INCREDULOUS STEVIA-EXHILARATING THE

FACE OF DIABETIC WORLD

KEY WORDS: Stevioside, Diabetes, hypertension,

Sweetner, therapeutics

Document By
SANTOSH BHARADWAJ REDDY
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 ABSTRACT • Much attention has been placed
on stevioside, a sweet glycoside
extracted from Stevia rebaudiana
• Stevioside an abundant
bertoni
component of Stevia rebaudiana
• This plant is a small shrub
leaf, has become well known for
originally grown in South
its intense sweetness and its use
America,, particularly in brazil
as non calorie sweetner
and paraguay
• Along with stevioside,
rebaudioside A , Steviol ,
• Stevioside is a diterpenoid
isosteviol may also offer
glycoside comprising an
therapeutic benefits like anti-
aglycone and 3 molecules of
hyperglycemic,anti-
glucose
hypertensive,anti-inflammatory,
anti-tumour and anti-diarrheal
activities

• It is of interest to note that their

effects on plasma-glucose level
and blood-pressure are only
observed when these paramaters
are higher than normal

• This reviewsummarizes the

current knowledge of the
pharmacological action,
therapeutic applications and
pharmacokinetics of
steviosideand its related
compounds.

NATURAL SOURCE
AND CHEMICAL
STRUCTURE
• Natural sweetners that can
substitute for sucrose have
caught greater attention due to
growing incidence of obesity and
EXTRACTION AND
diabetes PURIFICATION

• The isolation of stevioside from
S.rebaudiana leaves involves
liquid extraction with solvents
such as chloroform-methane,
glycerol and propyleneglycol.
• Purification of stevioside can be
performed by ion – exchange
chromatography
• Then the aqueous extract can be
reprecipitated and filtered to yeid
90% pure stevioside
PHARMACOKINETICS
OF STEVIOSIDE
• ABSORPTION
• Stevioside being a hydrophilic
diterpenoid glycoside with a
relatively high molecular weight
is unlikely to be absorb in the
intestine
• Bacterial intestinal flora of rats ,
mice , pigs are able to convert
stevioside in to its aglycone
steviol
• Mechanism of absorption
involves both passive diffusion
and carrier-mediated transport
through monocarboxylic
transport
• Taken together ,it is steviol that
is takenup by the intestine in to
the blood
• DISTRIBUTION
• Acculumation of steviol is
highest in the liver
• High performance liquid
chromatography analysisof bile
showed steviol as the major
component
• METABOLISM
• Metabolic conversion of
stevioside to steviol in rats
occurs in liver
• Steviol appears to be the major
metaboliteof stevioside appearing
in the blood circulation
• Roberts and Renwick have
reported that stevioside and
rebaudioside A are metabolised
to steviol glucuronidein rat
• In vivo studies in rat found that
unknown steviol congugates in
bile ,where further conjugation of
metabolites may occur
• EXCRETION
• In humans , urinary excretion
seems to play a predominant role
in steviol glucuronide excretion
• Wheras in rats the principal route
is via biliary excretion of steviol
glucuronide excretion
THERAPEUTIC
APPLICATIONS OF
STEVIOSIDE- ANTI-
HYPERGLYCEMIC
ACTIVITY
• At present , there is a sharp
increase in incidence of type 2
diabetes mellitus and obesity as a
result of aging, dietary habits and
decreasing population
• Currently there is a popular use
of herbal and alternative
medicine for herbal and
alternative medicine for
treatment of diabetes -

The stevioside inhibits the

glucoseproduction by in hibiting
glucagon from alpha cell of pancreas
which affects both gluconeogenesis
andglycogenlysis
• Steviol, rebaudioside A
stimaulate glucose uptake by
increasing nisulin secretion from
beta- cell( by suppressing
PEPCK ACTION)
• In humans glucose- tolerant test
was conducted in order to detect
effect of extract on plasma
glucose level OTHER
THERAPEUTIC
APPLICATIONS OF
STEVIOSIDE

• ANTI-HYPERTENSIVE
ACTIVITY

• Mean- arterial blood pressure

(MABP) varies directly with tone
of systemic vasculature (or) total
peripheral resistance (TPR) and
blood volume , changes in any of
the parameters may affectmABP

• Intravenous injection of
stevioside , reduces blood B.P in
 both normal and hypertensive CONCLUSION
rats .
• A great deal has been learned
• In humans, injection of
about the biologica and
steviosidecaused an inotropic
pharmacological effects of
effect by shortening systole
stevioside
duration ,which would reduce
stroke volume and reduce MABP
• Most of the available studies of
• ANTI-INFLAMMATORY
stevioside have been performed
ACTIVITY
in cell- structure , isolated tissues
or experimental animals.Only
• Skin inflammation induced
few studies have been carried out
usually by TPA which was
in humans
inhibited by stevioside

•
• ANTI-TUMOUR ACTIVITY
• Manyof the existing studies have
noticed that steviol is a
• TPA also induces cancer
pharmacologically active
formation in mammalian cells
compound.It was found that
• Stevioside inhibits TPA induced
steviol, but not the stevioside is
harmone which promotes skin
transported by the organic anion
cancer
transporters in the renal tubule.
• Isosteviol also retards growth of
•
3 different types of human cancer
cells

• ANTI-DIARRHOEAL
ACTIVITY
• The stevia extract inhibits the
growth of rota-virus,an RNA
virus which causes infection in
children,,,by interfering with
rota-virus binding to the host-
cells
REFERENCES
• www.sciencedirect.com
• www.stevia.net
• www.stevia.com
• Stevioside and related
sweet compounds :By
Hanson .J.R and De
Oliveira

Document By
SANTOSH BHARADWAJ REDDY
Email: help@matlabcodes.com
1.Engineeringpapers.blogsp
ot.com
2.www.matlabcodes.com
3.microcontroller-project-
codes.blogspot.com
4.microcontroller-
library.blogspot.com
5.arduino-projects-
here.blogspot.com
6.labview-
projects.blogspot.com
7.java-basics.blogspot.com
8.itsnanoworld.blogspot.com
More Papers,Projects and
Presentations available on above
sites.