Professional Documents
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Intelligent networking
Intelligent Networking
• Overview
• Conceptual models
• Example services
• Configuration
• Programming Interface
• Programming examples
• Example program
• Debugging
IN - Introduction
800 number is
Network routes call translated and
(signalling and forward routed to
voice) to special free destination
phone exchange/
server
Caller dials free-
phone 800 number
1-800-1234567 SSP SSP
PSTN
Local Local
exchange exchange
1-755-997612
Classic IN physical Architecture
Service Control Point
Control and database SCEP/
functions SMP
Intelligent Peripheral 5
Play-back X.2
announcements Service Creation Environment
SS7 SCP Point/
Service Management Point
IP SS
7
Service administration
SS
PSTN
7
Service Switching
Point - physical
circuit switching
Function of the IN SSP
• Service Administration
• Development and introduction of new services
• Modification of exsisting services
• Provides a Service Creation Environment (generally a graphical
interface)
Generalised IN call flow
7. Call progressed
through to destination
Freephone service Example
SSP
SCP Multiple
destinations
2,6
SSP
3
1 SSP
4 SSP 5
Freephone Service
SCP
IP 2,5
4
3,6
1 SSP
SSP
Televoting example
SCP
IP 1,3
3
4
2 SSP
SSP
Televoting service method (2)
Note: There may also be an ISDN link between the SSP and IP
ISUP
Dialogue handling
Establishment, maintenance and close down of dialogues
Each dialogue is identified by a dialogue_id.
Component handling
One state machine per invoked operation on the invoking side
Each operation is identified by an invoke_id.
Operation timer
Controls the duration of a invocation state machine.
Communication TCAP & TCAP-User
TC User 1.
Transaction Sublayer
3. TCAP message
SCCP
MTP
TCAP dialogue primitives
TC-Begin.Req; TC-Begin.Ind
TC-Continue.Req; TC-Continue.Ind
TC-End.Req(Basic); TC-End.Ind(Basic)
TC-End.Req(Prearranged): Local termination of the transaction
TC-User-Abort.Req; TC-User-Abort.Ind: ‘User Information’ informs about
abort reasons (normal abort, error indication)
TC-Provider-Abort.In: Sent by the transaction sub-layer of TCAP
TC-Notice.Ind: Requested SCCP service was not available
TCAP component primitives
TC-Invoke.Req / Ind
TC-Result.Last.Req / Ind
TC-User-Error.Req / Ind
TC-User-Reject.Req / Ind
TC-Local-Reject.Ind / TC-Remote-Reject.Ind: Errors detected by TCAP:
Those errors are indicated to the user. The user decides whether the error shall
be sent to the peer entity or not (controlled by sending the respective dialog
handling primitive)
TC-Cancel.Req: TCAP user requests locally the abort of a previously invoked
operation and the cancellation of the related state
TC-Cancel.Ind: Indication of an operation timer expiration to the local TCAP user.
(Interpretation by the TCAP user depends on the operation class!)
IN Conceptual Model
Q.1212
Service
One number Plane
(Not defined!)
Reverse charging
Global
Translate Screen
Q.1213 Functional
Basic call
process Charging
Plane
SIB
SIBs
Global
Q.1213 POI SIB n Functional
Basic call Plane
process SIB n
POR
BCM SCF
Distributed
Q.1214 SSF SDF
Functional
Plane
CCF SRF
Functional Entity
Functional Entities
Distributed
SCF
Q.1214
Functional
SRF
SDF
Plane
SSF
Functional Entity
SCP Physical
Q.1215 Plane
SDF SSP IP
INAP
Communication
CS1 physical FE distribution
SCP SMAF
SCF
Voice Transport SMF
Signaling IP SDF
SCEF
Optional FE
SMP
SRF SDF
SDP
SN
SCF SRF
SSF SCF
SSF
CCF
CCF
SDF
CCAF SDF
SRF
INAP to SCP
MAP to HLR Management
SCEF
• Voice messaging
subscribers record own messages which are distributed through the network
(according to a distribution list).
• Fax messaging
Record fax messages during busy hour to retransmit during off-peak charing
period.
• Short Message Service
Gateway to email networks.
• Electronic mail
Service Modelling in the CS-1 DFP
SIB n
Basic call
process SIB n
SCF
CCF
SSF SDF
The Basic Call State Model
• BCSM
• Standard definition of call processing states and events
• Switch and manufacturer independent
• Trigger Detection Points are pre-defined in both the Originating
Basic Call State Model OBCSM and the Termination Basic Call
State Model (TBCSM)
• Non-interruptable sequences of processing are called Points-In-
Call (PIC)
IN Triggers
Orig_attempt
Authorised 1
Point in Call (PIC) 2. Collect_info
Collected_info 2
Detection Point (DP)
3. Analyse_info
Route_select_failure
4
Analysed _info 3 O_Called_party_busy
4. Routing_&_alerting 5
O_No_Answer
O_Answer 7 6
9 5. O_Active
O_Disconnect 8 O_Mid_call
OBCSM Triggers
• DP1 : Origination_attempt_authorized
Call setup is recognized and authorized.
• DP2 : Collected_Information
Pre-defined number of dialed digits is collected
• DP3 : Analyzed_Information
Dialed digits are analyzed
• DP4 : Route_Select_Failure
Routing failed : no free channel, dialed number not available, network overload
• DP5 : O_Called_Party_Busy
Destination busy
• DP6 : O_NO_Answer
Caller does not answer in predefined time, Service Logic specifies the “no answer time” for SSP
• DP7 : O_Answer
Called subscriber answers: SSP receives e.g. an ANM
• DP8 : O_Mid_Call
Signal (hook flash, F-key) recognized during call
• DP9 : O_Disconnect
A or B side hangs up
• DP10 : O_Abandon
Call set-up discontinued by the A-side
CS-1 Terminating BCSM
T_Abandon
7. T_Null & Authorise
18 termination attempt 11. T_Exception
Term_attempt
Authorised 12 T_Called_Party_busy
Point in Call (PIC) 8. Select Facility &
13
Present Call
9. T_Alerting 14
T_Answer
15
17 10. T_Active 16 T_Mid_call
T_Disconnect
TBCSM Triggers
• DP12 : Termination_attempt_authorized
an incoming call attempt is recognized and authorized
• DP13 : T_Called_Party_Busy
Destination busy
• DP14 : T_No_Answer
Called party does not answer during a given time
• DP15 : T_Answer
Called line answers, I.e. the SSP receives the ANM
• DP16 : T_Mid_Call
Signal (e.g. hook flash, function key) is recognized during the active connection
• DP17 : T_Disconnect
Either A-side or B-side hangs up
• DP18 : T_Abandon
Call set-up aborted by the A-side, can happen at any time and is considered normal
Information Flows
• Semantics:
Report a trigger detection
Establishes a control relationship between SSF and SCF
• Arguments:
serviceKey
calledPartyNumber
callingPartyNumber
bearerCapability
redirectingPartyId
…..
Operation: Connect
• Semantics
Transfer the determined destination number to the SSF
Continue the call set-up
• Arguments:
destinationRoutingAddress
calledPartyNumber
callingPartyNumber
redirectingPartyId
cutAndPaste
...
Parameter: Cut and Paste
• Describes how the digit string should be processed.
– The Cut&Paste value instructs the SSP to remove the first “Cut&Paste” digits from the
dialed digits.
– The digits received from the SCP then serve as the leading digits of the destination
address which has to be formed.
– The digits already existing at the SSP will be added at the end
• Example:
– SSP receives “123456789”
– SCP instructs CutAndPaste = 4 and destination address = 503322
– SSP generates destination address 503322 56789
Operation: RequestReportBCSMEvent
• Semantics:
– arming of event detection point at the SSP for call monitoring
• Arguments:
– list of elements of type BCSMEvent
– Example:
DP5 ( = busy)
DP6 ( = no answer)
…..
– Specify DP specific conditions/parameters. (e.g. timer for DP6)
Operation: EventReportBCSM
• Semantics
– Reporting of detected event detection points
• Arguments:
– eventTypeBCSM
– eventSpecificInformationBCSM
– legID
INAP
MAP INAP
TCAP ISUP
TUP
SCCP
MTP Layer 3
MTP Layer 2
MTP Layer 1
Application Contexts
• Septel-SIU
• Septel-SIU
• Septel-SIU
Point code = 1
Local
Remote
Point code = 2
sub-system number = 0x0d
module_id = 0x2d
FE identifier = 5
sub-system number = 0x0b
FE identifier = 2
Example INAP configuration (1)
*
* Send UIS (to SCCP), ssn = 0x0c and 0x0d :
* --SSA
M-tc744-i000c-fef-d33-r8000-p010100000000
*
M-tc744-i000d-fef-d33-r8000-p010100000000
*
*
MESSAGE HEADER
D
The INAP Programmers E
L U
Manual defines the C
I
M
-
A
O L I B O
parameters and which are P O T O P
E S E R E
required with each N
-
E
–
R
-
T
-
N
-
primitive type Parameter
R
E
R
E
R
E
R
E
R
S
Q Q Q Q P
Destination address A
M Mandatory Originating address B
O Optional
Destination reference A
Originating reference B
A Exclusive OR
Result M
B Exclusive OR
Refuse reason O
C Conditional
Release method M
User reason M
Application context name O O O O O
Application context index C O
Service component primitives
Component Type
Parameter I R R
N E E E
V S R J
O U R E
K L O C
E T R T
- - - -
R R R R
E E E E
Q Q Q Q
Invoke ID M M M M
Linked ID O
Component M M M
Op code M
Parent Ind O
Class M
Timeout M
Problem code M
Pre-defined operation codes
/*
* SCF activation ASE
*/
#define INOP_InitialDP (0) See in_inc.h
/*
* Basic BCP DP ASE (ITU Q.1218 only)
*/
#define INOP_OriginationAttemptAuthorized (1) /* (ITU Q.1218 only) */
#define INOP_CollectedInformation (2) /* (ITU Q.1218 only) */
#define INOP_AnalysedInformation (3) /* (ITU Q.1218 only) */
#define INOP_RouteSelectFailure (4) /* (ITU Q.1218 only) */
#define INOP_OCalledPartyBusy (5) /* (ITU Q.1218 only) */
#define INOP_ONoAnswer (6) /* (ITU Q.1218 only) */
#define INOP_OAnswer (7) /* (ITU Q.1218 only) */
#define INOP_ODisconnect (8) /* (ITU Q.1218 only) */
#define INOP_TermAttemptAuthorized (9) /* (ITU Q.1218 only) */
#define INOP_TBusy (10) /* (ITU Q.1218 only) */
#define INOP_TNoAnswer (11) /* (ITU Q.1218 only) */
#define INOP_TAnswer (12) /* (ITU Q.1218 only) */
#define INOP_TDisconnect (13) /* (ITU Q.1218 only) */
/*
* Advanced BCP DP ASE (ITU Q.1218 only)
*/
#define INOP_OMidCall (14) /* (ITU Q.1218 only) */
#define INOP_TMidCall (15) /* (ITU Q.1218 only) */
Functional API
1. Initialise
Component
CPT
3. Service Request
2. Component
Encoding Functions
Building
Functions
MSG
Component building functions
All the above functions operate on the component buffer, which must be
subsequently formatted into a message
Service request encoding
1. Initialise
Component
2. Decode Service
Indication Functions
MSG
De-code service indication
INAP_DLG_REQ (OPEN)
UDT
INAP_DLG_IND (OPEN-RSP) TC-CONTINUE N-UNITDATA-IND
INAP_DLG_IND (DELIMIT)
h = IN_alloc_message();
IN_set_dialogue_param(INDP_dest_address, len, dptr, h);
IN_set_dialogue_param(INDP_orig_address, len, dptr, h);
IN_set_dialogue_param(INDP_applic_context_index, len, dptr, h);
IN_dialogue_open(dlg_id,h);
IN_send_message(user_id,inap_id,h);
Sending an operation
h = IN_alloc_message();
IN_init_component(prot_spec, cpt);
IN_set_operation(op_name, timeout, cpt);
IN_set_component_param( INPN_InvokeID, len, dptr, cpt);
IN_set_component_param( param1, len, dptr, cpt);
IN_set_component_param( param2, len, dptr, cpt);
IN_code_operation_invoke( dlg_id, cpt, h);
IN_send_message(user_id, inap_id, h);
Sending a delimit
The Close request is sent to end the dialogue with the remote
system (this may be pre-arranged or basic).
m = IN_alloc_message():
IN_dialogue_close(dlg_id,m);
IN_set_dialogue_param(INDP_release_method, len, dptr, m);
IN_send_message(user_id,inap_id,m);
Other examples
• Message tracing
• Software events
• Maintenance events
INTU INAP
DLG-IND (OPEN) TC-BEGIN
DLG-IND (Delimit)
DLG-REQ (OPEN-RESPONSE)
SRV-REQ (Invoke:Connect) TC-INVOKE
H:\SYSTEM7\RUN>intu -b0x8000
INTU: Example INAP application (C) 1998-1999 DataKinetics Ltd
=============================================================
Global Distributed
Service Physical General Vocabulary
INCM Structure Principles Functional Functional
plane Plane Aspects of terms
Q.1200 Q.1201 Plane Plane
Q.1202 Q.1205 Q.1208 Q.1290
Q.1203 Q.1204
• ITU-T Q.1219
• ‘The Intelligent Network’ Uyless Black, ISBN0-13-793019-4,
Prentice Hall.
• ‘The Intelligent network Standards, Their Application to
Services’ Igor Faynberg, Lawrence R. Gabuzda, Marc P.
Kaplan, Nitin J. Shah ISBN 0-07-021422-0 McGraw-Hill
• DataKinetics INAP Programmer’s Manual