Problem 10.

11:
For the system benzene (1) / toluene (2) / ethyl-benzene (3), the vapor pressure of the pure species are
given by

2,788.51
ln Psat
1 =13.8858−
t+220.79

3,096.52
ln Psat
2 =13.9987−
t+ 219.48

3,279.47
ln Psat
3 =14.0045−
t+213.20

Where t is in oC and the vapor pressure are in KPa. Assuming Raoult’s law to describe the vapor/liquid
equilibrium states of this system, determine:

(a) P and {yk}, given that t=110 oC, x1=0.22, x2=0.37, x3=0.41
(b) P and {xk}, given that t=105 oC, y1=0.45, y2=0.32, y3=0.23
(c) t and {yk}, given that P=90 KPa, x1=0.47, x2=0.18, x3=0.35
(d) t and {xk}, given that P=95 KPa, y1=0.52, y2=0.28, y3=0.20

Solution:
(a) P and {yk}, given that t=110 oC, x1=0.22, x2=0.37, x3=0.41

Unknowns = {P, yk}

Known = {t, xk}

At BUBL P calculation:

For t=110oC, putting the value in 3 Antoine equations…

Psat
1 =234.148 KPa

Psat
2 =99.54 KPa

Psat
3 =47.376 KPa

P=∑ ( x i pisat )

p=x 1 p sat sat sat

1 + x 2 p2 + x 3 p3
p= ( 0.22 )( 234.148 ) + ( 0.37 )( 99.54 ) + ( 0.41 ) ( 47.376 )

p=107.76 KPa

y k P=x k p sat
k

Where k varies from (1-----3)

x 1 psat
1 ( 0.22 ) (234.149 )
y 1= = =0.478
P 107.76

x 2 psat
2 ( 0.37 ) ( 99.54 )
y 2= = =0.341
P 107.76

x 3 p3sat ( 0.41 ) ( 47.37 )

y 3= = =0.180
P 107.76

(b) P and {xk}, given that t=105 oC, y1=0.45, y2=0.32, y3=0.23

Unknowns = {P, xk}

Known = {t, yk}

At DEW P calculation:

For t=105oC, putting the value in 3 Antoine equations…

Psat
1 =205.73 KPa

Psat
2 =86.114 KPa

Psat
3 =40.37 KPa

1
P=
yi
∑ ( )
pisat

1
P=
y1 y2 y3
( sat
+ sat + sat
p1 p 1 p3 )
P=86.202 KPa

y k P=x k p sat
k

Where k varies from (1-----3)

y1 P ( 0.45 ) ( 86.202 )
x 1= sat
= =0.188
p 1
205.73

y2 P ( 0.32 )( 86.202 )
x 2= sat
= =0.314
p 2
86.114

y3 P ( 0.23 ) ( 86.202 )
x 3= sat
= =0.491
p 3
40.37

(c) t and {yk}, given that P=90 KPa, x1=0.47, x2=0.18, x3=0.35

Unknowns = {t, yk}

Known = {P, xk}

At BUBL T calculation:

For P=90 KPa, putting the value in 3 Antoine equations…

t sat o
1 =76.302 C

t sat o
2 =106.50 C

t sat o
3 =131.83 C

t o=∑ ( x k t sat
k )

t o=x 1 t sat sat sat

1 + x2 t 2 + x3 t 3

t o=( 0.47 )( 76.302 ) + ( 0.18 ) ( 106.50 ) + ( 0.35 ) ( 131.83 )

t o=101.17 o C

P
Psat
3 =
( x 1 ) ( ∝13) + ( x2 ) ( ∝23 ) + ( x 3 )( ∝33 )
 B1 B3
ln ∝13 =( A1− A 3 )− +
t+ C1 t +C3

2788.51 3279.47
ln ∝13=( 13.8858−14.0045 )− +
t +220.79 t +213.20

B2 B
ln ∝23 =( A2 −A 3 )− + 3
t+ C2 t +C3

3,096.52 3279.47
ln ∝23=( 13.9987−14.0045 )− +
t+219.48 t+213.20

B3 B3
ln ∝33=( A3 −A 3 )− +
t+ C3 t +C 3

ln ∝33=0

∝33=1

P
Iteration Assume Psat
3 =
3279.47
( x 1 ) ( ∝13) + ( x2 ) ( ∝23 ) + ( x 3 )( ∝33 ) t= −213.20
# t 14.0045−ln P3sat
1 101.17 28.251 94.34
2 94.34 27.172 93.226
3 93.226 27.0348 93.08

At 3rd iteration answer has converged & Hence,

t=93.08 o C

Putting this value in Antoine equation…

Psat
1 =148.64 KPa

Psat
2 =59.84 KPa

Psat
3 =27.033 KPa

y k P=x k p sat
k

Where k varies from (1-----3)

x 1 psat
1 ( 0.47 ) ( 148.64 )
y 1= = =0.776
P 90
 x 2 psat
2 ( 0.18 ) ( 59.85 )
y 2= = =0.1197
P 90

x 3 p3sat ( 0.35 ) ( 27.033 )

y 3= = =0.142
P 90

(d) t and {xk}, given that P=95 KPa, y1=0.52, y2=0.28, y3=0.20

Unknowns = {t, xk}

Known = {P, yk}

At DEW T calculation: for i=3;

pisat
P=
y k psat
∑ ( )
pk
i
sat

y
sat
pi =P ( ∑ ∝k
k ki
)
y1 y2 y3
psat
3 =P
[ + +
∝13 ∝23 ∝33 ]
B1 B3
ln ∝13 =( A1− A 3 )− +
t+ C1 t +C3

2788.51 3279.47
ln ∝13=( 13.8858−14.0045 )− +
t +220.79 t +213.20

B2 B
ln ∝23 =( A2 −A 3 )− + 3
t+ C2 t +C3

3,096.52 3279.47
ln ∝23=( 13.9987−14.0045 )− +
t+219.48 t+213.20

B3 B3
ln ∝33=( A3 −A 3 )− +
t+ C3 t +C 3

ln ∝33=0

∝33=1

From Antoine equation, given P=95 KPa

 t sat o
1 =78.02 C

t sat o
2 =108.37 C

t sat o
3 =133.81 C

t o=∑ ( x k t sat
k )

t o=x 1 t sat sat sat

1 + x2 t 2 + x3 t 3

t o=( 0.52 ) ( 78.02 )+ ( 0.28 ) (108.37 )+ ( 0.20 ) ( 133.81)

t o=97.676 o C

y1 y2 y3
Iteration
#
Assume t
psat
3 =P
[ + +
∝13 ∝23 ∝33 ] t=
3279.47
14.0045−ln P3sat
−213.20

1 97.676 40.461 105.06

2 105.06 41.172 105.60

At 2nd iteration answer has converged & Hence,

t=105.60o C

Putting this value in Antoine equation…

Psat
1 =209 KPa

Psat
2 =87.644 KPa

Psat
3 =41.16 KPa

y k P=x k p sat
k

Where k varies from (1-----3)

y1 P ( 0.52 )( 95 )
x 1= sat
= =0.236
p 1
209

y2 P ( 0.28 ) ( 95 )
x 2= sat
= =0.303
p 2
87.644
 y3 P ( 0.20 ) ( 95 )
x 3= sat
= =0.461
p 3
41.16