Prepared by Zakcq Lockrem, MUP Harvard Graduate School of Design Instructor Toshiko Mori 12.8.

09 / GSD 1303

Le Kinkeliba Arts Center

Master Plan

Index
1.0 Mission................................... 04 2.0 Introduction........................... 05
2.1 Le Kinkeliba Foundation 2.2 Introduction to Senegal 2.21 History 2.22 Climate 2.3 Demographics 6.2 Electricity 6.21 Requirements 6.22 System 6.3 Water 6.31 Requirements 6.32 Potable Water 6.33 Grey Water 6.34 Water Storage 6.35 Stormwater Management 6.4 Sanitation 6.41 Waste Water 6.42 Solid Waste

3.0 Program.................................. 13
3.1 Participants 3.2 Calender

4.0 Site Evaluation....................... 17

4.1 Regional Context 4.11 Villages 4.12 Roads 4.13 Floodplain 4.2 Site Evaluation

7.0 Open Space................................ 34

7.1 Concept 7.2 Precedent and Program 7.3 Location

5.0 Land Use................................ 21

5.1 Program Requirements 5.2 Land Use Scenarios

8.0 Phasing....................................... 38

6.0 Infrastructure......................... 24
6.1 Transportation 6.11 Circulation Concept 6.12 Parking 6.13 Vehicles and Facilities
Le Kinkeliba Arts Center Master Plan | p.3 |

1.0

Mission

Le Kinkeliba Arts Center will enlarge the mission of the Le Kinkeliba Foundation, which is to provide medical, educational and economic aid to Eastern Senegal. It will do so in a way that is environmentally sustainable, provides economic opportunity and becomes a locus of identity and unity for the region.

Le Kinkeliba Arts Center Master Plan | p.4 |

2.0

Introduction

2.1 Le Kinkeliba Foundation / 2.2 Introduction to Senegal / 2.3 Demographics

Le Kinkeliba Arts Center Master Plan | p.5 |

2.1

Le Kinkeliba Foundation
Founded in 1995, Le Kinkeliba is committed to engaging in concrete actions which facilitate longlasting development to support the most deprived and isolated rural populations of Eastern Senegal. It is guided by the following principles: transparency, information and longlasting collaboration with the people it seeks to support. Le Kinkelibas overall strategy is to transfer completed projects to competent local authorities. It works to facilitate the implantation of local doctors into the countryside by developing physical conditions necessary to support their work in the field. Besides health care, which lies at the heart of Le Kinkelibas mission, the association also encompasses the following areas: education, agriculture, and local economic development. Le Kinkeliba works towards overall holistic development of the areas in which it operates. Ongoing projects of Le Kinkeliba include medical centers at Goumbayel, Sinthian and Wassadou; elementary education facilities at Saal, Koar and Nimnkl; girls and boys residences at Tambacounda; and the farm school at Tilo-Tilo.

Le Kinkeliba Arts Center Master Plan | p.6 |

2.2

Introduction to Senegal

Dakar

Art Center Site

1000 km

Le Kinkeliba Arts Center Master Plan | p.7 |

History
Independent of French rule since 1960, Senegal has a long history as a center of African culture and unity in the postcolonial era. Located on the western-most part of Africa, the country served as an administrative hub for the French colonial empire and a center of Francophone African culture. The countrys first president, Lopold Senghor, was a leading proponent of panAfricanism, attempting to unite Africa into a single federation. Although he was unsuccessful, he did establish a tradition of democratic rule, making Senegal one of the most stable, most democratic countries on the entire continent.

France Senegal French Colonies

Le Kinkeliba Arts Center Master Plan | p.8 |

Climate
Senegals climate is tropical, with well defined wet and dry seasons. Most of the rainfall occurs between July and September, with most other months having little or no rainfall. Temperatures are hottest in the wet season. However, even in the coolest months the average temperature remains 20 degrees Celsius.
Temp.
28 27 26 25 24

Rainfall Dry Season Rainy Season Dry Season 250 mm 225 mm 200 mm 175 mm 150 mm 125 mm 100 mm 75 mm 50 mm 25 mm Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec.

23 22 21 20 19

Le Kinkeliba Arts Center Master Plan | p.9 |

income and cost of living

22% 54% live on

2.3

average

Demographics

live in poverty

<

per day

Despite its political stability, Senegal shares many of the problems of other African nations. The population is poor and young. More than half of the population is under the age of 19 and more than half live in poverty. Unemployment is widespread, especially in rural areas, causing large seasonal migrations of workers to the cities and to Europe.

$820
life expectancy

income

annual 1kg
costs

41

age characteristics

pop. 12.5 million

median age

life expectancy

1 million

80+ 75 - 79 70 - 74 65 - 69 60 - 64 55 - 59 50 - 54 45 - 49 40 - 44 35 - 39 30 - 34 25 - 29 20 - 24 15 - 19 10 - 14 5-9 0-4

median age

1 million

Le Kinkeliba Arts Center Master Plan | p.10 |

employment by sector

urban / rural divide

25% urban

75% rural

seasonal migration patterns

population density

< 15 16 - 40 41 - 70 71 - 275 > 275

Route of Migration Regional Employment Center

Persons Per Square Kilometer

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Tribal Identities
Like many African nations, the borders of Senegal have more to do with colonial necessities then cultural ties. As such, many diferent tribes live in close proximity to each other throughout Senegal. In total, there are more than 30 distinctive group identities, which can be reduced to six main population groups. Each tribe has a traditional territory, although urban / rural migration and more than a century of political unity has caused significant mixing of tribes. Culturally and linguistically, many tribes are similar in significant ways and intermarriage is not uncommon.

wolof

fula

mandinka soninke jola other groups serer

percentage of population

traditional tribal areas

Le Kinkeliba Arts Center Master Plan | p.12 |

3.0

Program

3.1 Student - Artist Relationship / 3.2 Calendar

Le Kinkeliba Arts Center Master Plan | p.13 |

3.1 Student - Artist Relationship

One of the main missions of the arts center is to be a locus of local identity and unity. As such, it will be a location for the mixing of people from diverse tribal backgrounds. Six artists will be selected by the foundation for six month residencies. The artists will be responsible for teaching local students. The students will be selected from numerous surrounding villages by tribal elders, ensuring a diverse population. In return for room, board and education, the students will be responsible for staffing the center and for farming.

local villages

le kinkeliba arts center

artists + =

Le Kinkeliba Arts Center Master Plan | p.14 |

3.2 Calendar
Both the weekly movements between villages and the seasonal rhythms of life in rural Senegal must play an important part in the program of the arts center. Movement of artist and students from the site into the villages during weekly market days will be an important component of outreach to surrounding communities. During these visits, artists and students will perform and collect songs and art from villagers. Large celebrations will also be held for villagers at the site on a monthly basis. While the artists will only be present on the site for a six-month residency, the students will be on-site eleven months of the year for planting and harvesting, supplemented by local workers.

everyday site

market days site

celebration days site

sat.

sun.

mon.

tue.

wed.

thur.

fri.

fri.

fri. fri.

fri. fri.

fri. fri.

fri. fri.

feb. feb.

mar. mar.

apr. apr.

may. may.

jun. jun.

jul. jul.

daily

weekly

monthly

village

village

village

Le Kinkeliba Arts Center Master Plan | p.15 |

Le Kinkeliba Arts Center Master Plan | p.16 |

4.0

Site Evaluation

4.1 Regional Context / 4.2 Site Evaluation

Le Kinkeliba Arts Center Master Plan | p.17 |

4.1 Regional

Context

The site is a plateau just north of the Gambia River. Numerous villages surround the site. The Gambia is the site of significant seasonal flooding and banana plantations line the river during the dry season.

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4.2

Site Analysis

An analysis was conducted using GIS. The site was divided into 20 meter by 20 meter squares. An algorithm was then run to assign each square with a value based on slope, view, access and wind. The results were then compiled, identifying the four sites most suitable (least slope, best view, best access, most wind) for construction.

Le Kinkeliba Arts Center Master Plan | p.19 |

Title
Content goes here Content goes here (left) Areas outlined in white are the most suitable building sites as identified by the above listed factors.

Le Kinkeliba Arts Center Master Plan | p.20 |

5.0

Land Use

5.1 Program Requirements / 5.2 Land Use Scenarios

Le Kinkeliba Arts Center Master Plan | p.21 |

5.1

Program Requirements
total built area
464 sq meters

Residential spaces are of uniform sizes, allowing for a changing program of residents.

64 sq meters

studio

Studio spaces are largely open but contain private space for both students and artists. Archive contains a gallery, an archive and a resource library

residential
288 sq meters

32 sq meters 32 sq meters 32 sq meters

archive

kitchen

one type, multiple uses

6 single rooms artists 2 double rooms staff 10 triple rooms students

lavatory

16 sq meters
Le Kinkeliba Arts Center Master Plan | p.22 |

storage

5.2

Land Use Scenarios

residential studio archive kitchen lavatory storage

Le Kinkeliba Arts Center Master Plan | p.23 |

6.0

Infrastructure

6.1 Transportation / 6.2 Electricity / 6.3 Water / 6.4 Sanitation

Le Kinkeliba Arts Center Master Plan | p.24 |

circulation concept

Pedestrian traffic is favored in the plan, followed by animal and bicycle, and finally auto traffic. This is also evident sectionally. Cars are parked at the bottom of the hill, while the pedestrian realm dominates on the plateau. Bikes and animals provide a link between the levels.

6.1 Transportation
As a remote site in rural Africa, there are significant issues relating to transportation and access. The transportation plan will address the following goals: 1. While automobile access is important, the vast majority of Africans do not drive. The plan must focus on pedestrian, animal and bicycle access. 2. Space must be provided for maintenance of vehicles and bicycles and fodder for animals on site. 3. The program must include rides to the site for villagers if they are to be included in the activities of the arts center.

restricted vision

Views are restricted on pathways, creating Pedestrians experience the plateau as an a sense of enclosure. Visibility widens at island. Paths circumnavigate the plateau, scenic overlooks and in open space. connecting scenic overlooks.

plateau as island

Le Kinkeliba Arts Center Master Plan | p.25 |

road typologies

primary roadway

paved seeled road, primary access

3.5 m

secondary roadway

gravel road, secondary access

2.5 m

pathway

1.5 m
Le Kinkeliba Arts Center Master Plan | p.26 |

Parking 128 sq meters 6-8 vehicles Vehicle Maintenence and Fueling 32 sq meters

Le Kinkeliba Arts Center Master Plan | p.27 |

vehicles

The center will maintain a fleet of bicycles for the use of residents, as well as a bus to transport residents to villages on market days and villagers to the center for performances.

regional circulation

Center residents will visit different villages on market days, making use of the centers vehicle and bicycles. For large scale performances and celebrations, the vehicle will make trips to bring villagers to and from the center.

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relative per capita energy consumption

6.2

Electricity
Available solar energy:

Senegal China Germany 2000 kWh 10,000 kWh 50,000 kWh

USA 100,000 kWh

Since there is no electrical grid in the region, power must be produced on site. Senegals location near the equator and the southern exposure of the site make solar power the most attractive solution. Utilization of roof space would allow for infrastructure to be both ubiquitous and inconspicuous. Energy can be conserved and cost minimized by reducing the number of hours that power is available to different parts of the program. A gas powered generator should be available as a backup, especially during the rainy season.

5.73 kWh per meter square per day

possible roof configurations

464 square meters 970,000 kWh 27,000 kWh per capita

232 square meters 485,000 kWh 13,500 kWh per capita

117 square meters 245,500 kWh 6,750 kWh per capita

Le Kinkeliba Arts Center Master Plan | p.29 |

hours of power

Energy consumption can be further limited by providing electricity to buildings based on a schedule. Residential buildings have power as people wake up and go to sleep, while the studios have power during daytime hours and into the night. The archive is open in the afternoons and the lavatories have power all the time. The kitchens open early and close after dark. Midnight

6 PM

6 AM

residential studio archive kitchen lavatory

Noon

Le Kinkeliba Arts Center Master Plan | p.30 |

water requirements

6.3

Water

The UN recommends a daily water consumption of 20 liters per person. This amounts to 700 liters per day for the complete program.

Secondary to the need for power is the need for water. Proximity to the Gambia River and a high water table create favorable conditions for collecting enough water, even in the dry season. Using wind power to pump and solar heating to purify potable water, the slope of the site can be utilized to deliver water downhill. Additionally, rain water can be collected from the roofs of buildings, and stored as grey water. Because of the large slope of the site, several landscape controls are necessary to protect downhill areas.

windmill

Provides potable water for the site.

solar heater

Water passes through plastic containers and is filtered by the suns power.

Le Kinkeliba Arts Center Master Plan | p.31 |

grey water

Rainwater is collected from roof surfaces and stored below ground in retaining pools.

water storage

Above ground storage allows water to travel through pipes under pressure and to retain a significant amount of extra water for emergencies. An 8 cubic meter storage tank would retain 7400 liters of water, enough for over one week.

2 meters

2 meters

stormwater management

Swales and plantings are used to allow slower filtration and control rainwater on the slopes.

Le Kinkeliba Arts Center Master Plan | p.32 |

6.4

Sanitation

biogas / septic unit

Sanitation must be achieved at low cost and in an environmentally sustainable way. A biogas septic unit filters water and human waste, allowing them to be reused. Waste water filters back into the environment, while the process of filtration releases methane gases that can be harnessed and used for cooking and fuel. Utilization will significantly lower dependence on firewood and charcoal. Waste, once treated, can also be used as manure.

Le Kinkeliba Arts Center Master Plan | p.33 |

7.0

Open Space

7.1 Concept / 7.2 Precedent and Program / 7.3 Location

Le Kinkeliba Arts Center Master Plan | p.34 |

7.1

Concept

The total site area is roughly 50 acres. Just under 1 acre will be built space, leaving 49 acres vacant. The remaining space will be divided between enclosed, open, seminatural and natural spaces.

49 acres

Le Kinkeliba Arts Center Master Plan | p.35 |

Precedent and Program

Le Kinkeliba Arts Center Master Plan | p.36 |

Content goes here typology 2

Content goes here

typology 3 typology 2 typology 1

typology 4

Le Kinkeliba Arts Center Master Plan | p.37 |

8.0

Phasing

Le Kinkeliba Arts Center Master Plan | p.38 |

map:

Phasing
Phasing is considered to be an opportunity to enhance and expand programmatic considerations. Construction begins with infrastructure and artists residences. In the second phase, artists are encouraged to participate in the design and reclamation of open space. By the third phase, the final open space, infrastructure, studios and the archive complete the program.

infrastructure: built space: open space: people: program:

Le Kinkeliba Arts Center Master Plan | p.39 |

map:

infrastructure: built space: open space: people: program:

Le Kinkeliba Arts Center Master Plan | p.40 |