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Period

Date

CONCEPTUAL PHYSICAL SCIENCe EXPLORATIONS Chapter 13 Waves and Sound

Vibrations and, Waves

L A sine curve that represents a transverse wave is drawn below. With a ruler, measure the wavelength and amplitude of the wave.

a. Wavelength =

"

~ ,.'>

b. Amplitude = _,LJ!__;__..:!!(.!!L~

2. A kid on a playground swing makes a complete to-and-fro ~,...~s.econds. The frequency of swing is

(1 hertz) (2 hertz)

the period is

CO,S second} (l second)

3, Complete the statements.

A MARINE WEATHER STATION REPORTS WAVES ALONG THE. SHORE THAT ARE e SECOHOS APART. !He FREQuENCY 01= THE WAVES IS TH€R€ FORe

-_.....:'':-I- .... ._;",-- HERTZ.

4. The annoying sound from a mosquito is produced when it beats its wings at the average rate of 600 wingbeats per second.

\(

a. What is the fro equency ofthe sound wafl?

. (,t)O 2

b. What is the wavelength? (Assume the speed of sound is 340 m/s.)

49

Vibrations and Waves continued:

5. A rapid-fire pellet gun fires 10 rounds per seco~

The speed of the pellets is 300 m/s. ~ - ill

a. What is the distance in the air between the flying pell~ts!' 3

--=0

b. What happens to the distance betw en the pellets if the rate of fire is increased?

6. Consider a wave generator that produces 10 pulses per second. The speed of the waves is 300 em/s.

a. What is the wavelength of the waves?

b. What happens to the wavelength if the frequency of pulses is increased?

. ~Or~f!r

7. The bird at the right watches the waves. If the portion of a wave between 2 crests passes the pole each second, what is the speed of the wave?

, *''s

,

What is its period?

I s

8. If the distance between crests in the f.

above question were 1.5 meters apart, V ~ . Ie '-.

and 2 crests pass the pole each second, " what would be the speed of e wave!'

What would be its period!'

lS

9, When an automobile moves toward a listener, the sound of its horn seems relatively

(low pitched) (normal)

and when moving away from the listener, its hom seems

(normal)

(wave speed)

50

6.

ves travel fastest in

,-----,.

(liquids) (gases)

( ... same speed in each) ,

8.

(will)

(the swing will be "pushed twice as often in the right.direction)

C~:~:::::~~ ..

9. The frequency of the tuning fork is 440 h~rtz. It will NOT be forced

into vibration "by a sound of ~~ "

(220 hertz) (440 hertz)~

10. Beats are the result ~f ~he a)t _ ~a~ICeli.'i"" .n~[cement of two sound waves of

, (the same frequenc (slightly different frequencies)" .

• ~~~ __ --;;;:,;:o:;,""";'='ri";I;S",,-;;....~~-;r~¥;lii&~i~~';;0''';''''_-....:j.-'.!:"';'~ • •

\ I

11. Two notes with frequencies of 66 and 70 Hz are . \ ( sound ogether. The resulting beat frequency is

'v' .~, .... (68 hertz) (136 hertz)

12. The accepted value for the speed of sound in air is 332 m/sat O°C. The speed of sound in air increases 0.6 m/s for each Celsius degree above zero. Compute the speed of sound at the temperature of the room you are now in.

eone.ptu~JI""!iI~!i ~

©Addison-Wesley Publishing Company Inc. All rights reserved.

78

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Name ---:- Period Date _

C'

1.

,

2. The frequency of a sound signal refers 'to how frequently the vibrations occur, A high-frequency sound is heard at ,a, high .

(wavelength) (speed)

3. The sketch below shows a snap shot of the compressions and rarefactions of fhe. air in a tube' as the sound moves toward the right. The dots re.present molecules. With a ruler the' wavelength

of the sound wave is measured to be ~ cm. C

If ~~.~.~~.~~ •.• ~.~·==.==~~~.~~~~t~ .. ~.======~.~.·~:~,~;= .. ~==~.=.~~;~I;~~·.~.====.==.~t7 .. ~ .. ~:.==.==.~

,:t''': ... .. ... "~.I,,~" .., ,": .. ':~.:. II- .. • : .:.'. ,

... :....... . __ t.... .. .. . \. :..... . .. .. : .

. ... , .' .. ..~:I!· .... ".'1"- r· •• " ,. ,I

... .tt_ t .. -. •• , .• , .... "... .' •• ,.. • -.":,:. ,.. -It":· .

,.., . I' : .. ,':.... . :,:!: '.' ~.c.·t"" • E : .,,: •• It •

.,

. 4. Compared to the wavelengths of high-pitched sounds. the wavelengths of low-pitched

(short)

I

5. Suppose you set your watch by the sound of the noon whistle from a factory 3 krn away,

b. It will differ from the correc

(3 seconds)· (6 seconds) .

~~~~PHV5/CS--------~------------~----~

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77

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, .

I; .

....

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Exercise 4: At a country music festival in New Hampshire, the Oak-Ridge Boys are playing at the end of a crowded l84-m field when Ronny Fairchild hits a note on the' keyboard that has a frequency of 440. Hz. a).How many full wavelengths are. there between the stage and the last row of the crowd? b) How much delay is

there between the time a note is played and the time it is heard in the last row?

)"OeM~ ... ' , ". ~ .

• W<>"1i - O:nM ) 1,4... - 2 31 L;_~S v.{: ~x

'14#0 ~ r f ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 0; 5"'/ e

O.~t~ V 34D ~

A-l: Find the wavelength of the ultrasonic wave emitted by a bat if it has a

frequency of 4.0 x 1()4 Hz.. "

V '40-6

A '; {'~ ~o~o ~ D ,'0 <1" ~

fngth of a B note (frequency 494 Hz) played a) by a flute? ~,sax play the same note, which of the followmgwlll be ,pitch, or loudness?

Exercise 12: Aaron blows across the opening of a partially filled 20.0-cm-high soft drink bottle and finds that the air vibrates with a fundamental frequency of 472 Hz.

How high is the liquid in the bottle? '

- . ( ~ ~ ~ ~ [o ~/s . , D. 1-? w..

J~:J, beJwe.U1 ». F t:(f'UIoz. ,

~ ~o~t- ~ o; .. 'J:flOJe.. $,1'2- ... LO (,.'M. -/'is {~ a. ....

~ ~ 'l j:: -- - V, I <t ~ ::: 2(....,.. W 0-- kr

4/\ 4, ... . .

A-6: Karen flies a motorized toy airplane with a frequency of 200. Hz in a circle with a speed of 18.0 m/ s. Caroline stands nearby and hears a Doppler shift as the plane approaches and recedes from her. WI. '''r the a) highest and b) lowest

frequencies Caroline hears} O(.t..v r? tJ\.\tA D ' .~_

I. .. j~ (~t ",k..., ~ f 1 ~" e, ~ > l-.e.J ~J h> "".,..I k «r . IVjl.t!

I .... e.) ~ .J,.oA" " • • • ( o; v'''-'i (}.""l..v I • .,.,t;\ lOt

E~ample 8: In his physics lab, Sanjiv finds that he can take a long glass tube and fill it with water, using the air space at the top to simulate a pipe closed at one end. If Sanjiv holds a tuning fork, which vibrates with a fundamental frequency of 440 Hz, over the mouth of the pipe, how long is the air column if it

vibrates at the same frequency? .

V ~ ~qD j..A1_.s .

A ~ .(2 - ~Ih';: D. +T.v.

Ie<\~tt.. 0 ~ tl (19 .HM) 00.)13 '"

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Exercise 7: One way to t~ll ~ a m_osquito is about to sting is to listen for the Doppler shift as the mosquito IS flymg. The buzzing sound of a mosquito's wings is emitted at a frequency of 1050 Hz. a) If you hear a frequency of 1034 Hz, does this mean th~t the mosq~t? is ~oming in for a landing or that it has just bitten you and is flying away? ttl!"

J \,,~ o..vJo..,)

€"'" .

. .

.

Exercise 10:

Melody puts a fret on her guitar string, causing it to vibrate with a fundamental frequency of 250 Hz as a wave travels through at 350 m/s.

a) How longis the guitar string from the lower fixed end to the fret? b) How far

and in which direction must the fret be moved in order to produce a .

fundamental frequency that is twice as high (i.e., one octave higher!?

h f::- $'00 H1- ~~~;: 0,+~

l)oot-h.

1 ~E>~ :0. '35~

. Exercise 13: A red-headed piano tuner from Chicago is tuning the Bentz' piano when he discovers that the G above middle C is vibrating with a higher frequency than hisG tuning fork, which vibrates at 392~O·Hz. He plays the piano key and tuning fork 'at the same time and hears a beat frequency of 2.0 Hz. What is the

frequency of the.C on the Bentz' piano? .

.r:, :> 12Hz

~ :- f b v+- kt'3lv fl,. .. ~