) must approve the substation design. position. If the transformer is equipped with a
Under the transformer, there should be an oil collection Buchholz relay, the Buchholz connection instructions
tank, which has on its upper part a metallic mesh and must be followed.
gravel. The oil collection tank must have the Before the connection of the transformer to the
appropriate volume, so that in case of leakage all the network, the transformer must be optically checked,
quantity of the transformer oil can be collected within in order to ensure that it has no damage during its
the oil collection tank. The whole substation has an transportation or it has no oil leakage. In case of
isodynamic mesh. The resistance of the earthing must scratches in its painting, the transformer must be
be less than 1ø and generally the substation must be repainted immediately in order to avoid future rust.
constructed in accordance with the existing
The transformer is a very reliable electrical machine and it will practically need no maintenance during the many
years of its operation. However, this presupposes that the transformer remains clean and it is not overloaded more
than the permissible levels of duration and loading. Moreover, it also assumes that the network that the
transformer serves is not affected by short-circuits, overvoltages, thunders, and the coupling apparatus of the high
and low voltage as well as the transformer’s protective devices operate normally. In practice, it is not possible to
guarantee all these conditions, that’s why the following are recommended:
If the transformer has a Buchholz relay, the following connection instructions are suggested:
Initially, the protective cylindrical cover of the testing button of the Buchholz relay must be unscrewed, and
then the cylindrical piece of wood (which blocks the floats during transportation) must be removed.
Next, it is necessary to check (from the inspection door) if the Buchholz relay is full with oil. In case that it is not
full, the hexagonal cover must be removed and the ventilation valve must be opened so that the Buchholz relay
to be filled with oil. The filling and the free movement of the floats with the contacts are checked through the
inspection door. As soon as the Buchholz relay is filled with oil, the ventilation valve must be closed again.
A general arrangement of the Buchholz relay (and the transformer) is shown in Figure 4.
A typical wiring of thermometer and Buchholz relay connected to an alarm panel is shown in Figure 5.
Electrical contacts
The electrical contacts consist of two pairs of normally open contacts.
The one pair of contacts is used for alarm and the other pair of contacts for tripping off the circuit breaker.
The required voltage is 24-230V alternative or direct current.
;;;
;
;;
;;;
;
;;;
;;
for the transportation of the
;;
dehumidifier, in order to avoid
the absorption of moisture by
;;
the silica gel.
;;
During the placement of the
;;
dehumidifier to the transformer,
;; ;;;
;;
;;
the oil glass (which is under the
;;; ;;;
;;
dehumidifier) is removed.
;;; ;;;
;;;;
Then the oil glass is filled with
;; ;;;
;;
mineral oil until the end of the
;; ;;;
tube (which goes out of the
dehumidifier) to be sink in the oil.
In case of transformer
transportation, the dehumidifier
must be removed, its tap must
be sealed and a cap must
;;
1. Top cover Type Oil H D F silica gel Tank
be put to the tube of the oil 2. Stainless tank weight weight volume
conservator. 3. Transparent silica
gel tank VE.1 1500 kg 250 mm 100 mm 1/2” GF 0,35 kg 0,465 dm3
http://www.schneider-electric.com.gr
Customers service line: 0800-11- 62900