Technical Manual

Technical Manual
C&C08 Digital SPC Switching System Table of Contents
Table of Contents
Chapter 2 System Architecture................................................................................................... 2-1

2.1 Overall Architecture of C&C08 Switching System ............................................................ 2-1
2.1.1 C&C08 Hardware Architecture............................................................................... 2-1
2.1.2 C&C08 Software Architecture ................................................................................ 2-2
2.2 C&C08 Switching System Configuration .......................................................................... 2-9
2.3 C&C08 Network Construction......................................................................................... 2-10
2.4 C&C08 Designing Ideas ................................................................................................. 2-12
2.4.1 Reliability Design.................................................................................................. 2-12
2.4.2 Reliability Assurance............................................................................................ 2-12
2.5 Features and Advantages of C&C08 .............................................................................. 2-12
2.5.1 Various Supplementary Services Provided.......................................................... 2-14
2.5.2 V5 Interface .......................................................................................................... 2-14
2.5.3 Internet Interface .................................................................................................. 2-15
2.5.4 Centrex Services .................................................................................................. 2-16
2.5.5 ISDN Services ...................................................................................................... 2-17
2.5.6 Intelligent Business Service ................................................................................. 2-18
Huawei Technologies Proprietary
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Technical Manual Chapter 2
C&C08 Digital SPC Switching System System Architecture
Chapter 2 System Architecture
2.1 Overall Architecture of C&C08 Switching System
2.1.1 C&C08 Hardware Architecture
As shown in Figure 2-1, the entire C&C08 Switching System comprises several major
parts including the Administration Module (AM), Communication Module (CM) and
Switching Module (SM). AM can be further divided into the Front Administration Module
(FAM) and Back Administration Module (BAM). FAM provides the interface between
the Main Processing Unit (MPU) and the operation & maintenance terminal. Messaging
via FAM carries out the establishment of inter-SM connections. All inter-SM speech
channels must go through the central switching network in the FAM. BAM, adopting the
client\server mode, acts as the bridge between the Switching system and the open
Network system. BAM is connected to FAM directly through Ethernet interface/HDLC
links. It is the hub for connecting the C&C08 Switching System with the Computer
network. The Ethernet interface provided can be used to connect the BAM to a large
number of workstations. It also provides X.25/X.35 interfaces for connection to the
Network Management Center. CM mainly comprises the central switching network and
the optic communication interface, which is responsible for providing inter-module
signaling and speech channels.
SM is the core of C&C08 Switching System, providing functions such as distributed
database management, call handling, operations & maintenance etc. The single T
switching network in the SM can independently complete the inner-module switching
function. It can also coordinate with the central switching network in the AM/CM to
implement the inter-SM switching function. SM terminals can be analog subscriber line,
analog trunk line, digital subscriber line or digital trunk line. If classified in terms of
interfaces provided SMs can be classified into three types: User Switching Module
(USM), Trunk Switching Module (TSM) and User Trunk Module (UTM). SMs can also
be categorized into Local and Remote types according to the location and functions
offered.
Interfaces between AM/CM and SM include 40Mbit/s fiber interface, SDH interface,
and E1 interface, etc. Two pairs of active/standby or load-sharing 40Mbit/s fibers
connect CM and SM. FAM and BAM are connected by high-speed HDLC links.
Between BAM and operation & maintenance terminal, there are many interfaces such
as LAN, FDDI, V.24, V.35, etc.
2-1
Figure 2-1 C&C08 overall architecture
2.1.2 C&C08 Software Architecture
I. C&C08 software system structure
C&C08 software system is designed according to the software engineering standards

in a top-down fashion and in a modular & layered way. The reliability of the software
system is guaranteed by strict file control and through elaborate and detailed test
procedures. Integration design runs through the whole software design process. The
SDL and CASE tools are used to generate completely manageable object codes.
These endow the software system with high reliability, good maintainability and easy
expandability. C&C08 software uses C language as the programming language to
make source code easier to read and maintain.
C&C08 software consists of:
z Operating system
z Communication task
z Resource management task
z Call processing task
z Database management task
z Maintenance task
Figure 2-2 shows the relationship of these tasks.
2-2
Communication
task Resource
management
Call
processing Operating task
task System
Database
Maintenance management
task task
Figure 2-2 C&C08 software architecture
Operating system is the core part of the software system. This belongs to the
system-level process, while other tasks are application-level processes based on the
operating system. The software system can be divided into multiple levels in the
concept of a virtual machine. The task system at low level is related to the hardware
platform. Task system at higher levels, instead of depending upon any specific
hardware platforms, encapsulates the hardware-related part in the core codes. This
makes the whole software easier to transplant and install. See Figure 2-3:
C&C08 hardware platform
Layer 1
Operation system
Communication
task Layer 2
Resource
management task
Layer 3
Call Database
processing management
Maintenance
management Layer 4
Figure 2-3 C&C08 virtual machine
II. C&C08 operating system
Operating system refers to the system management program. The program managed
by operating system is called the application program. Operating system executes the
functions of task dispatch, memory management, file management, peripheral
management and user interface management. According to its dispatch strategy, an
2-3
operating system can be classified as batch-processing operating system,

time-division operating system and real time operating system. As far as SPC switch is
concerned, the real time operating system must be used to achieve high-speed
response to the external events. The term "real time" means the system can respond
quickly enough to the external events without any time delay. Besides, a real time
operating system must also have the ability of priority scheduling, error-detection and
pre-emptive scheduling.
Priority scheduling means that in a multi-task real time system, the processor can
execute the tasks according to their priority level so that the task of the highest priority
could be executed first.
Pre-emptive scheduling means, when external event happens, the processor can stop
the current task arbitrarily. After site protection, the processor turns to handle the
event-related task.
Error detection means that the operating system can supervise the status of all the
tasks. If anything abnormal is detected, it executes a fault-tolerance-process to keep
the normal work of the whole system. This kind of task is granted with the highest
priority.
C&C08 operating system is a real time operating system, embedded in the application
environment. Its basic functions are as follows:
z System initialization
z Memory management
z Program loading
z Timer management
z Interruption management
z Clock management
z Task scheduling
z System load control
z Message packet management
z Fault tolerance handling
System initialization: This completes the initialization of the software and hardware
configuration of the whole system.
Program loading: Downloads the program & data to MPU memory from terminal and
starts the execution.
Interruption management: It completes interruption vector configuration and interrupts
processing procedures.
Task scheduling: This takes care of the priority scheduling in multi-task environment
and management & distribution of related resources in real time processing system.
Message packet management: Message packets are the entities to realize the
communication between any tasks in C&C08 software system. Activation of any task is
driven by message packet sent by another task or by the operating system.
Memory management: It completes management of dynamic allocation and release of
memory resources.
Timer management: This completes all kinds of timing task initiation, activation and
cancellation.
2-4
Clock management: It performs the management of system clock, including year,

month, week, day, hour, minute and second.
System load control: The operating system supervises and controls the processor
occupation-rate automatically. When the system utilization rate reaches the pre-set
upper threshold, the lower level tasks will be paused/stopped so as to reduce processor
load. When processor occupation rate goes down to the preset lower threshold,
overload control is removed. By means of setting the upper and lower thresholds of the
processor occupation rate, the maintenance staff can make the system work under
optimum conditions.
Fault tolerance: the operating system supervises the system operation and task
execution. When anything abnormal occurs (e.g. overlarge addressing, program dead
cycle, memory error and processor error, etc.), the related error-handling and system
restoration measures shall be taken to guarantee the system functioning in the normal
way.
III. C&C08 communication tasks
C&C08 is a multi-processor system. Communication among processors of different

modules and between a module processor and the second-level processors are
performed through communication tasks. The relationships between communication
tasks are shown in Figure 2-4.
Figure 2-4 C&C08 communication tasks
1) Active/standby processor communication task

To guarantee system reliability, C&C08 has two processors installed in one module in
active/standby mode. When error occurs to the active one, the standby processor will
take over the tasks to ensure uninterrupted functioning of the system.
2) Module communication task
C&C08 Switching System consists of multiple modules, forming a switching platform as
in Figure 2-5:
2-5
AM/CM
SM1 SM2 ...... SMn
AM/CM: Administration/Communication module

SM: Switching module
Figure 2-5 C&C08 switching platform
Communication among SMs or between an SM and AM/CM is performed by module

communication task with ITU-T X.25 protocol or internal SS7 Signaling protocol.
3) Main node communication task
Subscriber/trunk circuit board processing system collects and analyses analog or
digital signals and reports them to module processor with certain protocol via main
node communication task. It also sends commands to subscriber terminal or opposite
exchange after receiving the command from module processor via main node
communication.
4) BAM communication task
Through BAM terminal system, which is a network system permitting multiple
workstations to operate simultaneously; the operators can carry out maintenance &
management operations to the switching system.
5) Alarm communication task
The alarm communication task is responsible for the communication between alarm
boards and alarm box.
6) Communication task between MPU and data link layer protocol system
It is responsible for communication between MPU and other processing systems on
C&C08 switching platform.
Communication inside the software system is performed by message packet
management process of the operating system and it is not a communication task.
Communication tasks are at the lower level because they deal with hardware.
IV. Resource management tasks
Resources referred to here, are hardware resources, which are related to switching
services (e.g. switching network, signal tone source, DTMF receiver, DTMF transmitter
and voice mail box, etc.). Resources management task completes the hardware
resources initialization, applying, releasing, maintenance and test. Specifically included
tasks are:
z Switching network management task
z Signal tone source management task
z DTMF receiver and transmitter management task
z Multi-frequency signal receiver and transmitter management task
2-6
z 300 Voice mailbox management task

z Operator management task
The above tasks are at lower level in the whole software system because they deal with
specific hardware platform. They are mainly for providing service supporting for the call
processing tasks.
V. Call processing tasks
Call processing tasks complete specific call services. It can be divided into the
subscriber side task and network side task; these two levels are according to Q.931.
Subscriber side has the following tasks:
z Analog subscriber management
z Digital subscriber management
z Analog trunk management
z Digital trunk management
z SS7 signaling management [Telephone User Part (TUP), Integrated Services
Digital Network User Part (ISUP), Signaling Connection and Control Part (SCCP),
Transaction Capability Application Part (TCAP) and Message Transfer Part (MTP),
etc.]
z AN subscriber management
z PRI interface
z Packet network interface
z Operator management
z Channel Associated Signaling (CAS signaling) management
The state definition, state transition and message packet format at subscriber side and
network side are designed strictly according to ITU-T Q.931 recommendations. They
are realized by protocol engineering methods to guarantee the completeness and
correctness. Their relationship is as shown in Figure 2-6:
2-7
Analog
subseriber
Digital
subscriber
AT2/AT4/AT0
/MTK/EM4
DT
Q.931
Network
No.7 signaling Subscriber
side
side Q.931
CAS signaling
Access network
Router or
ISDN PABX
Packet network
Computer
operator
Figure 2-6 Call processing task
VI. Database management tasks
Database management tasks are responsible for management of data of the whole
switching system (including configuration data, subscriber data, office data, network
management data and charging data). Tasks include: data storing and inquiring, data
maintenance, data update, data copy and data restoration.
A distributed database is used in C&C08 Switching System and it comprises relation
tables. Each relation table is independent and describes a group of related data.
C&C08 database provides other application tasks to enable convenient and quick
service. It has adopted a multi-level index mechanism and tree-structured searching
algorithm.
C&C08 database management systems are divided into two layers: RDBMS and
C&C08 application data, as in Figure 2-7:
Configuration
data
Subscriber
data
Office data RDBMS
Charging
Network
data
management
data
Figure 2-7 Database management tasks
2-8
VII. Maintenance tasks
Maintenance tasks enable the maintenance personnel to monitor and operate the
switching equipment. These are:
z Equipment management
z Alarm management
z Charging and ticket management
z Traffic statistics
z Line signaling supervision
z Call connecting process tracing
z Subscriber/trunk testing
z General message tracing
2.2 C&C08 Switching System Configuration

The C&C08 is an open system platform, which integrates the switching, optic
communication and computer technologies. A modular concept is adopted in its design.
In C&C08 Switching System, SM is connected to AM\CM via two pairs of tertiary group
fibers. The expansion of the capacity is effected in the form of building blocks, which
enable the users to build the capacity flexibly, as required. The SM of C&C08 can be
used as a multi-SM exchange, or as a single-SM exchange. Typical configurations of
C&C08 Switching System are as indicated in Table 2-1:
Table 2-1 C&C08 typical configurations
Multi-SM exchange Single-SM exchange

Types
Number of Number of Number Number of Number of Number of
AS lines trunk lines of racks AS lines trunk lines racks
Subscriber 6688 4 -- --
Trunk -- 1440(DT) 1 -- 1920(DT) 1
Subscriber/ 5169 4
Trunk 4256 480(DT) 3 3648 480(DT) 3
combination 1824 2
512 (console)
IN module + 1500(DT) 2+2(19")
512 VP
Where: DT - Digital Trunk VP - Voice Processing station

The configuration of the C&C08 Switching System is flexible and can easily be adjusted.
For example, modules can be smoothly piled up to a maximum of 128 SMs; the
proportion between the number of subscribers within a module and that of trunks can
be set flexibly; subscriber interfaces and trunk interfaces can be equivalently and
mutually substituted; every addition of 60 trunk lines can be enabled by every reduction
of 304 analog subscriber lines; the Digital Subscriber Line board (DSL) slot and Analog
Subscriber Line board (ASL) slot are compatible with each other. Each board provides
eight 2B+D interfaces; the 30B + D interface, V5.2 interface and PHI interface can be
provided by combining the Digital Trunk Module (DTM) board with different LAP boards;
the number of inter-modular speech channels can be adjusted according to the traffic in
the unit of every 32 channels.
2-9
Sometimes the expansion of capacity is on a smaller scale and does not require the
addition of an SM. In such cases, addition of subscriber frames alone can meet the
requirement. Then the newly added subscriber frames get connected to the
pre-reserved node communication lines and switching network HW cables. If new SM
is to be added, it can be configured independently without affecting other modules:
what is only necessary is to add a pair of optic interface boards in the AM/CM module
with their optic links connected to the added SM. In short, the modular design of the
C&C08 Switching System enables the smooth configuration & expansion of the system.
See Figure 2-8.
One single SM can serve as a single-SM exchange.
The capacity of the C&C08 Switching System can be smoothly expanded up to 800,000
lines.
Building block mode
Tertiary group
connection
Single AM/CM with a max. of 128 SMs can form

a C&C08 system of 800,000 lines or more
Figure 2-8 Smooth expansion of C&C08
In addition, provision is made during the design of the C&C08 Switching System, for
any possible future expansion of the system and extension of new services.
1) Extendable service functionality
Each hardware board only provides the internal and external interfaces. The software
executes the actual operations. Therefore, only software upgradation is necessary for
updating/adding of services and there is no need to replace any board. Simply loading
them with different software, many boards, which are the same in terms of hardware,
can be configured as boards supporting different services. 2) Extendable intelligence
services
The C&C08 integrates the Switching and Computer technologies. It is equipped with a
special board, called MEM, which provides the Ethernet interface and offers a good
platform for developing intelligent services such as the C&C08 Campus Board System.
2.3 C&C08 Network Construction

The C&C08 system facilitates the transition from PSTN and special communication
network to ISDN. It has the potential of developing multi-media, intelligent network and
broadband services. It can be applied to trunk exchange, combined trunk and local
exchange, tandem exchange and terminal exchange. Besides, it can also serve as the
exchange equipment in all the special communication networks (such networks in
Power, Railways, Oil, Colliery, Military and Police administrations or industries). See
Figure 2-9.
Generally, the C&C08 Switching System can be configured in the following ways:
1) Exchange with large or medium capacity,
2) Small-capacity independent exchange,
2-10
3) Various remote modules.

Among them, mode 1) applies to local exchange, trunk tandem exchange, trunk
exchange and gateway exchange in large or medium-sized cities; mode 2) applies to
terminal exchange in medium or small-sized cities and rural areas; and mode 3) applies
to network construction in areas where the distribution of subscribers are relatively
scattered.
Local network in large cities

Terminal, tandem,
terminal/tandem combination
Local network in large cities Local network in medium and small cities
Branch, toll and urban Terminal/tandem switches
integrated, toll office
Dedicated telephone network
SPC terminal/tandem switches
County local network
Rural areas, small Terminal/tandem exchange

cities and towns
Terminal exchange C&C08
Figure 2-9 Flexible C&C08 configuration
For C&C08 Switching System, an SM, connected with the AM/CM via two pairs of fiber
optics, can be co-located in the same equipment room with the AM/CM. Depending
upon the actual local network, USM can be remotely installed (within the range of 50 km
from the AM/CM module) and such a USM is referred to as Remote Switching Module
(RSM). Besides RSM, the C&C08 Switching System also provides other various types
of remote modules: Remote Subscriber Access module (RSA) and Remote Subscriber
Unit (RSU). Refer to Figure 2-10.
AN
Internet
Internet acess server ISDN
V5 ISUP/DSS1
PRI/No.7
X.25 V.24/V.35/E1/2BIQ
DDN
PSPDN PHI
PH
SSP C&C08 TUP/R2/No.5
E1
RSM PSTN
SDH
INAP
transmission CAS/No.7 CCS7 SCP
RSA
network
RSA
IP
SMS
FDMA ETS E1
BSC
SDP SCE
MSU BS
2-11
Figure 2-10 C&C08 network construction based on the integrative network platform
2.4 C&C08 Designing Ideas
2.4.1 Reliability Design
Comprehensive and systematic measures have been adopted to ensure the reliability
of the software and hardware in the C&C08 Switching System.
z Key parts have the Active/Standby Redundant mode to ensure the reliability.
z Multi-processor redundancy is adopted to further improve the system reliability.
z Distributed processing.
z Mutually assisting mode.
z Flash memory is used for permanent storage of programs and static data. Data
restoration takes less than 3 minutes.
z ASIC technique is adopted for boards to simplify the system and enhance the
stability of parts.
z Object-oriented software designing.
z Perfect board test function, supporting online board test.
2.4.2 Reliability Assurance
It is necessary to note that the reliability design of the C&C08 is based on the following
reliability guaranteeing features:
z Strictly conforming to Software Engineering Control Development Test
z ISO 9001
z Strict and careful validation and selection of components
z 72-hour aging of boards and the entire equipment
z Advanced workmanship and strict quality control
z Reliable after-sales service
2.5 Features and Advantages of C&C08

In general, the C&C08 switch has the following main features and advantages:
1) Powerful processing capability with the maximum BHCA value reaching up to
6000k, which supports a maximum traffic volume of 100k Erlangs. The BHCA of a
single module can reach 210K. Figure 2-11 illustrates the relationship between the
number of calls per hour and the CPU occupation rate during the call test in single
module.
2-12
CPU occupation rate%
90%
40%
8% Call traffic per hour

0
82K 210K
Figure 2-11 Relationship between the CPU occupation rate and calls per hour
2) Service Processing Module (SPM) utilizes multi-processor technology and

enhances its processing capability by piling up more processors.
3) Providing various modules and flexible network construction capabilities.
Adaptable to varied network construction requirements. The modules include the
SM, RSM, RSM of E1 Interface, RSA and RIM.
4) Providing one-telephone-multi-network function for the special network
subscribers, as well as a variety of inter-network interfaces adaptable to varied
network construction requirements.
5) Providing Graphic User Interface (GUI) and the Man-Machine Language (MML)
conforming to the ITU-T recommendations.
6) Access to the workstation is through the TCP/IP protocol which makes available
the multi-location maintenance and remote dial-in maintenance.
7) A powerful billing & charging system is provided.
8) The alarm system is capable of accurate locating of faults as well as real-time
reflection of the system operation status.
9) The traffic measurement system is powerful, in conformity with the ITU-T
recommendations. It is service-oriented, user-oriented and comprehensive in
statistical operations.
10) Both the internal test interface and the standard centralized test interface are
provided.
11) Abundant in-service functions. New services and supplementary services are
100% applicable.
12) The powerful function of expandability can facilitate introduction of new services.
13) Internet access handling unit is provided to meet the demand of the rapid
development of digital communication.
14) Intelligent business service solutions are provided. It can be upgraded to SSP by
changing the software.
15) The SDH interface is provided to support the large-capacity network construction,
such as the trunk/trunk tandem exchange, etc.
2-13
16) Power consumption of the system is low.

17) In addition, the C&C08 has the following advantages:
z The complete signaling system, with a maximum number of 4096 links, can
reliably achieve the interconnections among different types of signaling.
z The entire ISDN services, including route selection, billing & charging, basic
services, supplementary services, PSTN services, etc.
z Providing specific services such as the Hotel Function Interface.
z Various types of module interfaces which support the DDN access (subrate,
N>64K).
z Supports the requirements by the interface exchange in respect of signaling,
billing & charging, route selection, etc.
2.5.1 Various Supplementary Services Provided
The C&C08 Switching System provides the following supplementary services:

z Providing pre-recorded automatic announcements before the ring tone.
z Single-call-multiple-ring service: when a call arrives, all unengaged phones in the
same group would ring and once the call is answered by any of these subscribers,
all other phones would stop ringing. This function is only available on the same
module.
z Supporting the third-party charging and the UUS charging.
z Supporting measuring platforms.
z Toll call handling surrogated by the operator.
z Supporting the ring-back and re-ring functions for the operator.
2.5.2 V5 Interface
The standard V5 interface is provided between the C&C08 Switching System and its
access network. The V5 interface is categorized into the V5.1 and V5.2 interface. The
V5.1 interface supports 2Mbit/s access (e.g. wireless access loop). The V5.2 interface
supports n×2Mbit/s access (n=2~16).
Features of C&C08 interfaces are:
z Standard, open and able to connect to any access network device equipped with
this kind of interface.
z High reliability: The V5 protocol has protection rules. Besides, two active/standby
signaling links can be mounted on the same interface.
z High signaling load capacity: Each protocol board possesses two microprocessors,
which are able to handle 8 HDLC links simultaneously. Each link can handle a
traffic load of 3,000 circuits.
z High maintainability: The V5 interface is able to carry out the maintenance
management, both locally and remotely, with the real-time monitoring of the V5
signaling and connecting processes.
2-14
The standard V5 interface provided by the C&C08 can be connected to the AN device
equipped with the standard V5 interface through the 2M port on the DTM board. The
processing of the V5 protocol is carried out by the LAP. The digit receiving function for
the AN subscribers is performed by the DTR board.
The architecture of the V5 interface unit is illustrated in Figure 2-12.
SM
LAP
M D V5.2/V5.1
P NET T AN
U M
DTR
Figure 2-12 V5 Interface unit
2.5.3 Internet Interface
The Internet access functional frame is introduced in the C&C08 SM module to add an
Internet access handling unit, which can simultaneously handle services such as voice
communication, Internet access, IP phone service, etc. Each access functional frame
can provide 240 access terminals and the total capacity can reach up to 11,520 access
terminals (in the case of SS7 Signaling) or 7,680 access terminals (in the case of ISDN,
PRA). Figure 2-13 shows the architecture of the Internet access handling unit.
User frame
DT frame
. Internet access
. function frame
.
MPU frame
MPU frame
Figure 2-13 Internet access handling unit
The Internet access solution in C&C08 Switching System is as follows:

z To simplify the architecture and at the same time enhance the carrying capacity of
the system, which would facilitate the network construction.
z To achieve the Internet bypass at the terminal exchange or at the access network
nearest to the subscriber.
2-15
z To develop Internet-related services and enhance the manageability and quality of

the Internet services.
z To achieve the interconnection between the narrowband network and broadband
network via the IP Phone/Fax network gateway and Voice and Telephony over
ATM (VTOA) technology.
2.5.4 Centrex Services
In C&C08 Switching System, related subscribers (e.g. an enterprise) can be organized

into a business subscriber group, which is referred to as Centrex. In a Centrex group,
the operator's auxiliary Centrex-outgoing, Centrex-incoming and intra-Centrex calls
can be established. A call center can also be set up to assist multiple Centrex calls.
Apart from the basic call services and supplementary services provided for all the
public network subscribers, Centrex subscribers may also enjoy various special
supplementary services such as Private Automatic Branch Exchange (PABX). Each
Centrex subscriber has two directory numbers: one is the ISDN uniform directory
number referred to as "long number"; and the other, a short directory number used for
intra-Centrex calls. C&C08 can provide 65,535 Centrex directory numbers. The
maximum subscriber number of each Centrex is determined by the exchange capacity.
Subscribers in a same Centrex are no longer confined by locations. The Wide Area
Centrex (WAC) is due to enjoy more and more popularity with the development of the
SS7 signaling network and intelligent network. See Figure 2-14.
A2
PSTN C&C08
B2
C&C08
A1
Call center
C&C08
B1
A3 B3 Centrex A
Operator
Centrex A Centrex B Call Center
A1 B1
Can surrogate Centrex A operator
Extension A2 Extension B2 ······
Can surrogate Centrex B operator
A3 B3
Operator Centrex A operator ······ ······
Figure 2-14 Illustration of Centrex services
Apart from all the basic services and supplementary services provided for the public
network subscribers, the Centrex subscribers also enjoy a series of value-added
services provided by Centrex, e.g.
1) Direct Inward Dialing (DID) from the outside subscriber to the Centrex subscriber.
2-16
2) In the case of an outgoing call initiated from the Centrex subscriber to an outside
subscriber: after having dialed the Centrex access code, the subscriber can
choose either to hear or not to hear the secondary dial tone before dialing the
outside-Centrex number, corresponding to DOD1 and DOD2 (Direct Outward
Dialing) respectively.
3) The number of call categories is increased.
z Intra-Centrex outgoing call
z Intra-Centrex incoming call
z Centrex-outgoing call
z Centrex-incoming call
4) To call the operator: Centrex subscribers can dial either the operator's inquiry
number or the operator extension number.
5) Functions of Centrex operator
z Call queuing
z Assisting Centrex subscribers to dial out or transfer incoming calls from the
outside to the Centrex subscribers.
z Night service
z Forced connection or disconnection when the called party is busy.
6) Call center functions
One centralized call center can be set up to serve the whole network with its operators
being the ‘public operator’ available to all the Centrex groups. Some Centrex groups
may not have their own console operator, in such a case, the operator services can be
handed over to the centralized call center. Functions of the operator in the centralized
call center are the same with those in a single Centrex group.
Functions available in Centrex include: Intra-Centrex call, grouping of Centrex
subscribers, direct Centrex-inward dial-in, Centrex-incoming call barring,
Centrex-incoming call diversion, Centrex-outgoing call, Intra-Centrex call inhibition,
secondary dial tone for the intra-Centrex outgoing call, multi-level inhibition on the
intra-Centrex outgoing call, incoming call barring, and outgoing call barring. The
Centrex short directory number supports 8 digits.
The C&C08 CENTREX also provides many supplementary services for business
networks. These services include: Abbreviated Dialing, Hotline, Alarm Service,
Absence Subscriber Service, Do-not-disturb service, Outgoing Call Barring, Malicious
Call Tracing, Registered Call, Call Forwarding Unconditional (CFU), Call Forwarding
No Reply (CFNR), Call Waiting, Callback on Busy, Three-Party Service, Conference
Call, Assigned Call Pickup, Co-group Pickup, Centrex-to-Centrex Call Barring, Calling
Number Disabled, Dial Number Barring, Secretary Service, Secretary Station Service,
Activation Call Forwarding Table, Operator Forced Disconnect, Operator Supervision,
Operator Intrusion, Immediate Hotline, Remote Setting of CFU, Remote Setting of Call
Forwarding Busy, Remote Setting of CFNR, Modify Password, Private Line Call, Trunk
Forced Disconnection, Record/Play Voice, etc.
2.5.5 ISDN Services
ISDN has become the primary way to provide integrated services of voice, data, image,
etc. C&C08 Switching System provides three kinds of ISDN interface: 2B+D BRI,
30B+D PRI and PHI.
2-17
The 2B+D BRI conforms to the ITU-T G.960 recommendation. Each DSL board
provides 8 ports. The processor on the board handles the first layer and second layer
protocols, while the MPU on the SM handles the third layer protocol.
The 30B+D PRI interface conforms to the ITU-T G.703 recommendation. D signaling
channel, connecting to the LAP via the switching network, can be activated after the SM
processor has downloaded the PRA protocol handling software packet.
The design principles of the PHI interface are similar to those of the 30B+D interface.
The difference is that the downloaded protocol handling software packet is the PHI
protocol in conformity with the ETSI300-099 standard.
The C&C08 ISDN supports the circuit and packet switching services as well as various
ISDN supplementary services and user terminal services. It is applicable in various
fields like television conference, live broadcasting, desktop conference system,
multi-user screen sharing, high-speed file transmission, extension and interconnection
of Intranets, Internet access, G4 fax machine, tele-diagnosis & treatment as well as
serving as the backup for the DDN private line, etc. See Figure 2-15.
Users term inal Users term inal

S/T S/T
ISDN
Bearer service
User term inal services
Figure 2-15 Illustration of ISDN services
The fundamental task of ISDN is to provide an integrated, comprehensive and varied

realm of services to the subscribers. The ISDN service must be complete and has the
ability to guarantee the terminal-to-terminal compatibility and the standard service
process should be adopted so as to achieve the high quality communication between
terminal subscribers, both domestically and internationally.
For detailed description on ISDN, please refer to chapter 11 in this Manual.
2.5.6 Intelligent Business Service
The C&C08 can introduce more local intelligent services, which are more suitable to
fulfill the requirements of the telecommunications sector. The system structures and
interfaces of C&C08 all conform to the standard intelligent network specifications, so
that it is able to provide services-of local cable network. Intelligence level of local
networks can be improved quickly without frequent upgrading of the Exchanges.
These characteristics of the C&C08 Switching System qualifies it to be an ideal solution,
which is economically viable and at the same time, can extend local special services
without any time delay.
2.
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C&C08 Digital SPC Switching System Table of Contents

Chapter 2 System Architecture................................................................................................... 2-1

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Chapter 2 System Architecture

2.1 Overall Architecture of C&C08 Switching System

2.1.1 C&C08 Hardware Architecture

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Figure 2-1 C&C08 overall architecture

2.1.2 C&C08 Software Architecture

I. C&C08 software system structure

C&C08 software system is designed according to the software engineering standards

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Figure 2-2 C&C08 software architecture

C&C08 hardware platform

Figure 2-3 C&C08 virtual machine

II. C&C08 operating system

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operating system can be classified as batch-processing operating system,

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Clock management: It performs the management of system clock, including year,

III. C&C08 communication tasks

C&C08 is a multi-processor system. Communication among processors of different

Figure 2-4 C&C08 communication tasks

1) Active/standby processor communication task

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SM1 SM2 ...... SMn

AM/CM: Administration/Communication module

Figure 2-5 C&C08 switching platform

Communication among SMs or between an SM and AM/CM is performed by module

IV. Resource management tasks

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z 300 Voice mailbox management task

V. Call processing tasks

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Figure 2-6 Call processing task

VI. Database management tasks

Figure 2-7 Database management tasks

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VII. Maintenance tasks

2.2 C&C08 Switching System Configuration

Table 2-1 C&C08 typical configurations

Multi-SM exchange Single-SM exchange

Where: DT - Digital Trunk VP - Voice Processing station

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Building block mode

Single AM/CM with a max. of 128 SMs can form

Figure 2-8 Smooth expansion of C&C08

2.3 C&C08 Network Construction

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3) Various remote modules.

Local network in large cities

Dedicated telephone network

SPC terminal/tandem switches

County local network

Rural areas, small Terminal/tandem exchange

Figure 2-9 Flexible C&C08 configuration

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2.4 C&C08 Designing Ideas

2.4.1 Reliability Design

2.4.2 Reliability Assurance

2.5 Features and Advantages of C&C08