REFERENCING

BY:
MARICEL MAAGHOP

MA. TERESA G. ARCHIVAL

ERIC PAUL SUSADA

RELDY SOLIS
REFERENCING
In-Text Citation
show that a piece of information, idea,
quotation, ect. you have included in your writing
belongs to another writer.

Ex.
In recent years, there have been a rapid increase in car sales
in Thailand (Honda, 1995).
Reference List or Bibliographies
The presentation of information in footnotes
and endnotes and in a bibliography.
Ex.
Smith, P. (1988). An argument against wet paddy
mechanization of wet paddy agriculture.
Journal of Rice Production, 8, 34-60.
Why Referencing Is Important?
• acknowledge the work of others
• provide evidence of your own research
• illustrate a particular point
• support an argument or theory
• allow others to locate the resources you have used

And most importantly:

• avoid accusations of plagiarism
Different Types of Information Sources:

Type Purpose

Encyclopedias Useful for overviews and information – can be general

or subject specific

Dictionaries Short definitions of topics-– can be general or subject

specific
Directories Useful for information about organizations, people and
places
Text Books Comprehensive coverage of the topic

Journals Short articles of specific topics, generally current

Magazines/Periodicals

Newspapers Short current new items

Details Should Note During Research:

Books
 Author(s)/Editor(s)
Year of Publication
Edition
Title of the Book
Page Number (for direct quotes)
Chapter Title
Name of Publisher
Place of Publication
URL (for E-book only) and Name of E-book provider
Date Accessed (for E-book only)
Journals/Newspaper Articles

 Author(s)
Year of Publication
Title of Article
Name of Journal
Volume, issue or part number (or day and month), page
number
URL (for electronic journal only)
Date Accessed (for electronic journal only)

Online Sources (e.g. websites)

Author(s)
Year of Publication
 Title of the Document
URL
Date Accessed
 REFERENCING STYLE

Are established system of referencing

with consistent rules.

Referencing style requirements cover of two elements

of a referencing system:

a. In – Text Citation

b. Reference Lists or Bibliographies

A. In – Text Citation
Ex:
Sheldrake (1999) asserts that the
‘domestication of dogs long predated that of
other animals.’ (p.15).
B. Reference Lists or Bibliographies
Ex:
Sheldrake, R., (1999). Dogs that know when their owners are
coming home: and other unexplained powers of animals.
London:Arrow Books.
Referencing Styles:
 Reference Type In Text Reference List
Books: One Author (Tompkins 45). Tompkins, Jane. West of Everything:
The Inner Life of Westerns. New York:
Oxford UP, 1992.

Note: Author’s Last Name, First name. Book Title. City: Publisher, Date.

Books: Two or More Authors (Rico and Mano 45). Rico, Barbara, and Sandra Mano.
American Mosaic: Multicultural
Readings in Context. Boston:
Houghton, 1991.

Note: First Author’s Last Name, First Name, and Second Author’s First Name Last Name. Title. City: Publisher, Date.

Books: Edited (Hornblower 45). Hornblower, Simon, and Antony

Spawforth, eds. Oxford Companion to
Classical Civilization. New York:
Oxford UP, 1998.
 Reference Type In Text Reference List
Noted :Author’s Last Name, First Name, ed. Title. City: Publisher, Date.

“For a book with just one author and an editor as well, (particularly when showing a later edition of an earlier literary
work), begin with the author; give the editor’s name, preceded by the abbreviation Ed. (“Edited by”), after the title. If
you want to include the original date of publication for clarity, place the year directly after the title:”

A Work in an (Cowan, Myerscough, and Smith 222). Cowan, Frederic. J., Elizabeth Ann
Anthology/Collection of Essays Myerscough, and David A. Smith. “The
Death Penalty Should Be Imposed on
Juvenile Murderers.” Youth Violence:
Current Controversies. Eds. Michael.
D. Biskup and Charles. P. Cozic. San
Diego: Greenhaven, 1992.

Note: Author(s). “Article Title.” Book Title. Book Editor(s). City: Publisher, Date.
 Reference Type In Text Reference List
Encyclopedia (Cloos 782). Cloos, Mark. “Plate Tectonics.” World
Book Encyclopedia. 1998.

Note: Author. “Entry Title.” Encyclopedia Title. Edition (if stated). Year of publication.

Journal: One Author (Mattison 205) Mattison, Marian. “Ethical Decision

Making: The Person in the Process.”
Social Work 45 (2000): 201-213.

Note:Author’s last name, Author’s first name. “Title of the article.” Journal name vol#.issue# (year): pages.
[If paged continuously throughout a volume, ignore issue number.

Journal: Multiple Authors (Render et al. 1499). Render, Ralf, et al. “Effect of Age on
Excess Mortality in Obesity.” Journal
of the American Medical Association
281.16 (1999): 1498-1504.
 Reference Type In Text Reference List
Note: First Author, et al. “Article Title.” Journal Title. Volume. Series (Year): Pages.
“If there are more than three authors, you may name only the first and add et al. (“and others”), or you may give all
names in full in the order in which they appear on the title page”

Magazine: No Author (articles (“Radiation . . .” 41). Shorten title and “Radiation Exposure of Children in
with authors are treated as use ellipses (…) for long titles. Russia.” U.S. News and World Report
popular magazines below) 9 Aug. 1993: 40-42.

Note: Article Title.” Magazine Title. Date: Pages. [Do not give volume and issue numbers even if listed.

Newspapers: No Author (“U.S. Scholar...” 41). Use ellipse (…) “U.S. Scholar Facing Spy Trial.”
for longer titles. Evansville Courier & Press 19 July
2001: A5.

Note: “Article Title.” Newspaper Title. Date: Pages.

 Reference Type In Text Reference List
(Popular) Magazine (including (Safron 5) Safron, Claire. “It’s Christmas Eve: Do
magazines published weekly, monthly You Know Where Your Children Are?”
and bi-monthly) Ladies’ Home Journal. Dec. 1991: 1-6.

Note: Author’s Last Name, First Name. “Article Title.” Magazine Title. Date: Pages. [Do not include volume and issue
numbers even if they are listed.

Audio Recording (McCain). McCain, Edwin. “I’ll Be.” Misguided

Roses. Perf. Judy Example. Atlantic,
1997.

Note: Writer’s Last Name, First Name. “Song Title.” Performer’s name if different from writer. Recording Title.
Medium [audiocassette, Audiotape, LP—CD’s are assumed]. Manufacturer, Issue year.

Radio Broadcast (Car Talk). Car Talk. With Tom and Ray
Magliozzi. National Public Radio.
WNIN, Evansville. 25 July 1999.
 Reference Type In Text Reference List
Note: “Episode or Segment title.” Program Title. Series title. Network Name. Call Letters, City of the Local Station if
applicable. Broadcast Date.

News Broadcast (Fox News at 9:00). Fox News at 9:00. Fox. WTVW,
Evansville, IN. 5 Aug. 1999.

Note: Broadcast Title. Network. Call Letters, City of Local Station. Broadcast Date.

TV: Series Episode (“Cicely”). “Cicely.” Northern Exposure. Arts &

Entertainment Network. New York. 26
July 1993.

Noted:“Episode or Segment Title.” Program Title. Series Title. Network Name. Call Letters and City of the Local
Station if applicable. Broadcast Date.

Motion Picture (Film or video (Independence Day). Independence Day. Dir. Roland
recording) Emmerich. Perf. Will Smith, Bill
Pullman, and Jeff Goldblum. DVD.
Twentieth Century Fox, 1996.
 Reference Type In Text Reference List
Note:Title. Directors’ names. Performers’ names. Medium if relevant. Distributor, Distribution Year.

Personal Interview Instead of an in-text citation, use a Smith, John. Personal Interview. 25
signal phrase: Aug. 1999.
According to Psychiatrist John Smith,
“Alienation leads to senseless acts of
teen violence.”

Note:Last Name of person interviewed, First Name. Personal Interview. Date of Interview.

ebrary (ebook collection)
(Brigham 32). Brigham, Janet. Dying to Quit: Why
We Smoke and How We Stop.
Washington: Joseph Henry Press,
1998. ebrary. Ivy Tech Community
College Library, Anderson, IN. 16 Jan.
2007.
 Reference Type
Encyclopedia Britannica: No
Author (Note: If article is signed
by author, treat as
magazine/journal article for
including author name in
citation.)
ProQuest (This example is from a
popular magazine; make
adjustments for journals, etc.)
In Text Reference List
(“Diabetes Mellitus”). “Diabetes Mellitus.” Encyclopaedia
Britannica Online. 2003.
Encyclopaedia Britannica. Ivy Tech
Community College Library, Muncie,
IN. 6 Aug. 2007.
(Bohacz 106). Bohacz, Ray T. “Tunin' TPI.” Hot Rod
June 2000: 106. ProQuest. Ivy Tech
Community College Library, Marion,
IN. 16 Dec. 2007.