T

Inbound Outbound
Supplier Production Customer
Logistics Logistics

Materials
Physical distribution
management
W W
Logistics management

T – Transportation
W - Warehousing
Various Logistic functions :
1. Order processing
2. Transportation
3. Warehousing (storage in godown)
4. Inventory Management (maintain records)
5. Material / Product handling
6. Packing and packaging
7. Managing information flow
Definition by Council of Logistics Management:
International logistics is the process of planning, implementing
and controlling the flow and storage of goods, services and related
information from a point of origin (exporter /seller) to a point of
consumption (importer / buyer) located in a different country.

Inbound Logistics: It involves all activities in the inflow of raw

material from supplier to manufacturing site and through different
stages of production.

Outbound Logistics: It involves all activities in the outflow of final

product from manufacturer through various stages (wholesaler,
retailer) to the final consumer.
Importance of Logistics management
1. Ensuring availability of raw material to manufacturer and
finished goods to customer.
2. Maintaining a balance between supply and demand.
3. Customer satisfaction
4. Reduction in distribution costs.
5. It helps to achieve competitive advantage for a firm.
 Semi - Truck

Road Train
 Challenges in Road Transport

1. Limitations of amount of weight allowed to be carried.

2. LH Drive VS RH Drive

3. Road conditions

4. Tedious domestic rules and regulations

5. Speed limit, specially in Europe and America.

 Piggy – Back Train

Single Stack Container

Train

Rules and regulations governed by Govts. Of both countries.

Double Stack Container Train
Cargo Airplane
 A U.S. Navy hovercraft attached to the
Amphibious assault ship USS Kearsarge
Container-ship (LHD-3)

Hovercraft
•Air Cushion Vehicle (ACV)
family that can travel on water
as well as on land.
 Submarines
Used mainly for
defense supplies

Blimps

Blimp is an informal term

typically applied to non-rigid
airships. they have no rigid
structure that holds the
airbag in shape. Rather,
blimps rely on a higher
pressure of the gas (usually
helium)
 Barge

A barge is a flat-bottomed boat,

built mainly for river and canal
transport of heavy goods
 T A P I Pipeline

Turkmenistan-Afghanistan-Pakistan-India
INTER- MODAL / MULTI-MODAL
TRANSPORTATION

It describes a shipment that takes several different

means of transportation – road, rail, ocean, air – from
its point of departure (seller / exporter) to its point of
destination (buyer / importer.).
Factors for selecting the mode of
transport

?
 TYPES OF SHIPS
1. Containership

 Also called as BOX SHIP

 Carries cargo in containers.
 Can carry up to 6,600 TEU
 Efforts are on to build ships
to carry load up to 16000
TEU.
 e.g. Shipping Corporation
of India.
TEU – Twenty foot equivalent unit.
 TEU
-20 foot equivalent unit is the size of the
container.
- 20 ft (length) * 8 ft (width) * 8 ft 6” (height)
- Container is recognized by length.
Standard sizes : 20 ft (6.1 m), 40 ft (12.2 m), 45 ft
(13.7 m), 48 ft (14.6 m) and 53 ft (16.2 m).
 2. Roll on / Roll off ship (RORO)

- Specialized lifting
equipment not required.
- It has a ramp on which
vehicles can move in.
- Used mostly by
automobile companies.
- Special types
1. Pure Car Carrier (PCC)
2. Trot-on/Trot-off ship –
Ship designed to carry
livestock
 3. Dry Bulk Carrier

-Carrying only dry items

(no liquids)
- Eg
1. agriculture produce
2. Coal
3. iron ore
4. Dry chemicals
 4. Lighter Abroad (LASH) ship

-Container can be loaded and

unloaded from LASH mothership.
- Can carry up to 80 LASH
barges.
- Used where ports are not well
equipped or overcrowded.
- Facilitates faster loading and
unloading of barges.
- Concept was created in 1969 to
send forest produce from US to
North Europe.
5. Break Bulk ships
-Carry shipments of unusual sizes.
- When load is larger than container load (huge
machines), bulk is broken and loaded on pallets,
drums, crates,.etc
- Role is far reducing due to introduction of other
ships.
 6. Combination ship
-Used for carrying a combination of different
types of cargo.
- Eg cars,trucks, foodgrains, machinery, etc.
- It has a tweendeck

Tweendeck – In a combination ship, a deck located below

the main deck that is used to carry smaller size break-bulk
cargo.
7. Crude Carriers

- Ships designed to carry petroleum products

(unrefined)
VLCC – Very Large Crude Carrier (up to 300,000
dead wt tonnage)
ULCC – Ultra Large Crude Carrier (beyond
300,000 dead wt tonnage)
AfraMax – upto 80,000 dead wt tonnes.

•VLCC & ULCC require ports in deep water.

Eg Oil-Bulk-Ore (O-B-O) ship
 8. Product carrier
A liquid bulk ship designed to carry refined
petroleum products such as gasoline or diesel fuel
rather than crude oil.
lightering – The process by which a large vessel’s
cargo is unloaded off-shore into smaller vessels that
take the cargo to nearby ports.
Normally used for VLCC & ULCC.

9. Gas Carrier
Used for carrying LPG & LNG.