Professional Documents
Culture Documents
A BASIC GUIDE
Contents
Each of these links will take you directly to the required page.
Introduction to bibliographies
Books
One author
Two or three authors
More than three authors
Anthology or compilation (the whole work)
Corporate author
A work in an anthology
Article in a reference book
Anonymous book (no author)
Introduction, preface, foreword, afterword
Edition (e.g. selected version of Hamlet, with expl. notes etc.)
Translation
Book in Another Language
Dissertation (published and unpublished)
Contents
Each of these links will take you directly to the required page.
Periodicals
Article in a newspaper
Article in a magazine
Article in a scholarly journal
Volumes & Pagination
Where to find volume & issue information
Review
Letter to editor
Misc print and non print
TV/Radio program
Sound recording
Film or Video
Performance (Live)
Musical composition
Painting, sculpture, photograph
Interview
Contents
Each of these links will take you directly to the required page.
Misc print and non print (cont.)
Map or Chart
Cartoon, Comic Strip
Advertisement
Lecture, Speech, Address
Electronic Sources
Entire Internet site
Part of an Internet site
Home page for course
Online book
Online periodical
CD-ROM
* Work from Library Subscription Database! (like EBSCO)
Other (TV, Radio, Sound recording or clip, film or film clip,
painting, sculpture or photograph, interview, map, cartoon or comic strip,
advertisement, email, online posting)
Introduction to Bibliographies
General Rules:
Title of page should be Bibliography or References, and it should
be centered on the page.
Each reference should be single spaced.
Author’s name
Title of Book
City published (And state if in US)
Publication company
Date published
Examples:
Snellgrove, L.E.. The Modern World Since 1870. London: Longman, 1968.
Webster, Christine. Water Power. New York: Weigl Publishers Inc, 2006.
The names are usually of the author, but if there is no author, you might include the editor,
as in the book by Howarth. (The abbreviation Ed. Means editor)
Chandler, Gary, and Kevin Graham. Alternative Energy Sources. New York:
Twenty-First Century Books, 1996.
Eggins, Suzanne, and Diana Slade. Analysing Casual Conversation. London:
Cassell, 1997.
More than three authors:
Spinnaker, James, et.al. The Psychology of the Game. London: Cassel, 1995.
No author (anonymous):
If you are citing a poem, essay, short story or other work which appears as
part of an anthology of works, you will need to add the following
information to the basic book citation:
Author of piece. “Title of Piece.” (Translator, if necessary). Title of the Work.
Editor/Compiler’s name. Place of Publication: Publishing Company, Date
of publication. Pages where you can find the work.
Allende, Isabel. “Toad’s Mouth.” Trans. Margaret Sayers Peden. A Hammock
beneath the Mangoes: Stories from Latin America. Ed. Thomas Colchie.
New York: Plume, 1992. 83-88.
“A Witchcraft Story.” The Hopi Way: Tales from a Vanishing Culture. Comp.
Mando Sevanillo. Flagstaff: Northland, 1986. 33-42.
To cite the whole work, the last entry would look like this:
Sevanillo, Mando, comp. and ed. The Hopi Way: Tales from a Vanishing
Culture. Flagstaff: Northland, 1986.
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Corporate Author
*Note: You should leave out the initial article (A, An, The) if there is one.
Published
Fullerton, Matilda. Women’s Leadership in the Public Schools: Towards a
Feminist Educational Leadership Model. Diss. Washington State U, 2001.
Ann Arbor: UMI, 2001.
Unpublished
Narula, Karan. “The Influence of Land Use on the Quality of Water at Chao
Phraya River”. Ext. Essay. New International School of Thailand, 2004.
For a newspaper article, as well as the author and title of the article, you will need to include:
The title of the newspaper (omit The or other articles)
If the name of the city is not in the title, include it in square brackets after the title. (Eg. “Star-Ledger [Newark].”)
Examples:
Coyle, Jake. “From Madea to Mainstream?” Bangkok Post. 22 Mar. 2007: O7.
“Northern Smog Crisis Eases as Downpours Clear the Air.” Nation [Bangkok]. 22 Mar. 2007: 2A.
*Note: If an article continues on another page later in the paper, include a plus sign after the first page (2A+).
Newspapers online
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Article in a Magazine
For a magazine article, as well as the author and title of the article, you will need
to include:
The title of the magazine
Examples:
O’Meara, Stephen James. “The Everglades: Paradise Lost.” Odyssey Mar. 2007: 6-
9.
Siber, Kate. “Into the Lands of Ancients, Outlaws and Adventurers.” National
Geographic Adventure. Mar. 2007: 66-74.
Magazines online
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Article in a Scholarly Journal
A scholarly journal is not written for the general public, but for professionals and students.
They include original research, criticisms, and original interpretations of data and texts
(Gibaldi 180). For most research in university you will be required to use scholarly
journals as your primary source of information, so it’s worth getting acquainted with this
source and with how to reference it.
For this type of article, you will need to include:
Author’s name
Title of article
Title of Journal
Volume number
Issue number
Date of publication
Page numbers
For more information on pagination (the way publishers print page numbers in these articles) see the next slide.
For examples, see the following slide.
Some journals will number the pages continuously through all issues of a
volume series. For example, the first issue of volume 36 might end with
page 83, and then volume 36 issue 2 will start with the page number
84.
In this case, you only need to include the volume and the page number,
since the page number will let the reader know which issue the article
was found in.
Other journals will page each issue separately, so that each issue starts with
page 1.
In this case, include the volume, the page number and the issue number,
since there may be 3 or 4 issues in one volume, all with a page 35.
You will find the volume and issue information for a journal or magazine on the
contents page, as seen below:
Examples:
Vicarel, Jo Ann. “Neon Dragon.” Rev of Neon Dragon, by John F Dobbyn. Library Journal. 132.4
(2007): 56-57.
Rithdee, Kong. “Quick Takes.” Rev of Bridge to Terabithia, dir. Gabor Scupo. Bangkok Post. 22
Mar. 2007: O6.
Example:
When writing a reference for a TV or radio program, you need to include the following
information in this order:
1. Title of episode or segment, if appropriate (“ ---”)
2. Title of Program (___)
3. Title of series, if any
4. Name of network
5. Call letters and city of the local station, if any
6. Broadcast date
Examples:
“Frankenstein: The Making of a Monster.” Great Books. Narr. Donald Sutherland. Writ. Eugenie Vink. Dir.
Jonathan Ward*. Learning Channel. 8 Sept. 1993.
“Frederick Douglass.” Civil War Journal. Narr. Danny Glover. Dir. Craig Haffner. Arts & Entertainment Network. 6
Apr. 1993.
“Yes…but is it Art?” Narr. Morley Safer. Sixty Minutes. CBS. WCBS, New York. 7 Mar. 1996.
*Any contributors of note, including writers, narrators, directors etc., can be added here.
When writing a reference for a sound recording, you need to include the following
information in this order:
*Underline title of recording, but not if the name is identified by form, number
and key – e.g. Symphony no. 1 in C)
**If citing a specific song, use quotation marks for the title of the song.
***You can also include the date of recording, as well as the year of issue.
Examples:
Ellington, Duke, cond. First Carnegie Hall Concert. Duke Ellington Orch. Rec. 23 Jan.
1943. LP. Prestige, 1997
Gabriel, Peter. “A Different Drum.” Perf. Gabriel, Shankar, and Youssou N’Dour.
Passion: Music for The Last Temptation of Christ, a Film by Martin Scorsese. Rec.
1989. Greffen, 2002.
Holiday, Billie. The Essence of Billie Holiday. Columbia, 1991.
Norrington, Roger, cond. Symphony no. 1 in C, op. 21, and Symphony no 6 in F, op. 68.
By Ludwig van Beethoven. London Classical Players. EMI, 1988.
Sting, narr. Peter and the Wolf, op. 67. By Sergei Prokofiev. Chamber Orch. Of Europe.
cond. Claudio Abbado. Deutsche Grammophon, 1990.
Welles, Orson, dir. The War of the Worlds. By H. G. Wells. Adapt. Howard Koch.
Mercury Theater on the Air. Rec. 30 Oct. 1938. LP. Evolution, 1969.
When writing a reference for a film or video, you need to include the following
information in this order:
1. Title (___)
2. Director
3. Distributor
4. Year of release
*You can also include other information if you feel it’s important, such as names of the
writers, performers or producers, between the title and the distributor.
*If you want to cite someone in particular, you can include their name before the title.
*If citing a video, DVD, etc. include the original release date and the medium before
the name of the distributor.
Examples:
Chaplin, Charles. Dir. Modern Times. Perf. Chaplin and Pauletter Goddard. Untied Artists,
1936.
It’s a Wonderful Life. Dir. Frank Capra. Perf. James Stewart, Donna Reed, Lionel Barrymore,
and Thomas Mitchell. RKO, 1946.
It’s a Wonderful Life. Dir. Frank Capra. Perf. James Stewart, Donna Reed, Lionel Barrymore,
and Thomas Mitchell. 1946. DVD. Republic, 2001.
Jhabvala, Ruth Prawer, adapt. A Room with a View. By E. M. Forester. Dir. James Ivory.
Prod. Ismail Merchant. Perf. Maggie Smith, Denholm Eliot, Helena Bonham Carter, and
Daniel Day-Lewis. Cinecom Intl. Films, 1985.
Mifune, Toshiro, perf. Rashomon. Dir. Akira Kurosawa. Daiei, 1950.
Nureyev, Rudolf, chor. Swan Lake. By Pyotr Ilich Tchaikovsky. Perf. Margot Fonteyn and
Nureyev. Vienna State Opera Ballet. Vienna Symphony Orch. Cond. John Lanchbery.
1966. DVD. Philips, 1997.
For a live performance such as a play, opera, ballet or concert, include the title, the same kind
of information as for a film, and finish with the site of the performance.
Examples:
Hamlet. By William Shakespeare. Dir. John Gielgud. Perf. Richard Burton. Shubert Theater,
Boston. 4 Mar. 1964.
Domingo, Plácido, tenor. Sly. By Ermanno Wolf-Ferrari. With Cynthia Lawrence and Juan Pons.
Metropolitan Poera. Cond, Marco Armiliato. Metropolitan Opera House, New York. 4 May
2002.
Joplin, Scott. Treemonisha. Dir. Frank Corsaro. Perf. Carmen Balthrop, Betty Allen, and Curtis
Rayam. Houston Grand Opera Orch. And Chorus. Cond. Gunther Schuller. Miller Theater,
Houston. 18 May 1975.
Medea. By Euripides. Trans. Alastair Elliot. Dir. Jonathan Kent. Perf. Diana Rigg. Longacre
Theater, New York. 7 Apr. 1994.
Examples:
*You can include the date, after the title, if you wish (see 3 rd entry for Beethoven).
When writing a reference for a painting, sculpture or photograph you need to include the following
information in this order:
1. Name of artist
2. Title of work (__)
3. Name of institution which houses the work (or the individual who owns it, if it’s privately owned)
4. City where it can be found
*If you’re using a photograph of the scultpure or painting, then you must also include the publication
information in which the photograph appears.
*You can include the date the work was created after the title, if you wish.
Bernini, Gianlorenzo. Ecstasy of St. Teresa. Santa Maria della Vittoria, Rome.
Cassatt, Mary. Mother and Child.1890 Wichata Art Museum. American Painting: 1560-1913. By John Pearce. New
York: McGraw, 1964. Slide 22.
El Greco. Burial of Count Orgaz. San Tomé, Toledo. Renaissance Perspectives in Literature and the Visual
Arts. By Murray Roston. Princeton: Princeton UP, 1987. 274.
Saint Pauls’ Cathedral, London. Personal photograph by author. 7 Mar. 2003.
For painting, sculpture or photograph viewed online see here.
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Interview
Always begin a citation with the name of the person being interviewed.
Examples:
Breslin, Jimmy. Interview with Neal Conan. Talk of the Nation. Natl. Public Radio. WBUR, Boston.
26 Mar. 2002.
Gordimer, Nadine. Interview. New York Times 10 Oct. 1991, late ed.: C25.
Pei, I. M. Personal interview. 22 July 1993.
Poussaint, Alvin F. Telephone interview. 10 Dec. 1998.
Rowling, J.K. Email interview. 8-12 May 2002.
Wolfe, Tom. Interview. The Wrong Stuff: American Architecture. Dir. Tom Bettag. Videocassette.
Carousel, 1983.
For interview viewed online, see here. Return to contents page
Map or Chart
Examples:
Japanese Fundamentals. Chart. Hauppauge, 1992.
Michigan. Map. Chicago: Rand, 2000.
Nancy Chandler’s Map of Bangkok. Map. Bangkok: Nancy
Chandler Graphics, 2005.
For maps online see here.
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Cartoon or Comic Strip
Examples:
Chast, Roz. Cartoon. New Yorker. 4 Feb. 2002: 53.
Examples:
Air Canada. Advertisement. CNN. 15 May 1998.
The Fitness Fragrance by Ralph Lauren. Advertisement.
GQ Apr. 1997: 111-12.
When writing a reference for an oral presentation, give the speaker’s name,
the title of the presentation (if any, “---”), the meeting or sponsoring
organization (if applicable), the location and the date. If there is no title, use
the descriptive label as appropriate (Address, Lecture, Keynote speech,
Reading).
Examples:
Atwood, Margaret. “Silencing the Scream.” Boundaries of the Imagination
Forum. MLA Convention. Roayl York Hotel, Toronto. 29 Dec. 1993.
Many documents we have access to today are through the internet. The basic
format for any document retrieved on the internet is as follows:
*Note: do not cut the URL at the end of the line. Your word processor will do it
for you if you’ve chosen a hanging indent!
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Entire Internet Site
Examples:
*Note: do not cut the URL at the end of the line. Your word processor will do it for you
if you’ve chosen a hanging indent!
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Part of an Internet Site
Often, you are citing a page within a much larger website. In this case,
you will need to include the name of the web page as well as the
name of the web site. Here is how it would look:
When citing a home page for a course, begin with the teacher’s name, followed
by the title of the course, the description, the dates of the course, the name
of the department and the school, the date of access and the URL.
Examples:
Rothkopf, Stephen. Flags and Symbols. Course home page. Aug 2006-June
2007. Humanities Dept, NIST. 21 May 2007
<http://portal2.nist.ac.th/secschool/humanities/y08humanities/Class
%20Wiki/Flags%20and%20Symbols.aspx>.
When referencing an online book, begin as you would the original book in print, then
follow with the electronic publishing information. If citing only a part of the book,
include the title of the part or chapter in quotation marks.
Examples:
Austen, Jane. Pride and Prejudice. Ed. Henry Churchyard. 1996. Jane Austen
Information Page. 6 Sept. 2002
<http://www.pemberley.com/janeinfo/pridprej.html>.
Emerson, Ralph Waldo. “Self-Reliance.” Essays: First Series. 1841. 12 Feb 1997
<ftp://ftp.books.com/ebooks/NonFiction/Philosophy/Emerson/history.txt>.
1. Author’s name
2. Title of work (“---”)
3. Title of Periodical (__)
4. Volume number, issue or other identifying number.
5. Date of publication
6. The number range or total number of pages, paragraphs or other sections, if
they are numbered
7. Date of access and URL
See the following page for examples. *Note – if you found the periodical in a
subscription database, the format is different. See this link for how to cite
an online periodical from a subscription database.
Examples:
Levy, Stephen. “Great Minds, Great Ideas.” Newsweek 27 May 2002. 20 May
2002 <http://www.msnbc.com/news/754336.asp>.
Schmidt, Christine. Letter. New York Times on the Web 20 May 2002. 20 May
2002 <http://www.nytimes.com/2002/05/20/opinion/L20KIDS.html>.
Examples:
Examples:
“The Devil We Know.” Time 3 May 2007: 43. Middle Search Plus. EBSCO.
NIST Library, Bangkok. 15 May 2007
<http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?
direct=true&db=mih&AN=24163025&site=ehost=-live>.
In general, citations for other electronic sources are similar to those in print, except that you add
the electronic publication information. Refer to the print explanations if you don’t understand
what’s included in these examples
Email
Boyle, Anthony T. “Re:Utopia.” Email to Daniel J. Cahill. 21 June 1997.
Harner, James L. Email to author. 20 Aug. 2002.
Online posting (if possible, try to cite the posting in the archives – easier to find!)
Chu, Michael. “Bellini Style.” Online posting. 20 May 2002. Opera-L. 21 May 2002
<http://lists.cuny.edu/archives/opera-l.html>.
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