Project in Chemistry

Submitted By: Mary Angeline F. Two

Submitted to: Mrs. Genevieve Lopez

Construction of Deep- Well Tank In Surigao

Table of Contents: Introduction Page 1 Acknowledgements Page 1 Kind of Soil Page 2 Pictures Page 3 and 4 Effect Page 5 References Page 6

Introduction: Greetings of Peace and Love! The primary reason in making this Portfolio to explain the construction of the deep-well tank in Surigao area. The author is tasked by the construction company to gather more information about the kind of soil in the area. It contains the authors researches, pictures, explanation about the kind of soil in the area and its effects. I hope that you will appreciate my Work!

Mary Angeline F. Two The Author

Acknowledgements: First of all, to my mother, who helped me and allowed me to work overnight for this project and provided me the materials needed. For the authors whom I copied some meaning from the internet. Thank you! And to God, who gave me inspiration, knowledge, ideas, and strength to finish this project.

Kind of Soil in Surigao: -The soils in the province is basically clay and sandy loam types. The soils in the mainland area is generally classified as loam soil characterized as permeable, moderately drained and highly suitable for agricultural development. The Dinagat island soils, is dominated by Dinagat clay loam which comprised 70%, 20% of Cabatohan loam, and 10% of Bolinao clay steep phase. It is characterized as friable, slightly sticky and granular in nature.The soil type in Siargao island is : 80% Bolinao clay, 60% Cabatohan clay and 10% Jamoyaon clay loam. The island of Bucas Grande is highly acidic due to the presence of mineral ores thereby needing careful soil management. Clay Type: Clay soil is dense and rich, holding a lot of the nutrients plants need to thrive. Made up of small particles, clay feels smooth to the touch when dry and will stick to your fingers when wet. Thick clay soils are full of plant-enriching nutrients, but this heavy soil type does not allow for much air and water circulation. Understand the composition of clay soil to improve and work with it in your garden. Clay is naturally formed on or near the Earth's surface, made up of metal oxides and minerals such as quartz and carbonate. Clay soil may be comprised of only 50-percent clay particles, with other soil types mixing into the composition. Clay particles are the smallest of soil particles. On a molecular level, the tiny particles are horizontally stacked together. Because of this particle stacking, clay soils often cover a wide area of ground. Tiny clay particles naturally stack together to create a dense, thick soil layer that provides less drainage than other soil types. Each individual clay particle carries a negative charge, allowing it to absorb or adhere to positively charged elements, including magnesium, calcium, ammonium, potassium and many other nutrients that plants love. By nature, clay soil is packed with many nutrients that are needed for healthy plant growth, but clay alone is far too thick for most plants to grow in naturally. Loam type: Loam is soil composed of sand, silt, and clay in relatively even concentration (about 40-40-20% concentration respectively). Loam soils generally contain more nutrients and humus than sandy soils, have better infiltration and drainage than silty soils, and are easier to till than clay soils. Loams are gritty, moist, and retain water easily. Loam is considered ideal for gardening and agricultural uses because it retains nutrients well and retains water while still allowing the water to flow freely. This soil is found in a majority of successful farms in regions around the world known for their fertile land. Loam soil feels soft and rich and is easy to work over a wide range of moisture conditions. There are many different types of loam soils, each with slightly different characteristics, and with some draining liquids more efficiently than others.

Pictures: Clay Soil:

Loam Soil:

Effects: What will be the effect if we will make the Deep-Well Tank in Surigao? First of all, the deep well tank that we will going to make is for the residential maintenance of water in some places in Surigao, like Dinagat islands and some municipals of Surigao Del Norte. It will make the people whom in the past years, had a hard time in getting a clean and sufficient water for their families. It will help them much because, they can easily get water not too far from their houses, and they can make sure it is clean and safe. It can also help farmers who need much water for their crops like rice, corn and the like, when it is the dry season. Magnesium is needed for more than 300 biochemical reactions in the body. It helps maintain normal muscle and nerve function, keeps heart rhythm steady, supports a healthy immune system, and keeps bones strong. Magnesium also helps regulate blood sugar levels, promotes normal blood pressure, and is known to be involved in energy metabolism and protein synthesis .There is an increased interest in the role of magnesium in preventing and managing disorders such as hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. Dietary magnesium is absorbed in the small intestines. Magnesium is excreted through the kidneys. Calcium is needed for strong bones and teeth. When ammonia enters the body as a result of breathing, swallowing or skin contact, it reacts with water to produce ammonium hydroxide. This chemical is very corrosive and damages cells in the body on contact. Potassium is a very important mineral that helps us feel and be healthy everyday. Potassium is found inside the human body cells (also found outside the body cells in very small quantity of about 2-3% of total Potassium contents of the body). Potassium plays an important role in smooth muscular and cellular functioning, cardiovascular functioning, muscle contractions, nerve transmission, in conversion of glucose into glycogen and muscle building etc. Potassium in body is necessary to monitor and regulate aldosterone (hormone found in human body). It also plays an important role of a catalyst for many types of enzymes inside the human body, in other terms; it helps in spawning many important chemical reactions inside human body. It is believed by many people (doctors) that Potassium helps in improving ATP hydrolysis.

References: http://surigaonorte.tripod.com/introphysical.htm http://flagspot.net/flags/ph-xiii.html Composition of Clay Soil | eHow.com http://www.ehow.com/list_7380778_composition-claysoil.html#ixzz1UJ1PvUke

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loam http://www.google.com.ph/imgres?q=clay+soil&hl=tl&biw=1024&bih=542&gbv=2&tbm=isch&tbnid=yk wIFO5dekRXQM:&imgrefurl=http://www.rain.org/global-garden/soil-types-andtesting.htm&docid=wyoQJHQTKd2PwM&w=602&h=693&ei=RwUTofqHM7RmAWq1OjsBw&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=136&vpy=190&dur=481&hovh=241&hovw=209&tx=9 8&ty=112&page=1&tbnh=135&tbnw=117&start=0&ndsp=15&ved=1t:429,r:5,s:0 http://www.google.com.ph/imgres?q=clay+soil&hl=tl&biw=1024&bih=542&gbv=2&tbm=isch&tbnid=Do rcFd_Kmt2WiM:&imgrefurl=http://www.harmonygardens.net/Newsletters/Newsletter2/HG_Newsletter -5.htm&docid=tmGd_svzUsSzqM&w=430&h=343&ei=RwUTofqHM7RmAWq1OjsBw&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=802&vpy=131&dur=835&hovh=144&hovw=181&tx=1 37&ty=64&page=2&tbnh=123&tbnw=155&start=15&ndsp=15&ved=1t:429,r:4,s:15 http://www.google.com.ph/imgres?q=clay+soil&hl=tl&biw=1024&bih=542&gbv=2&tbm=isch&tbnid=s3u3E5rjGLeqM:&imgrefurl=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/gardening/gardeningadvice/helenyemm/6026617/How-to-improve-clay-soil.html&docid=7AxZM3Rptld2AM&w=460&h=288&ei=RwUTofqHM7RmAWq1OjsBw&zoom=1&iact=rc&dur=230&page=2&tbnh=117&tbnw=164&start=15&ndsp=1 5&ved=1t:429,r:9,s:15&tx=121&ty=42 http://www.google.com.ph/imgres?q=loam+soil&hl=tl&gbv=2&biw=1024&bih=542&tbm=isch&tbnid=3 OUKwU_e24JDeM:&imgrefurl=http://www.rain.org/global-garden/soil-types-andtesting.htm&docid=wyoQJHQTKd2PwM&w=597&h=692&ei=1wUTqGyLO3UmAWbscSRCA&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=636&vpy=47&dur=349&hovh=242&hovw=208&tx=95 &ty=117&page=1&tbnh=128&tbnw=110&start=0&ndsp=16&ved=1t:429,r:3,s:0 http://www.google.com.ph/imgres?q=loam+soil&hl=tl&gbv=2&biw=1024&bih=542&tbm=isch&tbnid=O X9_O8ZvHjGfGM:&imgrefurl=http://www.enjoy-your-garden.com/types-ofsoil.html&docid=caoYfm2xxXvAHM&w=250&h=150&ei=1wUTqGyLO3UmAWbscSRCA&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=182&vpy=116&dur=2483&hovh=120&hovw=200&tx=8 8&ty=78&page=1&tbnh=120&tbnw=184&start=0&ndsp=16&ved=1t:429,r:0,s:0