Professional Documents
Culture Documents
AND BEYOND
REMINISCENCES
by
Brigadier General Woodrow M. Kessler
U.S. Marine Corps (Retired)
Occasional Pap er
1988
TO WAKE ISLAND
AND BEYOND
REMINISCENCES
by
Brigadier General Woodrow M. Kessler
U.S. Marine Corps (Retired)
1988
Other Publications in the Occasional Papers Series
John Archer Le'eune, 1869 -1942, Register ofHis Personal Papers Lieutenant
Colonel Merrill L Bartlett, USMC (Ret) 1988 123 pp Covers some of the
more than 6 600 documents of the tejeune Papers in the Library of Congress,
photocopied for the Marine Corps Historical Center, and a small collection of
related items donated to the Center Correspondence of the Thirteenth Com-
mandant is explored with particular referencè to the nine years of his com-
mandancy, which "rethain the least known and appreciated of his
accomplishments" Includes biographical sketch
(
Foreword
The History and Museums Division has undertaken the publication for
limited distribution of various studies, theses, compilations, bibliographies,
and monographs, as well as proceedings at selected workshops, seminars, sym-
posia, and similar colloquia, which it considers to be of significant value for
audiences interested in Marine Corps history These "Occasional Papers,"
which are chosen for their intrinsic worth, must reflect structured research,
present a contribution to historical knowledge flot readily available in pub-
lished sources, and reflect original content on the part of the author, compil-
er, or editor It is the intent of the division that these occasional papers be
distnbuted to selected institutions, such as service schools, official Depart-
ment of Defense histoncal agencies, and directly concerned Manne Corps or-
ganizations, so the information contained therein will be available for study
and exploitation
This interesting memoir of Brigadier General Woodrow M Kessler's serv-
ice during World War II was sent to me in February of this year Almost
immediately, it was the consensus of opinion of the histonans who read it
that we should publish it as an occasional paper As an added bonus to later
readers, we all agreed that it should be published in its onginal format Gener-
al Kessler's calligraphy is so legible and unusual in these days that it was ap-
parent that a typed version of the manuscnpt would lose a significant personal
touch
As he notes, General Kessler enlisted in the Navy in 1931 after graduating
from high school in Massachusetts After nine months' sea service on board
the battleship JVyomrn,g, he was accepted for transfer to the Naval Academy
Preparatory School at Hampton Roads, Virginia, and became a midshipman
at Annapolis injuly 1933, a member of the class of 1937 Impressed by the
demeanor of a Manne officer English instructor at the Naval Academy, Kess-
ler opted for service in the Marine Corps after graduation He reported to
the Basic School at the Philadelphia Navy Yard, finished his training, and
asked for the new Base Defense Weapons Course at Quantico, Virginia, a
school which 'sounded like a coming thing for an ambitious young officer,
something different " He was accepted and became a member of the class
of 1940 When he graduated he reported to the ist Defense Battalion at San
Diego and was assigned as a lieutdnanr to be commander of Battery B, a unit
of 5-inch naval guns
Shipped out to Pearl Harbor early in 1941, Kessler's battalion was used
in detachments to provide the initial garrisons at Palmyra, Johnston, and Mid-
way Islands and, subsequently, Wake Island The story of his experience on
111
Wake Island in helping set up its meager defenses, his involvement in the
battle, and his experiences as ajapanese prisoner of war constitute the bulk
of his memoir As he notes in conclusion, he and his fellow Marines "had
done their best when we had the opportunity"
Awarded the Legion of Merit for combat leadership at Wake, General Kess-
1er attended the Senior Officers Course at Quantico in 1946, served in Korea
as Executive Officer, 7th Marines and Commanding Officer, ist Service Bat-
talion, and finished his acuve duty career at Troop Training Unit, Amphibi-
ous Training Command, Atlantic Fleet, at Little Creek, Virginia, in 1955
The memoir which General Kessler authored is one that gives a vivid and
highly readable account of important events in Marine Corps history We
have published it exactly as it was written and have made no attempt todo
any, in our opinion, unwarranted editing The opinions and facts represent-
ed in this publication are the author's, and dg not necessaril repreknt thosé
of the Marine Corps or the Departdienr of the Navy In pdrsuit of accuracy
and objecuvity, the History and Museums Division welcomes comments on
this publication from interested individuals and activities
iv
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