Concept of secondary

productivity
 INTRODUCTION
 SECONDARY PRODUCTIVITY REFERS TO THE
RATE OF ENERGY STORAGE AT CONSUMER
LEVEL.
 SECONDARY PRODUCTIVITY IS NOT DIVIDED

INTO GROSS &NET AMOUNT , DUE TO THIS

SOME ECOLOGIST PREFER TO USE THE TERM
ASSIMILATION RATHER THAN PRODUCTION
AT CONSUMER LEVEL.
 The secondary producers may be
poikilothermic , homeothermic or saprophytic
organism.
 Secondary production is one of the

interrelated process in energy flow

mechanism.
DIAGRAM SHOWING FOOD CHAIN
IMPORTANCE OF SECONDARY
PRODUCTIVITY
 It serves as an index of significance of the
population in terms of food resources
available to the heterotrophic population
including man ,in the food chain.
 Secondary production is a function of the

amount of the ecosystem, the size and

metabolism of the heterotrophic organism
and the NO. of links in the food chains in an
ecosystem
RELATIONSHIP WITH SECONDARY
PRODUCTION
 LENGTH OF THE FOOD CHAIN

 THE PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY

 THE NATURE AND EXTENT OF ENERGY INPUT

FROM OUTSIDE
SECONDARY PRODUCTIVITY IN
INDIAN ECOSYTEM
 SECONDARY PRODUCERS ARE CATTLE, GOAT, SHEEP, FROGS, TOAD,
GRASSHOPPER, LOCUSTS, BEETLE etc
 CATTLE ARE THE MOST IMPORTANT GROUP OF ABOVE THE GROUND
SECONDARY PRODUCERS AND ALSO THE RODENT ARE VERY
IMPORTANT BECAUSE OF THEIR HIGH CONSUMPTION OF
VEGETATION.
 THE ABUNDANCE OF INVERTEBRATE SECONDARY PRODUCERS
DEPEND UPON THE ABUNDANCE AND DIVERSITY OF THE PLANT
SPECIES AND PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY
 OLIGOCHAETES ARE VERY IMPORTANT FOR SECONDARY PRODUCER
IN INDIAN GRASSLAND, IT FORM 80%OFTHE TOTAL SOIL
INVERTEBRATE BIOMASS WHICH IS HIGHER THAN THE OTHER
INVERTEBRATE
 .

Qualitative and Quantitative study

 plant and animals production directly consumed
 .
Region Energy kcal/day Protin g/day Mortality/1000

Dev. country

Western europe 3130 93.7 11

Nortn amirica 3320 105.5 11

Uss&easten europe 3260 99.3 24

avg Dev. country 3150 96.3 15.9

Third world

Africa 2190 58.4 120

Ear east 2080 50.7 .52

Latin america 1500 69.3 99

avg third worl.country 2210 56.0 93

SECONDARY MARINE PRODUCTION
 The transfer of energy from the autotrophic producers of the marine food chain to
the herbivores zooplankton at the next trophic level is of fundamental importance
since it controls the whole secondary production
 The secondary productivity of the higher trophic level depends on the efficiency of
energy conservation at al the stages of marine food chain.
 the interaction between phytoplankton and zooplankton have a major influence
on the fish harvesting potential of the various sea area.50% of harvest is used as
human food ,while other 50% are used for food poultry and livestock

 Fish are a gift of nature harvested without the need of fertilizer, disease and
predator control or husbandry

 T he most productive marine areas are located in regions of upwelling which occur
largely on western coast as evidenced by the large fisheries in such regions
 TABLE SHOWING ESTIMATE OF FISH
PRODUCTION IN 3 ZONES OF OCEAN
ZONE PORTION OF NO. OF TROPHIC EFFICIE4NCY FISH PRODUCTION
OCEAN(%) LEVEL ENERGY TRANSFER

OPEN OCEAN 90 50 5 1.6

COASTAL ZONE 9.9 100 3 120

UPWELLING AREA 0.1 300 1or 2 120

GLOBAL SECONDARY PRODUCTIVITY OF THE SEAS

 Bogorov(1975) estimate that the total

ecological efficiency of the food chain to
nekton harvested by humans is 3.6 x10-4.
 On a global scale the difference between

actual yield and total secondary production

is made all the greater by the fact that only a
fraction of the large nektonic species is
currently consumed by human .
TOTAL FISH PRODUCTION IN INDIA(IN LAKH TONNES)

YEAR
INLAND MARINE TOTAL

1984-1985 11.03 16.98 28.01

1985-86 11.60 17.16 28.76
1986-87 12.29 17.13 29.42
1987-88 13.01 16.58 29.59
1988-89 13-01 18.17 31.52
1989-90 13.35 22.75 36.77
1990-1991 14.02 23.00 38.36
1991-1992 15.36 24.47 41.57
1992-93 17.10 25.76 43.65
1993-94 17.89 26.490 46.44
1994-95 19.95 26.92 47.89
1995-96 20.95 27.07 49.49
1996-97 22.42 28.57 51.40
COMPARISON
100%

80%

60%

40%

20%
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CONCLUSION
 It serves as a intake in an ecosystem of
population in terms of food resource.
 It involves the production of herbivores

carnivores and decomposer.

 It is a function of the amount of primary

production in a ecosystem , the size and

metabolism of heterotrophic organism and
the links in the food chains in an ecosystem.
THANKS