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;f]r

;f]rsf] gjf}
jf+} ;+:s/0f;Dd
s/0f;Dd cfOk'Ubf
b'O{ jif{ ^ dlxgfsf] 5f]6f] cjlw leq …;f]rÚ lstfjsf] gjf}+ ;+:s/0f
5fKg kfp“g' d]/f] nflu ;f}efUosf] s'/f xf] . o;sf] nflu d ;Dk"0f{
kf7sju{x?k|lt cfef/L 5' . …;f]rÚ lstfjsf] dfu cd]l/sf / a]nfotdf klg
a9]sf] /x]5 . lstfa x'nfsaf6 ljb]zdf k7fp“bf dx“uf] kg{] ePsf]n] d]/f]
klxn]sf] ;xof]uL /d0f zfSon] cfºg} vr{df …;f]rÚ sf] e-book agfP/
cGt/fli6«o ahf/df laqmL ul//x]sf 5g\ . clxn] u'?s'ndf sfo{/t snfsf/
efO{ /ljGb| l;+x aflgof / ;+uLtsf/ nId0f z]ifn] klg lstfj k9\g afgL
gePsf / k9g g;Sg]x?nfO{ …;f]rÚ sf] cl8of] Sof;]6 / CD agfP/ æ;'Gg]
lstfjÆ sf] ?kdf ahf/df NofO;s]sf] 5 .

s]xL dlxgf cl3 …;f]rÚ sf] cgflws[t k|ltx? klg ahf/df cfof]
eGg] xNnf ;'Gbf Psl5g cln g/dfO{nf] nfUof] . dnfO{ k};f x/fof] eg] lk/
x'“b}g t/ a'l4 rf]¥of] eg] b'Mv nfU5, ;fob d Jofkf/L eGbf klg cln k|fl1s
ePsf]n] xf] ls < slxn]sfxL+ /fli6«o Pjd\ cGt/fli6«o ljif]z1x? cWoog,
k|ltj]bg jf u'?of]hgfx? tof/ ug{] qmddf d sxf“ ;/;Nnfx ug{ cfp5g\ .
;/;Nnfx u5{' eGb} slxn]sfxL+ pgLx? c?x?sf] a'l4 y'Tg] sfd u5{g\ . kl5
cfºgf] k|ltj]bg k|:t't ubf{ c?x?sf] ;'emfj / ljrf/x?nfO{ ;d]t ljgf
lxRflsrfx6 cfºg} elg n]Vg] u5{g . ca t s'g} :jb]zL tyf ljb]zL
ljif]z1x? d sxf“ ;/;Nnfx lng cfof] eg] klxn] g} pgLx?nfO{ d]/f
ljrf/x? of t reference df of t foot note df /fVg'kg{] jf“rf u/fp“5' .
o:tf] 5'Rrf] s'/f ubf{ dnfO{ cln cK7\of/f] t nfU5 t/ s] ug{] <

…;f]rÚ lstfjsf] cgflws[t k|ltx? 5flkof] eGg] xNnf ;'g]/ klxn] t

g/dfOnf] nfu]s]f lyof] . kl5 ahf/df vf; u/L ufp“ 3/df …;f]rÚ sf]
cgflws[t k|lt uPsf]df dnfO{ Tolt b'Mv nfu]g . d]/f] OR5f t cfºgf]

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;f]r
efjgfx? hg;dIf lnP/ hfg] lyof] . / olb s;}n] …;f]rÚ sf] gSsnL lstfa
5flk/fVg' ePsf] 5 eg] klg pxf“x?n] d]/f] s'g} a'l4 rf]/]sf] geO{ emg d]/f]
lstfjnfO{ hg;dIf al9 k|rf/ ug{] cleofgnfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofO/fv]sf]
eG7fgL pxf“x?nfO{ wGojfb lbg rfxG5' .
Gf]kfndf lstfa n]v]/ klg cfDbfgL x'G5 eGg] s'/f d}n] klxn]
;f]r]sf] lyPg . …;f]rÚ eGbf klxn] d}n] cª\u|]hLdf rf/ j6f lstfj
n]lv;s]sf] lyP . t/ k|sfzg c?n] u/]sf] x'“bf d}n] clxn];Dd tL
lstfax?af6 Ps k};f kfPsf] 5}g . a;\ d}n] klg lstfj n]lv;s]s]f 5' eGg]
cln wfs /jfkm dfq x“'bf] /x]5 . k|sfzsn] /f]oN6L afkt lbPsf] afx| k|ltzt
lstfjx? Tf ;fyLx?nfO{ lb+bf lbb} l;l4G5 . slxn]sfxL+ t cfºgf] ldqx?nfO{
lstfa pkxf/ lbg'kbf{ ahf/af6 cfºg} lstfa lsg]/ klg lbg] u/]sf] 5' .
…;f]rÚ lstfjsf] xsdf klxn] Pp6f k|sfzsn] 5fKg grfx]kl5 d}n] cfkm}n]
5fKf]sf] lyP . c? k|sfzsn] 5flklbPsf] eP aaf{b} x'g] lyof] . slxnsfxL+
c;kmn k|of; kZrft klg pknAwLd"ns glthf cfpbf]/x]5 . clxn];Dd
…;f]rÚ lstfjaf6 rf/ nfv ?k}of“ gfkmf eO;s]sf] 5 . lbdfunfO{ 3f]6]/
;+sng u/]sf] of] gfkmfsf] :jfb dx h:t} u'lnof] / dL7f] 5 / c? Jofkfl/s
cfDbfgL eGbf km/s /x]5 . lstfjaf6 cfPsf] of] cfDbfgL d}n] Pp6f 5'6}
vftfdf /fv]sf] 5' / slxn]sfxL+ of] vftfaf6 cfºgf] ?rLs/ ;dfh;]jf
sfo{df vr{]sf] 5' .
Hfa /ljGb| aflgof / nId0f z]ifn] …;f]rÚ sf] …;'Gg] lstfaÚ lgsfNg]
k|Ztfjgf lnP/ cfof], d}n] t'?Gt} oxL /sd dWo]af6 Psnfv tL; xhf/
?k}of“ nId0f z]ifnfO{ lbP/ tLg ;o j6f cl8of] l;=8L lgsfNg cg'/f]w u/] .
g]kfndf g]kfnL k9\g g;Sg]x?sf] w]/} hdft 5g\ . c?x?sf] t s'/} 5f]8f}
cfºg} 3/df d]/f] 5f]/f÷5]f/L / a'xf/Lx?n] clxn];Dd …;f]rÚ lstfj k9]s}
/x]g5 . ;f“Rr} eGg] xf] eg] lstfjdf d}n] Pp6f RofK6/ t 5f]/f–5f]/L,
a'xf/Lx?n] g} k9f];\ eg]/ n]v]sf] lyP . cfhsn 5f]/f–5f]/Lx? c?x?sf] s'/f
;'Gg ?rfp“5g\ t/ cfºg} cfdf, afa'sf] clt{ ;'Gg rfxb}g . d]/f] 5f]/f,
5f]/Lx?n] lstfa gk9\g' Tof] sf/0fn] dfq xf]Og . pgLx? ;fg} b]lv O+uln;
af]l8{ª :s"ndf k9]sf] x'“bf g]kfnL lstfa k9g] afgL 5}g . o:tf] dflg;x?

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;f]r
g]kfndf w]/} 5g . To;}n] klg …;'Gg] lstfaÚ lgsfNg dgnfu]sf] lyof] . …;f]rÚ
sf] cl8of]df hDdf 5 j6f l;=8Lx? 5g\ . k9g g;Sg] ;a} kf7sx?n]
o;nfO{ ;lhn} lsGg ;Sb}g . To;}n] krf; j6f hlt cl8of] l;=8L= d}n] Pkm
Pd, /]l8of]x?nfO{ lgz'Ns ljt/0f ug{] / af“sL b'O ;o j6f cl8of] l;= 8L=
u'?s'ndf gf6s x]g{ cfpg] bz{sx?nfO{ ljqmL ul/ ;f] af6 cfPsf] cfDbfgL
u'?s'nnfO{ ;xof]u ug{] ljrf/ u/] . u'?s'nsf hGdbftf, ‰jf§ x]bf{ l/;fxf
h:tf] b]lvg], sd af]Ng] t/ ;w}+ ;kgfnfO{ ?kfGt/0f ug{df tNnLg Young
Turk ;'lgn kf]]v/]nn] p/f7 nfUbf] sf7df8f}+sf] b}lglsnfO{ cTofw'lgs gf6s
d~rg u/]/ ;dsflng ;dfhnfO{ af}l4s / k|ultzLn agfpg vf]lh/x]sf
5g\ . ;'lgn kf]v/]n h:tf] l;h{gzLn JolQmTjsf] cleofgdf yf]/} ePklg
d}n] s]xL efjk"0f{ ;xof]u ug{ ;Sof] eg] dnfO{ w]/} v'zL nfU5 .
…;f]rÚ af6 cfPsf] cfDbfgL d}n] OR5fPsf] s]xL /fd|f] sfddf nufpg
kfpg' d]/f] nflu 7"nf] efUosf] s'/f xf] . s]xL ;do klxn] d d]/f] cf“vf
hrfpg ltnu+uf cf“vf c:ktfndf uPsf] lyP . of] eGbf klxn] d of]
c:ktfndf slxn] uPsf] lyPg . leq hfgf ;fy b]zsf] s'gf sfKrfaf6 ;of+}
dflg;x? cf“vf h“rfpg cfpg]x?sf] x'n b]v]+ . x'n b]v]/ d klxn] t Psbd
cndndf k/] . d]/f] ;xof]uL ;fsf/ skfnL klg d ;“u cfPsf] lyof] . p;n]
eg;'g u/]/ d]/f] hrfpg] kfnf] cuf8L ;fg{ vf]lh/x]s]f lyP . t/ d}n]
nfOgd} a;]/ cf“vf hrfp“g] ljrf/ u/]+ . l/;]K;g sfpG6/df uP/ cf“vf
s;/L hrfpg] eGg] k|lqmof a'em]kl5 ljgf s'g} emGem6 d}n] ;xh tl/sfn]
cf“vf h“rfpg kfP“ . lj/fdLx?sf] olt 7"nf] rfk x'“bf–x“'b} klg ltnu+uf cf“vf
c:Kftfnsf] lgod emGeml6nf] vfnsf] 5}g . la/fdLx? nfO{gdf a:b} hrfp“bf]
/x]5g\ / y'k|} 8fS6/x?n] ldg]6 ldg]6df la/fdLx?nfO{ ;/n tl/sfn] cf“vf
hf“Rbf] /x]5 . o; c:ktfnsf] ;Dk"0f{ d]l;gx? cTofw'lgs / l6lnSs 6Ns]sf]
kfP“ . ;f/f c:ktfn Psbd ;kmf / ;'“£3/ 5, clg sfd ug{] sd{rf/Lx? klg
cToGt ldng;f/ . cf“vf h“rfpg] qmddf d 8f=;Gb's ?Otsf] sf]7fdf k'u] .
æ/]d0f d]ufz];]Æ h:tf] ul/dfdo kbsaf6 ;Ddflgt eP/ klg pxf“df s'g}
ls;Ldsf] 3d08 / cledfg 5}g . ;/n :jefj / rflxg] eGbf al9 k6Ss}
gaf]Ng] pxf“sf] JolQmTj b]v]/ d cToGt k|efljt eP .

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;f]r
8]9 306f leq d}n] d]/f]] cf“vfsf] k|];/ b]lv df]ltljGb', hnljGb' /
cf“vfsf] kfj/ ;d]t hrfpg kfP“, Tof] klg w]/} sd df]ndf . sxf“ kfOG5
o:tf] ;]jf < d}n] cfºgf] cf“vf h“rfpg lbNnLsf] Pkf]nf] / j}+sssf] a'D?ªu|f8
c:ktfndf klg k'us ] f lyP . t/ ltnu+ufsf] ;]jf tL c:ktfnx?sf] eGbf
s'g} b[i6Lsf]0fn] sd 5}g, cem /fd|f] . g]kfndf s]xL klg sfd x'“b}g / ug{
;lsb}g eGg] gsf/fTds dgl:ylt af]s]sf dflg;x?nfO{ Psrf]6L of] ltnu+uf
cf“vf c:ktfn b]vfpg} k5{ . Toxf“ sfo{/t ;Dk"0f{ 8fS6/ / sd{rf/Lx?n]
b[i6LljxLg c;xfo JolQmx?nfO{ k'¥ofO/fv]sf] ct'nlgo ;]jf x]g{ nfPssf] 5
. cf“vf hrfpg] qmddf 8fS6/n] d]/f] cf“vfsf] gfgL km'nfpg cf}iflw xfn] kl5
d cf“vf lrDn]/ of] c:ktfnnfO{ s;/L ;xof]u ug{ ;lsG5 / s;/L ;/sf/
/ hgtfsf] Wofgfsif{0f u/fpg ;lsPnf eg]/ ljrf/ ub{} lyP . ToxL a]nf
cgfof; d]/f] …;f]rÚ lstfjaf6 k|fKt u/]sf] gfkmf dWo] Ps nfv ?k}of“
ltnu+uf cf“vf c:ktfnnfO{ lbg] lg0f{o u/] . x'g t ltnu+uf cf“vf c:ktfn
clxn] olt ;'Jojl:yt eO;s]sf] 5 ls Toxf“ d]/f] of] ;fgf] cg'bfgsf]
cfjZostf 5}g . oBkL o; kljq ;+:yfgsf] nflu Tof] Pp6f d]/f] ;fgf]
efjgfTds cg'bfgdfq /xg]5 . d rfxG5', d h:tf s]xL x'g] vfg] JolQm,
Jofkf/L jf pBdLx?n] klg /fi6«s} uf}/jsf] k|lts To; ltnu+uf c:ktfndf
h;n] h] hlt ;S5 Tolt ;xof]u u?g / ;fy} To:tf efjgfTds
cleJolQmn] ;Gb's ?Ot h:tf ;k"t ;dfh;]jLx?nfO{ pT;flxt u/fp“g eGg]
cfzf /fVb} d}n] lbPsf] rGbfsf] ;"rgf kqklqsfdf klg lj1fkg u/]sf] lyP .
…;f]rÚ n]v]sf] ;f9] b'O jif{sf] cjlwdf g]kfndf w]/} /fhg}lts
kl/jt{g cfO;s]sf] 5 . xfdL ;w}+ kl/jt{gsf tL dxTjk"0f{ sf/s ljGb'nfO{
rgfvf] eP/ x]l//xg' k5{ . Ps l8u|L tfkqmdsf] ptf/r9fjn] lxp“ kUn]/
kfgL aG5, kfgL pDn]/ jfkm . 5\ofln; ;fnsf] cfGbf]ngn] lxp h:tf] hd]sf]
lgb{nLo k~rfotnfO{ t/n k|hftGqdf ?kfGt/0f ul/lbP . c7f/ jif{;Dd
plDn/x]sf] t/n /fhgLltnfO{ !( lbgsf] qmflGtn] jfkmdf kl/0ft ul/lbP, Tof]
lg/fsf/ jfkmnfO{ d+l;/ % ut]sf] P]ltxfl;s zflGt jftf{n] rf]vf] nf]stGqsf]
lztljGb'df cjt/0f ul/lbP . ljZjdf sxL gePsf], sxL g;'g]sf] / sxL
g;f]r]sf] P]ltxfl;s zflGt jftf{n] x/]s g]kfnLsf] zL/ uf}/jn] 7f8f]

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;f]r
kfl/lbPsf] 5 . o;n] g]kfn vQd 5}g, g]kfnL sd 5}g / g]kfnL g]tf
gfnfos klg 5}g eGg] ;Gb]z lbPsf] 5 .

xfdL clxn] P]ltxfl;s kl/jt{gsf] ;+qmd0fsfndf 5f}+ . t/ o;f]

eGb}df xfdL ;w} cfGbf]ng u/]/ b]znfO{ nfdf] ;do;Dd c:tJo:t kf/L/fVg
;Qm}g . nf]stGqdf /fhg}lts bafa lbg'k5{, lbg' x“'b}g eGg vf]h]sf] xf]Og .
t/ slxn], sxf“, s;n] / s] sf] nflu, cfGbf]ng ug{] xf] To;sf] clu|d ;"rgf
t hgtfnfO{ lbg'k¥of] lg < rfx] g]tf xf]; jf a'l4hLlj ljgf s'g} klbo ef/
/ s'g} klg lhDd]jf/L gaf]sL vfnL ;lhnf] cfnf]rgf / lj/f]wsf efif0fdfq
u/]/ x'“b}g . cfGbf]ngsf] klg cfºg} /0fgLlt x'g'k5{, xr'jfsf] e/df lj/f]]w

u/]/ ;w} hgtfnfO{ b'Mv lbg kfO“b}g . jfbljjfb sxf“ x'“b}g, ;a} 7fp“df x'G5
. ha xfdLn] ljutsf lbgx?df cK7\of/f] /fhg}lts d'2fnfO{ ;d]t
zflGtjftf{af6 ;'NemfO;Sof}+ eg] ca tkzLnsf ;d:ofx?nfO{ zflGtsf]
k|lqmofaf6 ;dfwfg ug{ ;lsb}g / <

;w}+ /fHonfO{ dfq ;/fk]/ b]z kf/ nfUb}g . dnfO{ nfU5 ;w}+
clwsf/dfq pkef]u u/]/ lhGbuL k|ultzLn / ;Dj[4zfnL aGb}g . uGtJodf
k'Ug clwsf/ dfqn] k'Ub}g, st{Jo klg kfngf ug{'k5{ . vfnL clwsf/sf]
df]ntf]n t sdhf]/x?sf] em'08df dfq x'G5, sd{zLn ;dfhdf t, st{Josf]
t]n ljgf ljsf;sf] /]n rNb}g . xfdLn] JolQmut, k]zfut, hfltut / bnut
xsxLtsf af/]df w]/} s'/f ul/;Sof}, ca gof“ g]kfn agfpg] xf] eg] /fli6«o
xLtsf] af/]df klg xfdLn] ;f]Rg} k5{ < ;Lldt ;|f]taf6 c;Lldt dfu k'/f
ug{'kg{] b]zdf o:tf] s'g} klg lg0f{o x'b}g h'g ;j{kIfLo / jfbljjfb /lxt x'g
;S5 . ha Ps kIfsf] ;'ljwfn] csf{] kIfnfO{ c;'ljwf k'¥ofpg ;S5 eg]
cfºg} b[i6Lsf]0fn] dfq xfdLn] d"NofÍg ug{'ePg . æc?x?sf] 6fpsf]df h'd|f
b]Vg] t/ cfºgf] 6fpsf]df xflQ gb]Vg]Æ dgl:yltaf6 xfdLn] cfºgf]
sdLsdhf]/LnfO{ 7Dofpg ;Sb}g / cfºgf] st{'t / st{Josf] k|ltljDj P]gfdf
x]g{ ;Sb}g .

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;f]r
æof] d]/f] lhGbuL xf], cfkm' v'zL af“Rg] d]/f] clwsf/ 5Æ eGb} xfdL
u}x|lhDd]jf/Lk"0f{ tl/sfn] lhGbuL af“Rg kfpb}g . dflg; Pp6f ;fdflhs
k|f0fL xf] . pm ;d"xdf a:g'k5{ / ;fd'bflos lhDd]jf/L u|x0f u/L ljleGg
;d:ofx?l;t l;“uf}/L v]Nb} af“Rg hfGg'k5{ . oxL xf] dflg;sf] cy{k"0f{ lhGbuL
. d]/f] ljrf/df Pp6f dfG5]n] cfºgf] st{Jo kfngf ug{sf] lgldQ 7"n–7"nf]
Tofu / tk:of ug{'kb{}g, w]/} kl;gf klg r'xfpg' kb{g} . w]/} k};f vr{
gul/sg klg xfdLn] y'k|} st{Jox? Kffngf ug{ ;lsG5 . ;Demf}tfsf] of]
cGtxLg kl/Iffdf Psrf]6L xfdL cfºgf] st{Jo kfngf u/L x]/f} t, clg yfxf
x'G5, xfd|f] of] ;dfh / b]z slt /fd|f] eP/ cfp5 .

jf:tjdf xfdLn] JolQmut / ;fd"lxs ?kaf6 ljsf; gu/]sf] xf]Og,

t/ æof] ePg / Tof] ePgÆ sf] cd"t{ dgf]j}1flgs dfgl;stfsf] afbn leq

xfdL x/fof}+ . e'ne'n}ofsf] of] n'sfdf/L v]ndf olb xfdLn] æbf]ifL sf] xf] tÆ
egL cfkm'n] cfkm}nfO{ b;j6f k|ltk|Zgx? Dffq Uf¥of] eg], bf]ifL t 3'dLlkm/L
xfdL cfkm} kf] x'“bf]/x]5f}+ . Pp6f l5d]sLn], k;n]n], u|fxsn], rfnsn], a6'jfn],
sd{rf/Ln], ljBfyL{n], lzIfsn], lrlsT;sn], /+usdL{n], kqsf/n], k|x/Ln],
;dfh;]jLn], g]tfn] jf sfo{stf{n] cf–cfºg} If]qaf6 h] hlt ug{ ;lsG5
Toltdfq st{Jo kfngf u/]/ klg xfdLn] of] ;dfhnfO{ a:g of]Uo agfpg
;S5f}+ . Psrf]6L /fHonfO{ xfdLn] s]xL lbpm, clg x]/f}+, /fHon] xfdLnfO{ s]
lbG5 <

oxL efjgfaf6 clek|]l/t eO d}n] em08} !!& j6f hlt ;fgfltgf

st{Josf a'“bfx? ;d]6]/ æst{Jo af]w cleofgÆ sf] Pp6f ;fgf] k'l:tsf 5fk]/
lgz'Ns ljt/0f ug{] ljrf/ ul//x]sf] lyP . Ps lbg d]/f] e]6 Pshgf cToGt
;sf/fTds ;f]r /fVg] / ;f]rnfO{ ;fsf/ kfg{ vf]Hg] Pp6f o'jf lgd{n
yfkfl;t eof] . pxf“l;t d}n] …st{Jo af]wsf] cleofgÚ sfo{qmdaf/] 5nkmn
u/“] . lgd{nn] d]/f] k|:tfjnfO{ tTsfn} ;dy{g u/] / rf}w, kGw| hgf cfºgf
pT;flxt ;fyLx?nfO{ klg ;xeflu u/fpg] dg;fo hfx]/ klg u/] . s]xL

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;f]r
lbgd} xfdL ;a}n] Ps jif{sf] nflu …st{Jo af]w cleofgÚ sfo{qmd ;~rfng
ug{] lg0f{o u¥of}+ . dnfO{ nfU5 clxn] xfdLn] cfºgf] gfsd'lgsf ;d:ofx?dfq
;'Nemfpg ;Sof] eg] klg ;dfhnfO{ a:g nfossf] agfpg ;lsG5 . b]zdf
zflGt gx'g', /fhg}lts ;Ghfndf km:g', /fi6« ljsf; gx'g', clg 3'ldlkm/L
ToxL ;d:ofx?df clNemg', oxL xf] xfd|f] sdhf]/L . …;f]rÚ sf] gjf}+
;+:s/0faf6 k|fKt x'g] s]xL nfef+z d}n] o; …st{Jo af]w cleofgÚ df nufpg
kfpg' / ;dfhnfO{ ;xL lrGtgsf] af]w u/fO{ cfºgf] st{Jok|lt emsemsfpg]
oL ;sf/fTds ;f]r af]s]sf o'jfx?;“u} ldn]/ sfd ug{ kfpg' d]/f] nflu 7"nf]
v'zLsf] s'/f xf] . .
…;f]rÚ sf] of] gjf}“ ;+:s/0fdf d}n] clxn];Dd k|fKt u/]sf ;a}
kf7sx?sf] k|ltlqmof / kqx? ;dfj]z u/]sf] 5' . s'g} kq b'O rf/ nfOgsf
efjk"0f{ cleJolQmx? 5g\ eg] s'g} s'g} aL;b]lv kRrL; k]h;Ddsf] nfdf]
lr7Lx? klg 5, Tof] klg x:tlnlvt . d]/f] nflu oL ;a} Dffof, Kof/ /
k|z;
+ fsf] kf]sf] x'g . lbn vf]n]/ n]lvPsf tL kqx? k9]/ d h:tf] ;fwf/0f
dfG5] v'zL gx'g] t s'\/} ePg . oBkL s]xL o'jfju{x?n] h;/L dnfO{ Ps
ls;Ldsf] /f]n df]8n agfpg vf]lh/x]sf 5g, Tof] b]lv d cln 8/fO/x]sf] 5'
. pgLx?n] lbPsf] Tof] ;DdfgnfO{ d}n] ;xh ?kdf :jLsfg{ ;ls/x]sf] 5}g .
rrf{sf] r'r'/f]df k'Ug ;a}nfO{ /x/ x'G5 t/ dnfO{ yfxf 5 Toxf“ k'Ug, a:g /
l6Sg Tolt ;lhnf] x'“b}g . ;Ddfgsf tL prfO{ b]v]/ dnfO{ l/Ëtf nfU5 .
lxdfn r9\g ;lhnf] 5 t/ 6'Kkf]df al;/xg ufx|f] 5 . Toxf“ ;w}+ xfjf / x'/L
nfU5 .
clwsf+z kf7sx?n] dnfO{ lrg]sf] klg 5}g / b]v]sf] klg 5}g .
vfnL lstfj k9]/ pxf“x?n] dnfO{ olt OHht lbg'eof] . slxn]sfxL+ dnfO{
nfU5 s] d o;sf] nflu g}ltsjfg 5', cfbz{jfg 5' < lhGbuLdf hfg]/ jf
ghfg]/, rfx]/ jf grfx]/, d}n] w]/} e'nx? u/]sf] 5', s;}–s;}nfO{ lrQ klg
b'vfPsf] 5' . To;}n] dnfO{ k|z+;f ul/ k7fPsf tL lr¶Lkqx?, rfx“bf rfx“b}
klg d}n] …;f]rÚ sf] klxn]sf] c+sx?df 5fKg] cf“6 ug{ ;lsg . kl5 ljrf/ u/],
;+;f/df sf] g} To:tf] JolQm 5 hf] ;t\k|ltzt cfbz{jfg 5g\, g}ltsjfg 5g\

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;f]r
. d h:tf] ;fwf/0f dflg;sf] t s'/} 5f]8f+}, 7"Nf–7"nf cfbz{jfg JolQmx?n]
klg slxn]sfxL+ cjZo e'nx? u/]sf] xf]nfg\ . g]x?b]lv g]N;g dG8]nf;Dd,
ln+sgb]lv n]lng;Dd, dxfTdf ufGwLb]lv dfpl;t'ª;Dd ;a} dxfg
JolQmx?sf] cfTdsyfx? olb lgofn]/ k9\of] eg] slx“ g slx“ pgLx?n] klg
e'n / cGofo u/]sf] xfdL kfp5f}+ . tL dxfg JolQmx?sf] cGt/s'Gt/ dgleq
klg y'k|} sdLsdhf]/Lx? gxf]nfg eGg ;lsGg . d t s'g 8\ofªsf] d"nf xf] /
< To;}n] …;f]rÚ sf] of] gjf}+ ;+:s/0fdf kf7sx?sf] dfof / >4fnfO{ gn'sfO
d}n] tL ;a} lr7L / Od]nx? æh:tf] n]v]/ k7fPsf] 5 To:t}Æ 5flklbPsf] 5' .
eG5g\ ;+;f/sf] jfo'd08n t/+u} t/+un] el/Psf] 5 . awfO{sf tL cb[Zo
t/+ux?df cfzLjf{bsf] zlQm Nf'ls/fv]sf] x'Gf;S5 . o;n] dflg;nfO{ k|ToIf
jf ck|ToIf ?kn] kmfObf k'¥ofO/fv]sf] x'g ;S5 . st} tL d]/f
z'elrGtsx?sf] dfof cfTdLo / cfzLjf{bsf sf/0fn] d tfKn]h'ª\df ePsf]
x]lnsK6/ b"3{6gfaf6 ar]sf] t xf]Og < s;n] s] eGg ;S5 <
d}n] …;f]rÚ lstfj n]v]sf] em08} tLg jif{ x'gnfUof] . of] 5f]6f] ;do leq
g]kfndf Pp6f cfd"n /fhg}lts kl/jt{g cfO;s]sf] 5 . of] gof“ kl/l:yltdf
gof“ dgl:yltsf] hfu/0f x'g' :jefljs xf] . dgl:ylt ;w}+ Tolx+ g} /lx/xg'
k5{ eGg] cfjZostf x“'b}g / /x“b}g klg lsgeg] ef}lts jftfj/0fn]
dgl:yltnfO{ ;w+} lgb{]lzt ul//x]sf] x'G5 . cflv/ kl/jt{g /fd|} kl/0ffdsf]
nflu lgb{]z x'G5 / x'g'k5{ . g]kfnsf] oxL k"0f{ nf]stflGqs hgefjgf cg'?k
l;lh{t zfZjt ;TonfO{ x[bo+ud ub{} …;f]rÚ sf] of] gjf}+ ;+:s/0fdf d}n] s]xL
;do ;fk]If ;fGble{s kl/jt{g u/]sf] 5' . e"nr's dfkm ug{'xf]nf . cGtdf
…;f]rÚ lstfjsf] o; gjf}+ ;+:s/0f k|sfzgsf] nflu ;xof]u ug{] d]/f ;xof]uL
o1/Tg zfSo / ;Gb]z k|hfkltnfO{ xflb{s wGojfb klg lbg rfxG5' .

s0f{ zfSo
@)^#
@)^#÷!@
÷!@÷!#

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;f]r
Gf;f]r]sf] ;f]r
/x/} /x/df n]Vf]sf] of] k':ts ljdf]rgsf] tLg xKtfleq g} km]l/ csf{]
;+:s/0f 5fKg' knf{ eg]/ d}n] slxn] ;f]r]sf] lyOg“ . lstfa o;/L rfF+8} laqmL
x'g'df ;fob b'Oj6f s'/f x'g ;S5 . oft b]zsf] ljBdfg /fhgLlts,
;fdflhs / hh{/ cfly{s cj:yfsf] sf/0faf6 cfd g]kfnLsf] dgl:yltdf
xLgtfaf]w / n3'tfef;sf] hlGh/n] g/fd|/L hsl8Psf] x'bf vf; ul/ o'jf
ju{df Pp6f cf;sf] ef]s hfUf]sf]n] x'g ;S5 jf ;fob of] lstfa s'g}
;}4flGts / bfz{lgs ljZn]if0f geO{ Pp6f ;/n Pj+ Jojxfl/s b:tfj]hsf]
?kdf k|:t'tLs/0f u/]sf] sf/0fn] klg x'g ;S5 . Pshgf d]/f] ;fyLn] eGy]
“You know Karna, why this book sells so well, because this is an
autobiography of a person who loves to talk, does what he talks, and
writes what he does .”

sf/0f h:tf];'s} eP klg, d]/f] ljrf/df ljhof bzdLsf] z'e lbgdf

lstfa ahf/df lg:s]sf] x'“bf k9\g]x?sf] hdft al9 ePsf] x'g ;S5 . t/
Tof] eGbf klg dxTjk"0f{ b'uf{gfy zdf{, u'0f/fh n'“O{6]n, hubL; l3ld/] / afn
s[i0f rfkfufO{ h:tf jl/i7 ;dfnf]rs / ;+rf/sdL{x?af6 clt g} ;bf;osf
;fy ;sf/fTds k|ltlqmofx? cfPsf] x'“bf klg of] lstfasf] dxTj a9\g uof]
. ;fy} /fh]z l/dfn, cfjf Pnkm"e", ljZjf; a/fn, z/b k|wfg, /fh]z l3ld/],
s]zj kf}8]n, cAb'Nnfx ldof“ h:tf cToGt lqmofzLn kqsf/x?n] ljleGg
klqsf, 6]lnlehg, Pkm=Pd, /]l8of]x?df lbPsf] ;dLIffTds ljj/0fn] klg
…;f]rÚ nfO{ w]/} sf}t'xnk"0f{ / /f]rs agfO{ lbof] . a'6jnaf6 k|sflzt b}lgs
…hg;+3if{Ú klqsfdf t afns[i0f rfkfufO{+Ho"n] x/]s lbg >[+vnfa4 t/Lsfn]
…;f]rÚ sf] ;Dk'0f{ lstfa g} 5flklg'ePsf] lyof] .

…Ps sfg b'O{ sfg d}bfgÚ eg] h:t} Pp6f kf7sn] csf{] kf7snfO{
l;kmfl/; ug{] qmd j[l4 eof] . x/]s lbg #–$ hgf kf7sju{x?n] …;f]rÚ k9]/
ha cfºgf efjgfx? dnfO{ ;'gfpg yfn], Pp6f sljnfO{ p;sf] sljtf c?n]]

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;f]r
;'Gbf /dfOnf] nfu] h:t} dnfO{ klg cfgGb nfUg yfNof]] . h:tf];'s} n]vs
eP klg, p;sf]] nflu k|z+;fsf b'O{ zAb klg nfvf}+, s/f]8f}+ ?k}of“ sdfPsf]
eGbf a9L dHhf cfpg]]/x]5 . Pshgf afO{; jif]{ o'js e/t l/hfnn] t lr7L
k7fP/ a8f] dfld{s s'/f n]v], ætkfO{sf] lstfa k9\gnfO{ ;do nfu]g, t/
lstfa k9]kl5 ;'TgnfO{ eg] w]/} ;do nfUof] .Æ /f]6/L Snan] cfof]hgf u/]sf]
;u/dfyf cleofgsf] sfo{qmddf d]/f HjfO{ k"0f{dfg zfSon] ^# jifL{o Pp6f
g]kfnL pBf]uklt n'Snfsf] a]; SofDkdf kbofqf u/]sf] b]v]5g\ . o:tf]
a'9];sfndf klg lxdfn r9\g lsg ;f]v nfu]sf] egL ;f]Wbf s0f{ zfSosf]
;f]rn] dnfO{ k|]/0ff lbof] eg]5g\ . WWF sf /fli6«o k|ltlglw 8f= rGb|
u'?ªsf Pshgf gft]bf/n] ;f]r k9]/ cfºgf] 3/df Bed & Breakfast rnfPsf]
s'/f ;'gfpg' eof] . s;/L Pp6f ;fgf] s'/fn] klg ;dfhdf kl/jt{g Nofpg
;Sbf] /x]5 <

Ps lbg x]6f}8fsf jl/i7 ;+uLtsf/ nfn >]i7n] Pp6f r'/f]6df Ps

k};f p7fP h:t} x]6f}+8fs]f p/f7nfUbf] 7fp“df Pp6f ;+uLt ljBfno :yfkgf
ug{ x/]s 3/af6 kf“r, b; ?k}of rGbf ;+sng ug{] cleofgdf ;l/s x'g
dnfO{ lgDtf] u/] . px“fsf] k|ltjWbtf b]v]/ b'O{ lbg leq} d x]6f}+8f k'u] /
px“fsf] cleofgdf ;xefuL klg eP . ToxL a]nf pxf“ / x]6f}+8fsf
a'l4hLjLx?n] d h:tf] Pp6f ;fwf/0f JolQmnfO{ gful/s ;Ddfg ;Dd u/]/
7"nf] OHht lbP . of] eGbf v'zLsf] s'/f s] x'g ;S5 dnfO{ <
slxn] lrgfklr{ gePsf] ljZjjGw' yfkf h:tf jl/i7 JolQmTjn] tLg
rf/ 7fpFdf vf]h]/ dfq d]/f] 6]lnkmf]g kQf nufP“ eGb} ;f]rsf] nflu awfO{
lbg'eof] / em08} cfwf 306f ;Dd s'/f ug{' eof] . olt dfq xf]Og, k'g/fj]bg
cbfnt /fhlj/fhsf GofofwL:f >Ldfg uf}/Laxfb'/ sfsL{Ho'n] t ;f]r
lstfasf] Ps Ps k]h k9]/ PSsfO; k]hsf] cfˆgf efjgfx? lr7Lsf]
dfWodn] dnfO{ cjut u/fpg' eof] . ;fy} sflGtk'/ klqsfdf Pp6f 5'§} n]v
;d]t k|sfzg ug{'eof] . pxf“n] cfkm\gf] lr7Ldf Ps Ps efiffut q'l6x?
s]nfP/, ;RofP/ k7fO{ lbg' eof] . of] goFf ;+:s/0fdf px“Fn] k7fpg' eP

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adf]lhd Jofs/0f ;RofO{Psf] 5 . of] eGbf 7'\"nf] d]/f] lstfasf] nflu c? s]
of]ubfg x'g ;S5 <
Pslbg clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]usf] ;lrjfnojf6 Pp6f

6]lnkmf]g cfPsf] /x]5 . klxn] t d]/f] kL=P= cf]d k|sfz 8/fP/ dnfO{
6]lnkmf]g g} lbPg, kl5 lj:tf/} clVtfof/ b'?kof]usf d'Vo cfo'Qm ;"o{gfy
pkfWofoaf6 6]lnkmf]g cfPsf] s'/f ;'gfP . Psl5g t d klg csdSs k/]+
. jf:tjdf pxf“n] d]/f] lstfa k9]/ awfO{ lbg vf]Hg'ePs]f /x]5 . lstfas}
dfWodjf6 d}n] Pshgf cToGt efj's ;fyL klg agfpg kfP“ . Ps /ft
cGbfhL (M#) jh], æd s[i0fdfg af]n]sf], dnfO{ lrGg' eof] <Æ elg 6]lnkmf]n
ug'{ eof] . d}n] lrGg g;s]kl5 pxf“n] d klxn]] sf7df8f}+sf d]o/ /
k~rfotsfnLg c~rfnfwLz lyP“ eGb} l;/s cf]9]/ cfkm" / cfkm\gL >LdtL
b'a} d]/f] lstfa kl9/x]sf] s'/f ;'gfP . jftf{nfksf] lar}df pxf“sf wd{kTgLn]
chd]/l:yt d]of] :s"n k9\bf d]/f] sfG5L 5f]/Ln] ef/tLo /fli6«o ufg gufPsf]
wf/0ff dgk/]sf] s'/f ;'gfpg'eof] . Tof] /ft ca]/;Dd xfdL s'/f ul//Xof}+ .
ef]lnkN6} pxf“ / pxf“sL >LdtL b'a} d]/f] 3/df lstfadf x:tfIf/ u/fpg
cfpg' eof] . t/ s]xL lbg kl5 s[i0fdfghL x[bo3ftjf6 :juL{o ePsf] b'vb\
;dfrf/n] dnfO{ ;fx|} ddf{xt / :tAw t'Nofof] .

k|ltlqmofs}} qmddf cd]l/sfdf a;f]af; ug]{ dfgGw/ y/sf Ps

JolQmn] …;f]rÚ k':tssf] !# cf}+ kl/R5]b ;Gb{edf /fi6«nfO{ ef/ af]sfP/ /
b]zsf] C0f glt/L sf]xL klg g]kfnL ljb]zdf knfog x'g grfx]sf] t/ slxn]
sf“lx dgnfO{ df/]/ ljb]lzg' kg]{ afWotf ;'gfpg' eof] . bz jif{ klxn]
cd]l/sf uPsf 5f]/fsf] Jofkf/ lju|]/ C0fdf 8'a]kl5 5f]/fnfO{ d2t ug{
g]kfnsf] 3/hUuf ;a} a]r]/ cd]l/sf k'u]sf] s'/f ;'gfpb} pxf“n] dnfO{
k|ltk|Zg ug{' eof]–ætkfO{ o:tf] cj:yfdf s] ug'{ x'GYof] <Æ . x'gt kGw| jif{
klxn] d]/f] bf];|f] ljjfx kZrft cfk;L ;d´bf/Ljf6 d}n] d]/L >LdtLsf]
cd]l/sfsf] lu|g sf8{ nflhDkf6 l:yt cd]l/sL b'tfjf;df kmsf{Psf] lyP“ .
t/ oxf“ ;jfn ;Gtfgsf] p7\of] . dflg;sf nflu ;a}eGbf 7"nf] sdhf]/L /
eg]s} cfkm\gf] ;Gtfg x“'bf]/x]5 . afnaRrfsf] eljiosf] nflu cfdfafa' h]

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;f]r
klg ug{ / ;xg ;Sb]f/x]5 / slxn] sf“xL ug{ gx'g] / dg gnfUg] sfdx?
klg ug{ lxlRsrfpFbf] /x]g5 . dflg;sf] of] st{Jo, afWotf of sdhf]/L – s]
xf] eGg ;lsGg .

ljleGg sf/0fx?sf] afah't d]/f] lstfadf 5's klg nfu]sf] 5 .

cfdfsf] wfld{s ;+:sf/df x's{]sf] x“'bf z'e cz'edf klg cln cln ljZjf;
u5{' . s'g} s'/fsf] 5's nfUg ;'? b]lvg} nIf0f x'g'kbf{] /x]5 . …;f]rÚ sf]

ljdf]rg To:t} kf/fn] eof] . k':tssf] ljdf]rg d}n] To:tf] ljz'4 JolQmsf]
xftjf6 u/fpg rfx+] hf] hLjge/ lg:jfy{ efjn] ;fdflhs sfo{ u/L
cfO{/fv]sf 5g\ . of] OR5f d}n] e}/j l/;fnnfO{ JoQm u/]+ . e}/jhLn] eg]
h:t} Pp6f To:tf] ljz'4 JolQm vf]lhlbg' eof], h;n] hLjge/ afudtLsf]
/fhtLy{df a;]/ s'g} kmnsf] cf; gu/L x/]s lbg cfºgf] c6'6 lg:jfy{
sd{jf6 gbLnfO{ ;kmf ub}{ cfO/x] . Tof] JolQmsf] gfp“ xf] eujfgbf; dfgGw/
. kftnf] hLp8fn, zAbljxLg cf“vfsf efiffaf6 ;Gtf]if JoQm ug]{ clg ;w}+
d';'d';' xf“;]/ st{Jo ub}{ /xg], g pgsf] d'vf/ljGbdf s'g} Sn]z b]lvG5, g
cfsf+Iff, g s'g} /fuå]if g} . Tof] JolQmnfO{ ´\jf§ x]bf{ xd{g x]hsf] ljZj
ljVoft bfz{lgs lstfa æl;4fy{ Æ sf gfos ofb cfpF5 h;n] jf]lw;Tj
k|fKt ug{ hLjge/ cg]s wd{, sd{ / sl7g tk:of u/] t/ clGtddf cfP/
Pp6f ;fwf/0f dfemLsf] hLjgofkg ub}{ gbLdf 8'¨faf6 ofq'x?nfO{ tfbf{tfb{}{
jf]lwTj k|fKt u/] . eujfgbf; dfgGw/ h:tf ljz'4 JolQmaf6 ljdf]rg eP
kl5 …;f]rÚ lstfa s;/L c;kmn x''g;S5 <
lstfa ljdf]rg sfo{qmddf hDdf d+}n] tLg ;ohgfnfO{ lgdGq0ff
u/]sf] lyP“, emG8} b'O{ ;o c;Lhgf cfdlGqt JolQmx? cfpg' eof], Tof] klg
a'9flgns07 h:tf] 6f9f 7fp“df . ljdf]rg h:tf] ;fwf/0f sfo{qmddf
e/Le/fp xn b]v]/ dg ub\ub eof] / dg 9'Ss eof] d}n] ldq?kL wg
sdfPs} /x]5' . sfo{qmd cfof]hgfsf] cleef/f g]kfn ;Dkbf ;+3n] lnPsf]
lyof] . ;f] cj;/df d]/f] kl/jf/n] ;a} lstfa lgMz'Ns ljt/0f ug]{ ;'´fj
lbPsf] lyof] . t/ Tof] k|:tfa dnfO{ lrQ a'´]g . lstfa n]Vg d]/f] d]x]gt
k/]sf] 5 / d]x]gtsf] df]nnfO{ ;Ddfg ug{'k5{ . t;y{ ljdf]rgsf] a]nf

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;f]r
lstfanfO{ kf“r ?k}of“b]lv xhf/ ?k}of“ ;Dddf lsGg kfpg] k|fjwfg /fv]+ .
Tof] a]nf hlt lstfa laqmL eof] Tof] ;Dk"0f{ /sd ;Dkbf ;+3af6 cfof]hgf
ul/g] ;+/If0f sfo{qmddf nufpg] OR5f hfx]/ u/+] .
ljdf]rg sfo{qmddf dnfO{ s'g} dGqL / /fhgLlts JolQmTjx?nfO{
lgDTofpg] OR5f lyPg . vf; u/L dGqLx?jf6 t ljdf]rg u/fpg] sNkgfaf6
dfq klg dnfO{ lat[i0ff x'GYof] . /fhg}lts JolQmx?sf] gfp“df d]/f] dgn]
vfPsf l;km{ rf/ kf“r hgf /fhgLlt1x?nfO{ dfq af]nfP . k|]daxfb'/ zfSo
d]/L >LdtLsf] dfdf ePsf] gftfn], rqmk|;fb af“:tf]nf e|d0f jif{df ;+u} sfd
u/]sf]n], lk=Pn=l;+x / ch'{g g/l;+x s]= ;L= dnfO{ c;fWo dg kg]{ ;fyLx?
ePsf]n], lx/0onfn >]i7 :s"ndf ;+u} k9]sf]n] / s]za :yflkt Pp6f
sd{of]uL JolQmsf] x}l;otn] .
ljdf]rgsf] nflu d}n] kf“r hgf lgisnÍ jQmfx? /f]h]sf] lyP“ .
Pshgf d]/f] afn;vf /fh]Gb|axfb'/ >]i7, h;n] P;=Pn=;L= k/LIffsf]
kmnfdsf] 9f]sf vf]Ng d2t u/]sf lyP . bf];|f] 8f= tLy{axfb'/ >]i7 hf]l;t
d}n] ;+/If0fsf] If]qdf ;“u} sfd u/] . t];|f] e}/j l/;fn, h;n] d]/f] SofG;/
cleofgdf h]nleqaf6 ;d]t rGbf ;+sng u/L ;xof]u u/]sf lyP . rf}yf],
8f= xs{ u'?¨ h;n] cfTdan alnof] x'g] dflg;n] cfºgf k'k{'/f]df s;}sf] gfp“
n]vfpb}g, / sdhf]/ dflg;nfO{ dfq c?sf] ;xf/f rflxG5, :jfledfgL
cfkm\g} Nofut / tfutdf af“R5g\ eGg] kf7 l;sfPsf lyP . / kf“rf}, 8f=
df]xgdfg ;}+h' h;n] d]/f] Pp6f dxTjk"0f{ ;+/If0f kl/of]hgfnfO{ sfof{Gjog
ug{ 7"nf] d2t u/]sf lyP . cf–cfkm\gf If]qsf tL x:tLx?sf] z'e]R5f k|fKt
lstfa æ;f]rÆ s;/L c;kmn x'g ;S5 < ;f9] b'O{ 306fsf] sfo{qmd z'?b]lv
cGTo;Dd xif{ pNnf;sf] jftfj/0fdf ;+rfng ePsf] lyof] . nIf0f ToxLjf6
z'? eof] / 5's ToxLjf6 nfUof] .
jf:tjdf g]kfnL efiffdf #)) k]hsf] lstfa n]Vg ;s'“nf eg]/ d}n]
;f]r]s} klg lyPg, . dnfO{ o:tf] klg nfUof], ;–;fgf gfgLx?sf] d'vaf6
gkTofpg] kf/fsf kl/kSjtfsf s'/fx? cgfof; k|s6 eP h:t} d]/f] dgleq
klg ;/:jtL k;]/ efjgfsf vf]nfx? aufO{lbPsf] xf] ls eg]/ . :s"ndf k9g]

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a]nf bz afx| jif{sf] pd]/;Dd t d g]kfnL efiff af]Ng ;lSbgy]+ . a'jfn]
3/sf] kl/jf/nfO{ g]kfnL efiff l;sfpg kj{t] s]6fx?nfO{ 3/df sfd nufpg'
x'GYof] . sfd ug]{x? g]jf/L l;s]/ hfGy] t/ 3/sf kl/jf/n] rf“lx c“ Mx“,
g]kfnL efiff l;Sg ;s]gg\ . d]/f] Pp6L efph' x'g'x'G5, v'a …kj{t] s'/f
ul//xg' kg]{ . 3/df kfx'gfx? cfp“bf s's'/n] kfx'gfnfO{ 6f]Snf eg]/
u]6kfn]nfO{, æP sfG5f, kfx'gfn] s's'/nfO{ 6f]Snf, s's'/ rf“8} ;dftÆ
eGg'x'GYof] . kj{t] efiffsf] To:tf] gfh's cj:yf lyof] d]/f] 3/df .
To:t} xfnt d]/f] cu|]hL efiffsf] klg lyof] . P;= Pn= ;L kf;
ePkl5 sn]hdf cfO= P:;L= k9\g hfbf ;]G6 h]leo;{af6 kf; u/]sf s'df/
v8\uljj|md zfx, Hof]lt k|wfg, ef/tbQ sf]O{/fnf, ljBfdfg zfSox? km///
cu|]hL af]ln/x“bf d nf6f]n] kfkf x]/h
] :t} x]l//xGy] . s]6Lx? klg cu|]hL
af]Ng]x?l;t dl:sGy] . dgdf v'a hf]; lyof] cu|]hL l;Sg, clg t s] lyof],
jfy?ddf klg af}nfxf h:t} æo; Dofg 6' Yjf;, Yjf; Dofg 6' Jjf;Æ eGb}
hyfefjL cu|]hL kmtkmtfO /xGy] . Tof] ;do ;fob d]/f] gof“ cfsf“Iff /
;kgf knfpg] t/v/df lyof] . cfºgf] cw'/f] ;kgf ;fsf/ ug{ d}n] elthf
of]u]Gb|nfO{ c+u|]hL af]l8{ª :s"ndf egf{ ug]{ lgwf] u/] . kGw| jif{sf] slnnf]
pd]/df d elthfnfO{ lnP/ kf6gsf] ;]G6 h]leo;{df k'u] . 6'6] k'm6]sf] cu|]hL
af]Nb} :s"nsf lk|lG;knnfO{ elthf egf{ u/fpg cg'/f]w u/] . x]b}{df 8/nfUbf
;f9] ^ k'm6 cUnf] uf]/f] kmfb/ df]/]g sfnf] ufpg nufP/ sf]7fjLr 7"nf]
6]j'ndf kmfO{n} kmfOn /fv]/ sfd ul//fv]sf lyP . kfn]nfO{ 5n]/ s;/L xfdL
Toxf“ k'Uof}+, dnfO{ ofb 5}g . sf]7fleq k'u]/ d}n] kmfb/nfO{ ;Djf]wg u/] .
rZdf gfsdf c8\ofP/ lgx'l/b} "Yes, What is it?" eg]/ ;f]w] . cj s] eg“',
s] eg“' . xtf/ xtf/ d}n] eg] "Father, my brother, admission in one class".
c+u|]hLdf kmfb/n] dnfO{ s] eGof], d}n] k6s} a'lemg . ;fob egf{ kmf/fd e/]/
Nofpm eg]sf] lyof] ls < egf{ s;/L ug'{k5{, dnfO{ yfx} lyPg . t}klg kmfb/
df]/]gsf] dfof a6'Ng elthfnfO{ æn n afa', 5f]6f ;f 3/ xf]uf, jfbnf] s]
;fdg] eGg] uLt ufP/ gf“lrb]p tÆ eg] . elthf klg gfRg c;fWo l;kfn',
t'?Gt} gflrxfn] . kGw| jif]{] cleefjssf] cfˆgf] elthf egf{ u/fpg] tLa|
OR5f / lxl; k/]sf] aRRff 5d5d\ gfr]sf] b]v]/ j"9f] c+u|]hn] d]/f] elthfnfO{

xiv
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:s"ndf egf{ ul/lbP . ;fob d]/f] lhGbuLdf ToxL a]nf b]lv s]xL sfd ug]{
rfxf / To;nfO{ sfo{Gjog ug]{ h'emf?kg ;'? eof] .

lhGbuLsf oL lemgf dl;gf 36gfx?nfO{ xfdL ;lhn} lal;G5f{} . t/

TfL cy{xLg eP/ klg dxTjk"0f{ x'G5g\ . Pstfsf g]kfn jfg 6]lnlehgsf
s'df/ nfld5fg]n] æ;kmntfsf] hLjg–Ps lbg pxf“;u“ Æ sfo{qmd 5f“ofsg
ug]{ qmddf p;n] ;Ddf]lxt -lxKgf6tfOl;h_ u/] h:t} d]/f] afNosfnsf
k'/fgf kfgfx?nfO{ kN6fPsf lyP . ;fgf] 5“bf j'afn] lbPsf] kf“r k};fsf] xn'jf
lsg]/ vf“bf lrKnf] xn'jf d'vdf /fVgf ;fy Ps}rf]l6 ;'n'Q 3f“6Lleq k:g]
ePsf]n] Ps}rf]6L gvfO{sg xl/of] ;fnsf] kftdf xn'jfnfO{ a]/]/ Kjfn af6
cln cln ul/ r';]/ nfdf] ;do;Dd :jfb lnO{ vfg] / :s"ndf k9g] a]nf
cUnf]] / x§fs§f s]6fx?nfO{ t;f{pg To; a]nfsf 7lx6Lsf k|Voft ;fGrf
kxndfg d]/f] sfsf xf] eg]/ Wjf“; lbg] u/]sf] /dfOnf s'/fx? d]/f] …;f]rÚ
lstfasf] gof“ ;+s/0fdf yKg'kg]{ ;Nnfx s'df/n] lbPsf lyP .
;f]r lstfasf] sf/0faf6 d}n] g;f]r]sf] w]/} s'/fx? eP . Ps
laxfg kf7 k"hf u/]/ d cvjf/ k9\b} lrof vfg s] a:g nfu]sf] lyP, d]/f]
clkm;af6 au}+rfdf ;'Gg] ul/ 6]lnkmf]gsf] 306L aHg yfNof] . klxn] t jf:tf
ul/g . olt laxfg}b]lv 6]lnkmf]g u/]/ l8:6e{ u/]sf] b]v]/ cln l/; klg p7\of]
. 306L ah]sf] aHo} u¥of] . cflv/ tLg rf]6Lsf] 306L kZrft d bf}8]/
clkm;df 6]lnkmf]g p7fp“g uP . 8f kfly{j]Zj/ ltldlN;gfsf] 6]lnkmf]g /x]5 .

æcf]xf] zfSohL, tkfO{nfO{ t 6]lnkmf]g ug{ slt uf¥xf]Æ ;w}+ em} xf“;]/
8f=ltldlN;gfn] dnfO{ eGg'eof]] . px“fsf] Pp6f afgL dnfO{ c;fWo} dgk5{,
px“f ;w}+ xfFl;/xg' x'G5 . x/]s s'/f ;sf/fTds tl/sfn] af]Ng' x'G5 / s'g}
/fd|f] sfd ug{] of]hgf cufl8 /fVof] eg] n u/f}+ egL tlD;xfNg' x'G5 .
kmf]gaf6 px“fn] eGg'eof]], æzfSohL lxhf] tkfO{nfO{ vf]h]sf] lyP“, ;;'/fnL
uof] eGof], Tox“f klg kmf]g u/], ev{/ aflx/ hfg' eof] eGof] .Æ dnfO{ cln
cfZro{ / lr;f] klg nfUof] , lsg ;;'/fnL;Dd vf]Hg' ePsf] xf]nf eg]/ .

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;f]r
klxn] t eG7fg] ;fob d]/f] lstfaaf/] cfˆgf] k|ltlqmof hgfpg
vf]h]sf] xf]nf . t/ ;;'/fnL;Dd kmf]g u/]/ k|ltlqmof hgfpg' kg{] cfjZostf
t lyPg . d]/f] lh1f;f a9\g yfNof]], æc“ ;'Gg''; g, pQd s'j“ / zflGt k'/:sf/
;ldltn] @)^! ;fnsf] k'/:sf/ tkfO{nfO{ lbg] egL lg0f{o u/]sf] 5Æ, px“fn]
Ps} :j/df eGg'eof] . d csdSs k/] . s] af]Ng] s] gaf]Ng] yfx} ePg .
px“Fn] km]l/ eGg'eof], ælstfa a9L laqmL ePsf] x'b“ f nf]slk|otfsf] cfwf/df
o;kfnLsf] k'/:sf/ tkfO{nfO{ lbg vf]h]sf] xf] .Æ d}n] px“fnfO{ cg'/f]w u/]
æ8f= ;fx]a, d ;flxTosf/} xf]Og, g t s'g} l;4x:t n]vs, d pQd zflGt
h:tf] /fli6«o k'/:sf/ nfO{ s;/L u|x0f ug{ ;sf}nf, s] d of] k'/:sf/sf] nflu
nfos 5“' / < pxf“n] x“F;]/ dnfO{ eGg'eof] –æzfSohL, o;sf] d"NofÍg
tkfO{n] ug{] xf]Og, hgtfn] ug{] xf] .Æ

;“fRr} eGg] xf] eg] dnfO{ bf];Nnf cf]9\g] / ;Ddfgsf] sfo{qmddf

efu lng c;fWo} dgkb{}g . Pslbg dbgdl0f bLlIftHo" / pxf“sL wd{kTgL
d]/f] 3/df cfpg'eof] . nfdf] enfs';f/L kl5 dgleq n'ls/fv]sf eflifs
n3'tfef; / c1fgtfsf] s'/f r'xfP“ . pxF“n] eGg'eof], æx]g{; ' s0f{hL, h'g
n]vn] nf]ssf] dg 5'G5 ToxL“ ;flxTo xf] .Æ pxf“sf] ;flxTosf] kl/efiff dnfO{
lrQ a'em\of] .
kl5 d}n] pQd zflGt k'/:sf/ u|x0f ug{] ;fx; u/] . jf:tjdf d]/f]
g]kfnL n]Vfgdf :juL{o pQd s'j“/n] 7"nf] e"ldsf v]Ng'ePsf] lyof] . To;a]nf
xfdL b]x/fb'gdf jg lj1fg k9\b} lyof+} . uf]/f], lx:;L k/]sf] ufnfdf Pp6f
sfnf] ltn / clt ;'lsnf] ;'6 nufP/ pQd s'“j/ xfd|f] sn]hdf g]kfnL
ljBfyL{nfO{ e]6\g cfpg'ePsf] lyof] . d / d]/f ;xkf7Lx? x]dGt ld>, s[i0f
axfb'/ >]i7 / :juL{o >Llgjf; vgfn ;“u} b'O{ lbg;Dd pQd s'j“ / xfd|}
xf]:6]ndf a:g'eof] . pxf“ b]x/fb'gdf k|jf;L g]kfnL ;flxTosf] vf]h ug{
cfpg'ePsf] lyof] . ^ jif{ kl5 pQd s'j“ /n] 8f]Nkf ;DjGwL d]/f] Pp6f c+u|]hL
n]v k9g' ePsf] /x]5 . 6]lnkmf]g u/]/ pxf“n] dnfO{ ;f] n]v g]kfnLdf n]Vg
pTk|]l/t u/fpg' ePsf] lyof] / kl5 d}n] n]v]+ klg . æz] u'Dafsf h¨nL
e]8fx?Æ Gffds ;f] n]v pxF“n] g} ;Dkfbg ul/g] ?k/]vf klqsfdf 5flkof] .
of] d]/f] lhGbuLsf] ;a}eGbf klxnf] g]kfnL n]v lyof] . of] s:tf] ;+of]u, h'g

xvi
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;f]r
JolQmn] dnfO{ g]kfnL n]v n]Vg 3R3rfof], cfh ToxL JolQmsf] ;Demgfdf
:yflkt æpQd–zflGt k'/:sf/Æ d]/f] lhGbuLsf] klxnf] g]kfnL k':tsn] k|fKt
ug{ ;Ifd eof] .
pQd–zflGt k'/:sf/ u|x0f ug{ d af/ P;f]l;o;gsf] ;efsIfdf k'u+]
. xndf pkl:yt lbUuh ;flxlTos JolQmx?sf] gfd d}n] cjZo ;'g]sf] xf]nf,
t/ d s;}nfO{ lrlGbgy] . Pshgf cwj}+;] JolQmn] dnfO{ ;f]w], æcfhsf]
k'/:sf/ kfpg] JolQm tkfO{ g} xf] .Æ d}n] d';'Ss xf“;]/ s]xL hjfkm lbOg“ .
stf stf dnfO{ nfUof], TfL JolQmnfO{ d}n] kfPsf] k'/:sf/df vf; ;Gt'li6
lyPg . kl5 æg]kfn ;fKtflxsÆ df hubLz l3dL/]Ho"n] n]Vg'ePsf] :tDe
kl9;s]kl5 Tof] d]/f] b'lawf 5n{ª\u eof] . l3ld/]Ho" sfo{qmddf cfpg] a]nf
Pshgf ;flxTosf/nfO{ ;a} cfpg] a]nf lsg kms{g nfUg' eof] eg]/ ;f]Wg'
ePsf] /x]5 .=pQ/df pgn] d'v laufb{} l3ld/]Ho"nfO{ eg]sf /x]5g, æo:tf]
;df/f]xdf s] a:g' hxf“ cfof]hssf], n]vssf], ;Dk"0f{ pkl:yt ;flxTo
k|]dLx?sf] dfq xf]Og, :jod\ ;/:jtLsf] klg ckdfg x'G5 .Æ
;flxlTos ;dfh klg a8f] uhasf] x“'bf] /x]5 . d sn]hdf k9\bf
d]/f] Pp6f slj ldq lyof] . pl;t ;w}+ d]/f] jfbljjfb rNg] uYof]{ . p;n]
Pp6f xNn]sf] kftdf g} kRrL; k]hsf] sljtf n]Vg ;SYof] / cfFvf lrDn]/
cfsif{s kf/fn] sljtf jfrg uYof{] . t/ p;sf] sljtf d}n] slxn] a'‰\g
;lsg . d}n] p;sf]] sljtfaf/] Pshgf /fli6«o sljnfO{ klg ;f]w], pxf“n]

hjfkm lbg'eof], ædnfO{ klg ;fx|} ufx|f] 5 pxf“sf] sljtf a'‰\g .Æ

æltd|f] sljtf t s:tf] a'em\g ufx|f] of/Æ eg]/ ;f]Wbf pgL rflxg]
eGbf a9L uDeL/ eP/ t];f]{ gh/n] x]b{} ulx/f] cfjfhaf6 eGy], æhLjgsf]
/;:jfbg ug{ ;flxTosf] dd{nfO{ a'em\g'k5{, a'lem;\ .Æ p;sf] s'/f ;'g]/ dnfO{
Pshgf kl08t egf} jf wisest fool sf] s'/f ofb cfp“5, h;n] 8'¨faf6 vf]nf
tg{] a]nf zf:q gk9]sf] sf/0fn] dfemLnfO{ 1fg ljgfsf] lhGbuL d/0ft'No
x'G5 egL xkf5{ . s]xL l5gkl5 ha vf]nfdf af9L cfP/, 8'¨f a]:;/L xlNnG5
clg kl08tn] kf}8L v]Ng ghfg]sf] yfxf kfPkl5 To; dfemLn] pgnfO{ eG5,
æltd|f] lhGbuL d/0ft'No xf]Og, ltdL t clxn]g} db{5} f} .Æ

xvii
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af/ P;f]l;o;g xn leq ;flxTosf/x?sf] x'nd'ndf dnfO{ c;fWo}}
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efif0f ug{] tL jl/i7 ;flxTosf/ / n]vsx?sf] cufl8 . bz afx| jif{sf] pd]/
;Dd t g]kfnL efiff af]Ng}, ghfGg], æ6Æ / ætÆ, æ8Æ / æbÆ ;Dd klg /fd|f]
pRr/0f ug{ g;Sg], x|:j / bL3{sf] s'g} 1fg gx'g] / bzj6f jfSo n]Vof] eg]
kGw| j6f eGbf al9 e"n ug{,] To:tf] sf]/f dfG5]n] cfh s;/L To:tf jl/i7
;flxTosf/x?sf] cufl8 af]Ng] < x'g t y'k|} /fli6«o Pj cGt/f{li6«o ;ef
;Dd]ngx?df efu lnPsf] 5', lgw{Ss af]n]sf] 5', t/ cfh tL
;flxTosf/x?sf] cufl8 s] af]Ng] s] gaf]Ng], dnfO{ s'g} ljrf/} cfPg .
t/ d}n] lgZro u/+] cfh oL ;flxTosf/x?sf] dg lht]/} hfG5' . d}n]
;'g]sf] lyP“ s]xL n]vs, slj / ;flxTosf/x? ;GsL x'G5g /] / clncln
3d08L klg . d}n] pxf“x?sf] dg lhTg] tl/sf ;f]r] . 6]a'ndf x]/] Toxf“
lkpg] kfgLsf] Joj:yf /x]g5 . d}n] d]/f] ;fyL /fh]Gb| ;'jfnnfO{ sfgdf
v';'Ss Ps af]tn ldg/n jf6/ lsg]/ Nofpg cfu|x u/] . ;ef ;'? eof] .
slj dGh'nn] d]/f] lstfasf] ;dLIffTds l6Kk0fL u/] . pgn] d]/f] lstfa Ps
Ps k[i7 lgofn]/ k9]sf /x]5g\ . a9L v'zL dnfO{ To;}df nfUof] . k'/:sf/
u|x0f ug{] qmddf d]/f] af]Ng] kfnf] cfof] . ;a}eGbf klxn] df]xg sf]O{/fnf,
sdndl0f bLlIftx?nfO{ cfb/ ;Ddfg ub{} d'w{Go ;flxTosf/x? cufl8 cfkm"
8/fPsf], v'§f sfd]sf], d'v ;'s]sf] To;}n] kfgLsf] af]tn} lnP/ cfPsf] s'/f
d}n] ;'gfP . df]xg sf]O{/fnf d]/f] 7Ls cufl8 a:g'ePsf] lyof] . pxfF d';'Ss
xfF:g'eof] . sdndl0f bLlIft ;w} em} bf];|f] bL3{fsf] s'gfdf a:g' ePsf] lyof] .

px“F klg d';'Ss xfF:g' eof] . tfl/km t ;a}nfO{ g} dgkg{] /x]5 . 8/fO{ –8/fO{
af]Nbf af]Nb} d}n] t Ps 306feGbf a9L af]ln;s]sf] /x]5' . d]/f] ldq
/fh]Gb|axfb'/ >]i7 sdndl0f bLlIft ;Fu} a;]sf /x]5g\ . sdndl0f lblIftn]
/fh]Gb|nfO{ eGg' eP5, æ@) ldg]6 eGbf a9L nfdf] efif0f d ;'Gg ;lSbg t/
cfh s0f{sf] Ps 306] efif0f d}n] ;'lglbP“ .Æ

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d]/f] efif0fsf] clGtd If0fdf d}n] pQd s'Fj/nfO{ ;Dem] . Tof] If0fdf
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s'Fj/sf] cfTdfsf] pkl:yltnfO{ dx;''; u/] . d';'Ss xfF;]/ cln eSes] :j/df
dnfO{ pxfFn] lbg'ePsf]] awfO{sf r'krfk cfjfh ;'g] . ;ef kZrft pQd
s'j“ /sf alxgL, efO{ / kl/jf/sf ;a} ;b:on] dnfO{ xft ;dft]/ eg],
æcfhsf] sfo{qmd ;“fRr} w]/} /dfO{nf] eof] .Æ

pQd zflGt k'/:sf/ t kfP“ t/ clxn];Dd dnfO{ nflu/x]5 s] of]

k'/:sf/ kfp“g d ;f“Rr} nfos x'“ t < d}n] cem} klg cfkm"nfO{ ;flxTosf/ t
s] n]vs klg 7fg]sf] 5}g . d n]vs x'“ eGg] cx+sf/, cledfg jf uj{ s]xL
klg 5}g d;“u . jf:tjdf ;f]rsf] klxnf] kf08'lnkL tof/ eO;s] kl5 d}n]
Ps hgf ;flxTosf/nfO{ ;f]w]sf] lyP . pxf“n] ;;{tL{{ x]/]/ of] lstfa xf] jf
8fo/L xf] egL l6Kk0fL ug{'eof] . kl5 kl/jf/sf ;b:ox?n] cfkm} k':ts 5fKg]
;Nnfx lbPkl5 dfq 5fk]sf] lyP“ d}n] of] …;f]rÚ lstfa . klxnf] ;+:s/0fsf
;a} lstfax? ljqmL eO;s] kl5 t'?Gt} bf];|f] ;+:s/0f 5fKg d afWo eP .
x/]s rf]l6 lstfa 5fKg] a]nfdf csf{] kfln t cjZo klg Pp6f dGtJosf
;fy Jofs/0f z'4 ug{ nufp5' eGg] nfu]sf] lyof] . lstfa o;/L rfF8} laqmL
eof], c? n]Vg], yKg] / sltko e"n;'wf/ ug{ ;d]t klg ;do kfOg“ .
lstfa k;nx?af6 x/]s lbg lstfa rflxof] / k7fO{ lbg' elg jf/Daf/
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. ;do klg ePg / k'/fg} lstfa 5fKbf ;:tf] x'g] ePsf]n] bf];|f] ;+:s/0f
kl5 t];|f], t];|f] kl5 rf}yf] ubf{ ub{} kf“rj6f ;+:s/0f 5flkof] .

o;kfln of] 5}7f}+ ;+:s/0fdf æ;f]rÆlstfa k9]/ ljleGg kf7sx?n]

dnfO{ k7fPsf lh1fzf, k|ltls|of / ;dfnf]rgfx?sf] s]xL c+z klg /fv]/
5fk]sf] 5' . h'g lr7Lx? d}n] k|fKt u/], w]/} h;f] cToGt efjgfTds 5g\ .
kf7s ju{n] k7fPsf ;a} lr7Lx? / pxFfx?n] 6]lnkmf]g dfkm{t dl;t s'/f
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rfxGy]+ . t/ dgdf nfUof] km]l/ c?Nf] s] eGnfg\ . s:tf] k|z+;fsf] e]fsf]
eGnfg\ eGg] 8/ . Tf}klg b'O rf/ hgf n]vs ;fyLx? ;“u kf7sx?sf]

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eP b'O{ rf/ j6fsf] s]xL c+zdfq /fVg'; eg]/ ;Nnfx lbg'eof] . t/ dnfO{
lrQ} a'em]g . cfkm"n] kfPsf] dfof / k|z+;f d]/f] nflu 7"nf] wg xf], To;nfO{
d}n] lsg n'sfpg] < dnfO{ k7fPsf ;a} kqx? olt /fd|/L n]lvPsf 5g\ ls
d}n] To;nfO{ 5“f6sF“6 ug{ dg} nfu]g / v'Nf:t 5fKg klg cF“6 cfPg . a8f]
bf]wf/df k/] .

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l;lSsdsf] ePsf] xF'bf g]kfnL /fd|/L af]Ng' x'“bf] /x]5 . l/dkf]rn] eGg'eof]]
æh;n] h] h] k7fPsf] 5, Tof] ;a} /fVg' k5{ .Æ pxfFsf] egfO{ lyof], x/]s
dflg;sf awfO{x?df cb[Zo zlQm -Energy) sf t/¨x? n'ls/fv]sf x'G5g\ .
oL Oglh{af6 Pp6f ;sf/fTds t/+u k}bf x'G5, h;n] k|ToIf jf ck|ToIf ?kn]
dflg;nfO{ kmfObf k'¥ofp“5 . l/dkf]r]sf] ljrf/ dnfO{ dg k¥of] .

jf:tjdf of] jfo'd08ndfq xf]Og, ;Dk"0f{ aX|df08g} t/+u} t/+un]

el/Psf] 5 . Wjlg, ls/0f / cg]s t/+usf] sf/0faf6 g} ljgf ef}lts
;'qwf/af6 xfdL ;+;f/ e/ ;Dk"0f{ cfjfh Pj+ >Jo b[Zox? cfbfg k|bfg u5f{}
. dflg;sf] k|fy{gf / cflzjf{bsf] t/+un] /fd|f] x'G5 eGg] s'/fdf xfdLn] lsg
ljZjf; gug{] < æs'NnLÆ gfds l;g]df lgdf{0f x“'bf cldtfe jRrgnfO{ rf]6
nfu]sf] lyof] . pgsf nfvf}n+ fv k|z+;sx?n] k|fy{gf u/] . ;fob Tof] z'e
lrGtgsf] zlQm / t/¨ -energy / vibration) af6 g} cldtfe jRrg lgsf]
ePsf] xf] ls < s] eGg ;lsG5 / < ha s'g} klg JolQm rrf{df k'U5, To:fsf]
JolQmTjdf s]xL g s]xL kl/jt{g x'G5 . s/f]8f}+ dflg;sf] >4]o k|]dsf] sf/0fn]
cw{gUg dxfTdf ufGwL ljZjsf] ;a}eGbf cUnf] JolQmTj x'gk'Uf] . jf:tjdf
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jfbljjfbn] 5'6\6ofpg ;Sb}g .
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d}n] k|fKt u/s]f cflzjf{b / j/bfgnfO{ lsg sd ug{] < ;f] cflzjf{baf6

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