MORPHOLOGY

OF
RESPIRATORY
TRACT
SUMMARIZED BY:

MARICEL N. CUASITO
The air we breathe goes through the nose or the nasal opening
towards the nasal cavity, these parts are lined with mucus
membrane and cilia or tiny hairs to filter particles in the air.
The pharynx is also known as the throat. It contains the epiglottis
which closes off the opening of the trachea when you swallow. Right
below the epiglottis is the larynx or the voice box.
Trachea, which is also known as the windpipe is made up of muscle,
elastic fibers, and rings of cartilage and is lined with mucus-
secreting cells and cilia to trap foreign materials. from this tube, air
moves towards the bronchi (bronchus for singular), which serve as
the extension of the trachea that divides to the left and right lungs.
The bronchi further stem out into tiny stems called bronchioles that
carry the air in or out from the alveoli. Alveoli then are tiny sacs
inside the lungs where gas exchange happens. They are one-cell thick
and are lined with capillary beds. The alveoli increase the surface
area for a more efficient exchange of gases in the lungs.
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 UPPER
AIRWAYS
A. THE NOSE
• The nose is the external
protuberance of an internal
space, the nasal cavity.
• The nasal cavity is lined by a
respiratory mucosa.
• They clean, moisten, and warm
the inspired air, preparing it
for intimate contact with the
delicate tissues of the gas-
exchange area.

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 UPPER
AIRWAYS
B. THE PHARYNX
• The pharynx can be divided
into three floors:1.
Nasopharynx (primarily a
passageway for air and
secretions from the nose to
the oral pharynx),2.
oral pharynx or oropharynx
(connects anteriorly to the
mouth), and 3. hypopharynx
(represents the site where the
pathways of air and food cross
each other)

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 LOWER
AIRWAYS
A. THE LARYNX
• The larynx is an organ of
complex structure that serves
a dual function: as an air
canal to the lungs and a
controller of its access, and as
the organ of phonation.

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 LOWER
AIRWAYS
B. THE TRACHEA AND THE
STEM BRONCHI
• a tube about 10 to 12 cm (3.9 to
4.7 inches) long and 2 cm (0.8
inch) wide..
• The interior of the trachea is
lined by the typical respiratory
epithelium. The mucosal layer
contains mucous glands.
• At its lower end, the trachea
divides in an inverted Y into the
two stem (or main) bronchi, one
each for the left and right lung
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 LOWER
AIRWAYS
B. THE LUNG
• The structural design of the
airway tree is functionally
important because the branching
pattern plays a role in determining
air flow and particle deposition.
• The conducting airways comprise
 the trachea, the two stem bronchi,
the bronchi, and the bronchioles.
• Their function is to further warm,
moisten, and clean the inspired air
and distribute it to the gas-
exchanging zone of the lung

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 LOWER
AIRWAYS
C. THE LUNG
• The structural design of the
airway tree is functionally
important because the
branching pattern plays a role
in determining air flow and
particle deposition.
• The conducting airways 
comprise the trachea, the two
stem bronchi, the bronchi, and
the bronchioles.

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20XX
ACHIEVEMENTS
& LEARNING
OPPORTUNITIES
 20XX
HIGHLIGHTS
Big moments

4.5% sales growth

$13.2 ml net cash flow

Reduced GHG emissions

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 20XX
LOWLIGHTS
Cost o Raw materials
o Energy
o Transportation

Logistics o Disruptions in market growth

o Lower volumes in Q4

Growth o Q4 impaired warehousing

capacity
o Limited number of warehouses

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CURRENT
PROJECTS
& KEY
METRICS
 PROJECT
REPORT STATUS
KEY PROJECTS % COMPLETE
Europium 90%

Bravo 70%

Goldfish 43%

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 KEY METRICS

80%
68.9%

60%

40%
33.9%

20%
9.3%
2.4%
0%
in in te te
ar
g
ar
g ra ra
m m n n
t s s io t io
fi os er en
p ro G
r n v et
co R
et
N a d
Le
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LOOKING
AHEAD
TO 20XX
 STRATEGIC
GROWTH TIMELINE
Q1: High o Buy and hold investments to
growth spaces achieve growth
o Over time can be most
effective

Q2: Key o Acquire international partners

growth o Expand warehouse capacity
markets

Long-term: o Buy and hold investments to

purpose- achieve growth
driven o Over time can be most
company effective

16
Contoso

BUILDING A
BETTER
FUTURE,
TOGETHER
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