ASSINGMENT 1

MECHANICS OF MACHINE
NAME : EMMANUEL KUTANI
ID : 01202596D
PLANT 2
Q5. a) A mass of 100kg is suspended from a vertical coil spring of stiffness 20kN/m. Find
the
frequency of free vibration.
b) The system is now damped. The mass is pulled downwards a definite distance, and when
released, the vibration amplitude is reduced to 0.10 of the original 0f the original in four
complete oscillations. Determine the frequency of the damped oscillation and the value of the
damping force.

Q6. A machine of 20kg mass is mounted on springs and dampers. The total stiffness of the
springs is 8KN/m and the total damping force is 130N S/m. If the system is initially at rest
and a velocity of 10cm/s is imparted to the mass.
I. Write down the differential equation of the motion and its solutions evaluating
the constants.
II. Determine the displacement at t =2 sec.

SOLUTIONS
Q5)
DATA
m¿ 100 kg
s¿ 20 kN /m=20000 N /m
n¿ ?

1
n¿
tp

tp¿ 2 π
√ m
s

¿2π
√ 100
20000
tp=0.444 sec
1 1
n¿ ¿ ¿ 2.251
tp 0.444

2
 ASSINGMENT 1

b)
a1 ( 10 ) a 1
= =¿ 10
( 0.10 ) a1 a1

a1 µ(r−1)tp
=e
ar

n¿ ?
c¿ ?
10 ¿ e 4 μtp

Taken log e for both sides

4 μtp
log e 10=log e e

2.303¿ 4 μtp
2.303
=tp
4μ
2π
where tp ¿
√ ω2−μ2
2.303 2π
= 2 2
4μ √ω −μ
Squaring both sides, we have

( ) (
2.303 2
)
2
2π
=
4μ √ ω2−μ2
5.304 39.48
=
16 μ2 ω2−μ 2
2 s 2000
But ω = ¿ =200
m 100
5.304 39.48
2
= 2
16 μ 200−μ
5.304(200−μ2)¿ 39.48 ×16 μ2

1060.8−5.304 μ2=631.68 μ2

1060.8¿ 631.68 μ2 +5.304 μ2

1060.8 636.984 μ2
=
636.984 636.984
2
μ =1.665

2
 ASSINGMENT 1

μ= √1.665=1.29
FREQUENCY
1
n¿
tp
2π
where tp ¿
√ ω2−μ2
2π
tp ¿
√ 200−1.665
1
∴ n= n=2.242 Hz
0.446
Therefor the frequency ¿ 2.242 Hz

DAMPING FORCE
∁
μ=
2m
μ ×2 m=∁
μ=1.29, m=100
1.29×2 ×100=∁
∁=258 Ns/m

2
 ASSINGMENT 1

¿Q6

P ¿ force
p¿ Angular velocity

d2 x d 2 x sx p
m 2 =−sx −P cospt + + cospt=0
dt dt
2
m m

d2 x 2 p
+ ω x= cospt
dt 2
m

2 s
Where ω =
m
2
d x 2
2
+ ω x=0
dt
X = Acosωt+ Bsinωt
2
d x 2 p
+ ω x= cospt
dt 2
m

2
 ASSINGMENT 1

d
Let D=
dt
p
D 2 x +ω 2 x=
m
p
X( D2 +ω 2 ) = cospt
m
pcospt
X¿
m ( D 2 +ω 2 )

f ( P ) cospt=f × (−P2 ) cospt

2

pcospt
X¿
m ( ω 2−P2 )
pcospt
X = Acosωt+ Bsinωt +
m ( ω −P )
2 2

2
 ASSINGMENT 1

II.
DATA
m =20kg
s =8kN/m = 8000N/m
∁ =130Ns/m
V =10cm/s = 0.1m/s

2 s 800 2
I. ω= = =400(ras / s )
m 20

∁ 130
2 μ= = =6.5
m 20

∁ 130
μ= = =3.25
2 m 2(20)

The equation of motion is;

2
d x dx
m =−∁ −sx
dt 2
dt

d2 x dx
m +∁ +sx =0
dt 2
dt

2
d x ∁ dx s
+ + x=0
dt m dt m
2

d2 x dx 2
+ 2 μ +ω x=0
dt 2
dt

2
d x dx
+ 6.5 + 400 x=0
dt
2
dt
Hence the solution is;
X = e− μt ( Acos √(ω 2−μ 2)t + Bsin √ (ω 2−μ 2)t )
X = e−3.25 t ( Acos √ 400−( 3.25 )2 t + Bsin √ 400−( 3.25 )2 t)
X = e−3.25 t ( Acos 19.73 t+ Bsin 19.73 t )

2
 ASSINGMENT 1

When;
t¿ 0 , x=0
0 = e−3.25 (0 ) (Acos 19.73 ( 0 ) + Bsin 19.73 ( 0 ) )
0=1× A +0
0=A

When;
dx
t¿ 0 ; =10 cm/s=0.1 m/s
dt

X = e−3.25 t ( Acos 19.73 t+ Bsin 19.73 t )

dx −3.25 t
(−19.73 Asin 19.73t + B19.73 cos 19.73 t )+ ( −3.25 e ) ×( Acos 19.73 t+ Bsin 19.73 t )
−3.25 t
=e
dt

0.1=e−3.25 (0) (−19.73 Asin 19.73 ( 0 ) +B 19.73 cos 19.73 ( 0 ) )+ (−3.25 e−3.25 (0 )) ×( Acos 19.73 ( 0 )+ Bsin 19.73

0.1¿ ( 1× 0+19.73 B )+ (−3.25 ) × ( A +0 )

0.1¿ 0+19.73 B−3.25 A+0

A=0

∴ 0.1=19.73 B−0
B=0.005
X = e−3.25 t ( 0 cos 19.73t +0.005 sin 19.73 t )

X = e−3.25 (2 )( 0 cos 19.73 (2 )+ 0.005sin 19.73 ( 2 ) )

X = e−6.5 (0+0.003)
X = 0 .0015(0+ 0.003)
X = 0+ 4.5 ×10−6
X = 4.5 × 10−6