Apollo Monthly Progress Report

Accession No 14205
S I D 62-300 6
AFOLLO MONTHLY PROGRESS REPORT
(U)
NAS9- 1 50
31 August 1962
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aSPO DISTRIBUTION COPY Destroy when no longer in use; Do not return to ASP0 file
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NORTH AMERICAN .AV!PT!C!N, INC.

SPACE and I N F O R M A T I O N SYSTEMS D I V I S I O N
N O R T H A M E R I C A N AVIATION, INC.
SPACE and INFORMATION SYSrE3lS D I \ 7 1 S I C ) \
CONTENTS
Page FLIGHT TECHNOLOGY Wind Tunnel P r o g r a m Aerodynamics Flight Dynamics Performance and Trajectories T h e r m o d y n a m i c s and Systems Analysis Simulation Evaluation and Coordination
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INTEGRATION AND SYSTEM ANALYSIS Configuration Control S y s t e m s Integration T e s t Integration Project Requirements. M a t e r i a l s and- Producibility S t r u c t u r a l Support Command Module. S e r v i c e Module L o a d s and C r i t e r i a
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RELIABILITY S e r v i c e Module Reaction Control S y s t e m (RCS) Q u a r t e r l y Reliability Status Report Qualification- Reliability T e st P l a n Oxygen A t m o s p h e r e Study S u p e r c r i t i c a l G a s Storage System Reliability P r o c e d u r e s and Education Review of Subcontractor Documentation T r a i n i n g and Certification Identification and T r a c e a b i l i t y Quality Evaluation and Audit Design Review Supplier Evaluations , F a b r i c a t i o n Inspection Discrepant I t e m s Inspection Planning Specifications H a r d w a r e Acceptance Testing Results
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SPACE and I N F O R Z I A T I O N SYSrEhlS D I V I S I O N
Page INSTRUMZNTATION Controls and Displays. L o w e r Equipment Bay. Electromagnetic Interference
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. . . TRAINING AND SIMULATION . . . Training Organization and Planning . . . . . . Simulation . SPACECRAFT TEST OPERATIONS . House S p a c e c r a f t . . . . . E a r t h Recovery T e s t s . . Environmental Proof T e s t s . . Spacecraft T e s t P r e p a r a t i o n . Apollo- Saturn Operations . Launch Abort T e s t s . . . . . Data Engineering . . . DOCUMENTATION . . . . . PROGRAM MANAGEMENT . . . A s s o c i a t e and Subcontractor Relations PERT . . .
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Page Biomzdical e Operations and Safety Simulation and T e s t
LAUNCH ESCAPE SUBSYSTEM Mock-ups Weight Control S t r u c t u r a l Design S t r u c t u r a l Analysis R e l e a s e Mechanisms T e s t Requirements Launch E s c a p e M o t o r . Tests Fasteners
ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL SYSTEM P r e s s u r e a n d T e m p e r a t u r e Control. Coolant S y s t e m W a t e r Managemznt Cryogenic G a s Storage Waste Management S y s t e m T e s t i n g and Checkout Mock-ups B r e a d b o a r d s and B o i l e r p l a t e s Space R a d i a t o r s
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E A R T H LANDING AND IMPACT ATTENUATION SYSTEM P a r a c h u t e Subsystem F o r w a r d Heat Shield * C r e w Couches
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COMMUNICATION SYSTEM R & D Equipment * Data Storage S y s t e m S e r v i c e Module VHF Antenna Equipment Photographic Equipment Radiation I n s t r u m e n t a t i o n Self- Contained Instrumentation P a c k a g e Optics Data F o r m a t Assignment P r o c e s s T V Equipment VHF Equipment e
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Page Unified Communications Study Antenna Models Associate Contractor Relations Spacecraft Antenna and S e n s o r Studies
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COMMAND MODULE STRUCTURE AND SUBSYSTEM INSTALLATION Evaluators e Mock-ups Boilerplates S t r u c t u r a l Design. Heat Shield * . Impact Attenuation S y s t e m S y s t e m Equipment Installation S t r u c t u r a l Analysis A i r Lock Ground Support Equipment Landing Impact T e s t F o r g e d Rings s Adhesives Impact Attenuation Vibration T e s t s Acoustic T h e r m a l Study Ablative M a t e r i a l s F i n i she s Gas G e n e r a t o r C h a r g e s
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Page P r i m a r y Structure Separation S y s t e m R e l e a s e and Separation Systems S y s t e m Equipment Installation Internal Loads Heat Shield Lunar E x c u r s i o n Module Adapter Study Apollo T e s t R e q u i r e m e n t s
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E L E C T R I C A L POWER SUBSYSTEM Lighting S y s t e m Umbilical F e a s i b i l i t y Studies Fuel C e l l s REACTION CONTROL Propellant System Rocket Engine Spacecraft Tests
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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SPACECRAFT GROUND SUPPORT EQUIPMENT . . . . . 117 D i s p l a y s and C o n t r o l s . . . . . . . . . 117 Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 D a t a P r o c e s s i n g and T r a n s m i s s i o n . . . . . . 118 Engineering F a c i l i t y Requirements . . . . . . . . 118 Handling GSE . . . . . . . . . 118 119 Servicing GSE . . . . . . . . . T r a i n i n g Equipment . . . . . . . . . . 119 . . . 119 Evaluation T e s t s . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 GROUND OPERATIONAL SUPPORT SYSTEM . 123 FACILITIES . . . . . . . . . . . . Office A r e a s .a s . . . . . . . . . . 123 123 Manufacturing A r e . . . . . . Facilities Projects . . . . APPENDIX . . . . . . . . . . . . A-1
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SPACE and INFORMATION S Y S T E M S DIVISION
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FLIGHT TECHNOLOGY (General O r d e r 7 1 2 1 ) WIND TUNNEL PROGRAM Wind tunnel t e s t s completed during this r e p o r t p e r i o d a r e p r e s e n t e d i n Table 1. During the next r e p o r t period, launch e s c a p e s y s t e m (LES) component loads and s t a t i c stability c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s of the Saturn-Apollo Block I1 launch and launch a b o r t configuration will be d e t e r m i n e d a t s u p e r s o n i c m a c h n u m b e r s i n t h e A m e s u n i t a r y wind tunnel. The first a e r o e l a s t i c t e s t s of the Saturn-Apollo Block I1 launch configuration will be conducted in the Langley 16-foot t r a n s o n i c dynamics wind tunnel to d e t e r m i n e the r e s p o n s e to buffeting p r e s s u r e s and to m e a s u r e the a e r o d y n a m i c and s t r u c t u r a l damping i n the f i r s t and second f r e e - f r e e bending modes.
Hypervelocity h e a t t r a n s f e r t e s t of the c o m m a n d module will be conducted f o r the f i r s t t i m e in the Cornel1 Aeronautical L a b o r a t o r y (CAL) 48-inch shock tunnel. AERODYNAMICS Command module and LES low s u p e r s o n i c dynamic stability data obtained i n the Langley wind tunnel t e s t s e r i e s a t m a c h n u m b e r s 1.60 t o 2 . 7 5 have been analyzed. The command module shows s t a b l e damping i n p i t c h and yaw except a t the c e n t e r of g r a v i t y n e a r e s t the a p e x , Reynold's n u m b e r s had little effect on t h e command module damping-in-pitch d a t a , e x c e p t a t m a c h n u m b e r 2 . 5 0 , where the lowest Reynold's n u m b e r showed unstable damping. T h e l a t e s t LES configuration ( s h o r t t o w e r ) indicates t h a t damping i n pitch i s unstable with w a s h e r on, except a t m a c h n u m b e r 2 . 5 0 , w h e r e damping i s stable with w a s h e r on and off. Ground r u l e s have been established to a c c u r a t e l y define the p r o c e d u r e to e n s u r e that the launch e s c a p e tower s t r u c t u r a l m e m b e r s do not foul alignm e n t of the t h r u s t v e c t o r for the pad a b o r t c a s e . They a r e a s follows: 1. J e t impingement will be unacceptable f o r launch conditions below 5000 f e e t p r e s s u r e altitude.
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T h e propulsion analysis g r o u p will d e t e r m i n e the plume s i z e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s f r o m the l a t e s t information a v a i l a b l e f r o m the motor manufacturer.
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P r e l i m i n a r y manufacturing t o l e r a n c e s f o r a e r o d y n a m i c contour c r i t e r i a have b e e n d e t e r m i n e d f o r the c o m m a n d module. Aerodynamic s u p p o r t to a study of a p r o p o s e d 2 6 0 - i n c h - d i a m e t e r s e r v i c e module w a s completed.
V i s i t s w e r e m a d e to the following b a l l i s t i c r a n g e f a c i l i t i e s :
1. B a l l i s t i c s Range L a b o r a t o r y , A b e r d e e n , Maryland United States Naval Ordnance L a b o r a t o r y , Silver S p r i n g , Mary land Canadian A r m a m e n t R e s e a r c h a n d Development E s t a b l i s h m e n t (CARDE) Quebec, Canada
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B a s e d on the examination of t h e s e f a c i l i t i e s , i t is r e c o m m e n d e d that t e s t s of the c o m m a n d module alone be conducted in the B a l l i s t i c s Range L a b o r a t o r y a n d that t e s t s of the LES be conducted in the CARDE facility. T h e F S - L model of the command module alone w a s t e s t e d subsonically i n t h e t r a n s o n i c wind tunnel to d e t e r m i n e the effects of R e y n o l d ' s n u m b e r 6 0 d e g r e e s ) . It w a s found that f o r on t h e second t r i m angle of a t t a c k ( a 6 R e > 2. 5 x 10 ( b a s e d on command module d i a m e t e r ) a r e l a t i v e l y s t r o n g trim point e x i s t s a t a > 5 0 d e g r e e s . During the t e s t s , it w a s noted t h a t a n a p p a r e n t R e y n o l d ' s n u m b e r effect e x i s t s f o r a n g l e s of a t t a c k n e a r the p r f m a r y trim point ( a > 150 d e g r e e s ) f o r Mach n u m b e r 0 . 2 . T h e effects could n o t be fully i n v e s t i g a t e d b e c a u s e of facility o p e r a t i o n limitations. Inve stig a t i o n s a r e being m a d e during t e s t s a t o t h e r f a c i l i t i e s .
Static p r e s s u r e d i s t r i b u t i o n data f o r the s p a c e c r a f t w e r e d e t e r m i n e d with a s y m m e t r i c a l model of the combined command module and s e r v i c e m o d u l e . T h e data e s s e n t i a l l y define a i r l o a d s design c r i t e r i a f o r t h e s e r v i c e m o d u l e a n d p r e s e n t a p r e s s u r e distribution different f r o m that which had b e e n a s s u m e d . The p r e s e n t s e r v i c e module d e s i g n i s r e l a t e d to a 4.5 p s i p r e s s u r e differential; h o w e v e r , these data indicate that a m u c h lower l e v e l is m o r e r e a l i s t i c and t h a t the p r e s s u r e s of the interface a r e ixuch g r e a t e r Ahan t h o s e p r e s e n t l y i n design. The r e s u l t s indicate that t h e f o r w a r d a c c e s s
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f a i r i n g s m u s t be designed f o r a m u c h higher b u r s t i n g p r e s s u r e than p r e v i o u s l y a s s u m e d a n d that the r e m a i n i n g s e r v i c e module l o a d s a r e g r e a t l y relieved. During the next r e p o r t p e r i o d , LES component l o a d s will b e d e t e r mined f r o m t e s t s t o be conducted in the A m e s u n i t a r y plan wind tunnel. Steady- state p r e s s u r e d i s t r i b u t i o n s t e s t s will be conducted on the launch vehicle model i n the A m e s u n i t a r y plan wind tunnel. Motor c a l i b r a t i o n t e s t s will be initiated using the h o t - j e t m o d e l ( F S J - 1) i n the Langley 16-foot t r a n s o n i c tunnel.
FLIGHT DYNAMICS T h e LES t h r u s t v e c t o r c ontrol s y s t e m h a s been e l i m i n a t e d f r o m c o n s i d e r ation, It h a s been r e p l a c e d by a n a c c e p t a b l e p a s s i v e s y s t e m using a k i c k e r r o c k e t . T h e rocket h a s a n i m p u l s e between 1200 and 3000 pounds s e c o n d s , and a burning time of 0 . 5 seconds. It is mounted n e a r the top of the t o w e r a n d is f i r e d tangentially i m p a r t i n g the d e s i r e d pitchover motion during the initial p h a s e of a b o r t . T h e m a i n m o t o r t h r u s t h a s been r e v i s e d downward f r o m 180,000 to 1 5 5 , 0 0 0 pounds a n d h a s b e e n aligned 2.8 d e g r e e s with r e s p e c t to the c e n t e r line. A down-range a b o r t d i r e c t i o n h a s b e e n s e l e c t e d with the a s t r o n a u t s r o t a t i n g h e e l s - o v e r -head. P r e l i m i n a r y m a n e u v e r and o r i e n t a t i o n r e q u i r e m e n t s have b e e n e s t a b l i s h e d f o r a lunar landing m i s s i o n t h a t will include l u n a r o r b i t a l r e n d e z v o u s . In s a t i s f a c t i o n of t h e s e r e q u i r e m e n t s , 964 pounds of p r o p e l l a n t a r e r e q u i r e d by the s e r v i c e module r e a c t i o n c o n t r o l s y s t e m (RCS). T h i s p r o p e l l a n t i s r e q u i r e d to damp r o t a t i o n a l t r a n s i e n t s , p e r f o r m a n g u l a r o r i e n t a t i o n m a n e u v e r s , provide docking capability, provide p r o p e l l a n t settling of the m a i n t a n k s , f u r n i s h nominal m i d c o u r s e c o r r e c t i o n capability, a n d p e r f o r m s e p a r ation maneuvers , T h e technique for s e p a r a t i o n of the c o m m a n d module a n d s e r v i c e module f r o m all l a s t - s t a g e b o o s t e r s i s p r e s e n t l y being e v a l u a t e d f o r both n o r m a l and a b o r t m o d e s of o p e r a t i o n . P a r a m e t e r s affecting s e l e c t i o n of the technique a r e redundance c r i t e r i a , p e r f o r m a n c e t r a d e - o f f s , m e c h a n i z a t i o n complexity, and r e s t r i c t i v e initial conditions f o r a b o r t , Configurations cons i d e r e d include u s e of the s e r v i c e module RCS f o r s e p a r a t i o n a n d u l l a g e , u s e of f i r e - i n - t h e - h o l e by the s e r v i c e p r o p u l s i o n s y s t e m with ullage p r o v i d e d by b o o s t e r t h r u s t tailoff, and u s e of s p e c i a l r o c k e t s a t t a c h e d to the s e r v i c e module, a d a p t e r , o r b o o s t e r upper s t a g e to p r o v i d e both s e p a r a t i o n a n d ullage,
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The r e c o v e r y s y s t e m i s being i n v e s t i g a t e d , and a c o m p r e h e n s i v e t e s t plan including both a wind tunnel a n d a n a e r o d y n a m i c drop p r o g r a m h a s b e e n r e l e a s e d . The r e c o v e r y envelope h a s been modified to d e c r e a s e the m a x i m u m altitude for drogue deployment to 2 5 , 0 0 0 f e e t to account f o r the i n c r e a s e d de sign weight of the command module. An investigation of the fuel r e q u i r e m e n t s f o r a m a n u a l l y - c o n t r o l l e d e n t r y m a n e u v e r h a s been conducted, and r e s u l t s a r e being evaluated. F u e l r e q u i r e m e n t s and a r e a l i s t i c duty cycle will be a v a i l a b l e s h o r t l y . Attitude o r i e n t a t i o n studies c o m p l e t e d include a r r e s t m e n t of a tumbling c o m m a n d module following high-altitude a b o r t above 125,000 feet. T h e s t u d i e s indicated that the SCS can provide sufficient stabilization through the e n t r y p h a s e with the c o m m a n d module e n t e r i n g i n either of the two p o s s i b l e t r i m conditions. During the next r e p o r t period, f u r t h e r evaluation of the LES will be conducted using r e v i s e d s y s t e m weights and a e r o d y n a m i c data. T h e p e r f o r m a n c e of the LES with r e s p e c t to both b o o s t e r d i s p e r s i o n a n d explosion h a z a r d s will b e investigated. High-altitude a b o r t tumbling conditions will be m o r e fully i n v e s t i g a t e d , a n d c r i t e r i a will be e s t a b l i s h e d . T h e r e q u i r e m e n t s a n d design c r i t e r i a f o r the s e r v i c e module RCS will b e updated a s the m i d c o u r s e c o r r e c t i o n capability is m o r e adequately defined. Docking m a n e u v e r s will be i n v e s t i g a t e d and a s i m u l a t o r study will b e initiated . R e q u i r e m e n t s f o r s e r v i c e module RCS t h r u s t level will be f u r t h e r investigated. T h e s e p a r a t i o n p r o b l e m will b e studied t o d e t e r m i n e a u n i v e r s a l technique f o r s e p a r a t i o n f r o m any p r o p o s e d b o o s t e r , Additional investigations of the attitude o r i e n t a t i o n p r o b l e m will be c e n t e r e d on investigation of manual r e o r i e n t a t i o n a n d t h e effect of p o s s i b l e e l i m i n a t i o n of the a p e x f o r w a r d aerodynamic t r i m point. PERFORMANCE AND TRAJECTORIES T r a j e c t o r i e s f o r the C - 1 and f c r the C - i with the s e r v i c e module have b e e n r e v i s e d to r e f l e c t l a r g e r weights in the S - I and S-IV s t a g e s . T h e
SID 6 2 - 3 0 0 - 6
,*L
i n j e c t e d payload degradation f o r the two- stage C- 1 vehicle is 2573 pounds; the payload f o r the C - 1 with the s e r v i c e module is 948 pounds. T h e boost t r a j e c t o r i e s f o r the C - 1 with the s e r v i c e module w e r e c o m puted t o d e t e r m i n e the influence of s e r v i c e module ignition delay on the o r b i t a l payload. T h e p e r f o r m a n c e t r a d e - o f f study shows a r e d u c t i o n i n payload of 1 0 . 4 pounds p e r second of ignition delay. A typical C - l boost t r a j e c t o r y h a s been c a l c u l a t e d f o r the SA-9 flight ( h e a t s h i e l d e n t r y ) . A A V m a r g i n of 2192 f e e t p e r second r e m a i n s for the S-IV s t a g e with the c u r r e n t payload of c o m m a n d m o d u l e , s e r v i c e module, and a d a p t e r . C o n v e r s e l y , a n a v a i l a b l e payload m a r g i n of 6837 pounds with no A V m a r g i n exists f o r the boost vehicle r e q u i r e d cut-off conditions. The payload v a r i a t i o n f o r the C - 1 using two s t a g e s t o apogee of 150 nautical m i l e s has been d e t e r m i n e d f o r s u b o r b i t a l velocities. Although t h i s p a r t i c u l a r t r a j e c t o r y i s not optimum for s i m u l a t i o n of a n o r b i t a l e n t r y h e a t s h i e l d t e s t , it i s the m a n e u v e r c u r r e n t l y defined by NASA f o r the SA-10 mission.
A propellant t r a d e - o f f study h a s been c o m p l e t e d to d e t e r m i n e the m a x i m u m o r b i t a l ( 100 nautical m i l e s ) payload capability f o r the S a t u r n C - 1B. T h e o p t i m u m usable p r o p e l l a n t loadings w e r e 7 9 9 , 3 8 6 pounds f o r the S - 1 a n d 2 1 1 , 5 5 1 pounds f o r the S-IVB. The S-IVB cut-off weight w a s found to b e a p p r o x i m a t e l y 1. 7 p e r c e n t g r e a t e r than c o m p a r a b l e NASA v a l u e s .
Convair has announced t h a t the fins will be 50 s q u a r e f e e t for all L i t t l e J o e I1 t e s t s . T h i s will n e c e s s i t a t e a change i n the m a x i m u m q a b o r t t r a j e c t o r y calculated f o r 150- s q u a r e - f o o t f i n s . T h i s r e d u c t i o n i n s i z e , which will r e s u l t in a r e d u c t i o n in d r a g , will enable Little J o e I1 to p e r f o r m the m a x q a b o r t test with two Algol m o t o r s r a t h e r than t h r e e . NASA wind data r e c e i v e d f o r E l P a s o , T e x a s , is t o b e c o n s i d e r e d applicable f o r the White Sands M i s s i l e Range. T h e s e data will b e u s e d f o r wind d i s p e r s i o n s t u d i e s a n d l o a d s data f o r the Little J o e I1 t e s t t r a j e c torie s. Trade-off s t u d i e s have been c o m p l e t e d to d e t e r m i n e the m o s t d e s i r a b l e p r o p e l l a n t capacity f o r the s e r v i c e module. B a s e d on a n t i c i p a t e d growth f a c t o r s , the optimum p r o p e l l a n t weight i s b e t w e e n 4 2 , 0 0 0 a n d 4 5 , 0 0 0 pounds. By c o m p a r i s o n , the p r o p e l l a n t weight obtained using NASA ground r u l e s is approximately 4 0 , 5 0 0 pounds.
A r e v i s e d s e r i e s of h e a t s h i e l d d e s i g n t r a j e c t o r i e s is being p r e p a r e d f o r Avco. These t r a j e c t o r i e s r e p r e s e n t the e x t r e m e s of heating r a t e s a n d
6SID 62-300-6
-@!MIWUIAL
co0
L/
i
l o a d s that the c o m m a n d module will encounter in all Apollo m i s s i o n p h a s e s in nominal design t r a j e c t o r i e s and a b o r t situations. The effect of s e a s o n a l deviations f r o m a r e p r e s e n t a t i v e a t m o s p h e r i c density profile on the e n t r y c o r r i d o r i s being studied. P r e l i m i n a r y r e s u l t s indicate a reduction i n the c o r r i d o r depth of a p p r o x i m a t e l y five p e r c e n t f r o m t h a t of 1959 STD ARDC a t m o s p h e r e .
A p r e l i m i n a r y evaluation of the NASA-recommended A V ' s and ground r u l e s f o r the l u n a r e x c u r s i o n module m i s s i o n h a s b e e n completed. T h e A V r e q u i r e m e n t s w e r e computed a s a function of t i m e f o r J a n u a r y 1967 f o r landing a t t h e MSC s i t e , 2 . 5 d e g r e e s n o r t h and 3 6 . 5 d e g r e e s e a s t ( s e l e n o g r a p h i c c o o r d i n a t e s ) and f o r subsequent r e t u r n along the GOSS trzck. It w a s fotind t h e r e w e r e two a r e a s on the l u n a r s u r f a c e t h a t could be r e a c h e d d u r i n g t h i s t i m e p e r i o d using the NASA A V capabilities. One a r e a w a s on the trailing visible q u a r t e r , and the o t h e r w a s on the leading nonvisible q u a r t e r . E a c h a r e a c o n t a i n s approximately two p e r c e n t of the l u n a r s u r f a c e . T h e NASA A V f o r the l u n a r e x c u r s i o n module pickup m a n e u v e r in the a b o r t mode w a s found to be low. Use of a m o r e efficient m a n e u v e r into the equal p e r i o d o r b i t will p e r m i t a lunar e x c u r s i o n module pickup m a n e u v e r with A V to s p a r e . T h e NASA velocity i n c r e m e n t s for l u n a r o r b i t injection and t r a n s e a r t h injection did not p e r m i t overfly of the p r o p o s e d landing s i t e a t a l l t i m e s of the month; however, sufficient A V allotted f o r plane change m a n e u v e r s c a n be p r o v i d e d t o a c c o m p l i s h overfly a n d r e t u r n . T h e NASA A V ' s w e r e found to p e r m i t the u s e of two e a r t h - l a u n c h windows. A meeting w a s h e l d concerning i n t e r r e l a t i o n s h i p s between s p a c e c r a f t p e r f o r m a n c e , t r a j e c t o r i e s , s y s t e m s r e l i a b i l i t y , m i s s i o n s u c c e s s , and c r e w s a f e t y , S&ID p r e s e n t e d a n o v e r - a l l p l a n of action to r e v i e w m i s s i o n s u c c e s s a n d c r e w s a f e t y c r i t e r i a and status in c e r t a i n technological a r e a s .
T r a n s l u n a r midcour s e c o r r e c t i o n maneuver r e q u i r e m e n t s w e r e i n ve s t i g a t e d with v a r i a t i o n s in t r a n s l u n a r injection e r r o r s a n d t r a n s l u n a r r e f e r e n c e trajectory characteristics. Total maneuver requirements w e r e f r o m 13 to 42 f e e t p e r s e c o n d , 1 U , depending on c o a s t angle a n d r e f e r e n c e t r a j e c t o r y . Maneuver pointing e r r o r s f r o m 0. 0167 to 0 . 3 0 d e g r e e s had no significant effect on the A V r e q u i r e m e n t s . T h r u s t cut-off d e v i a t i o n s , which r e s u l t in velocity magnitude e r r o r s , produced a l a r g e v a r i a t i o n i n A V r e q u i r e m e n t s up to 282 feet p e r second f o r a 2 - s e c o n d cut-off e r r o r . During t h e n e x t r e p o r t p e r i o d , s t u d i e s of the effect of l u n a r o p e r a t i o n a l a n d t r a j e c t o r y c o n s t r a i n t s on the r e q u i r e d c h a r a c t e r i s t i c v e l o c i t i e s will b e continued. Investigations will c o n s i d e r t i m e -of -the -month e f f e c t s , l u n a r s u r f a c e c o v e r a g e , s t a y t i m e on the l u n a r ar-rface, and e a r t h - e r i i r y r a n g e .
- 7 SID 62-300-6
The b o o s t e r l o a d t r a j e c t o r i e s f o r the v a r i o u s m i s s i o n s will b e e s t a b lished. They will include the l a t e s t weight and p e r f o r m a n c e data f r o m NASA. The m a j o r p o r t i o n of the p e r f o r m a n c e p a r a m e t r i c t r a d e - o f f s f o r e s t a b lishing navigation a n d guidance r e q u i r e m e n t s should be c o m p l e t e d , T h e s e s t u d i e s will cover a l l p h a s e s of flight, s u c h a s b o o s t , t r a n s l u n a r , l u n a r orbital operations, transearth, and entry. Boost and e n t r y t r a j e c t o r y a n a l y s i s f o r the development flights a n d f o r the flight plan s t u d i e s will be continued so that the r e q u i r e m e n t s for the b o i l e r p l a t e o r b i t a l t e s t , high-altitude a b o r t t e s t , and prototype o r b i t a l t e s t maybe completed. THERMODYNAMICS AND SYSTEMS ANALYSIS Aerothermodynamics T h e Apollo e n t r y heating p r o g r a m h a s b e e n r e v i s e d to p e r m i t the s i m u l t a n e o u s , independent, computation of a e r o d y n a m i c heating r a t e s a t t h i r t y points on the c o m m a n d module. T h i s p r o g r a m c a n handle nine t r a j e c t o r i e s simultaneously. It a l s o p r o v i d e s a n -utput in the f o r m of cathode r a y tubes plots and p r i n t e d t a b l e s of heating r a t e s a s a function of t i m e . The equations a r e b a s i c a l l y unchanged f r o m the p r e v i o u s p r o g r a m except f o r the r a d i a t i o n a n a l y s i s and the convective heating d i s t r i b u t i o n on the e n t r y afterbody. A r a d i a t i v e - h e a t - t r a n s f e r r a t e , using M e y e r o t t s e m i s s i v i t y data, h a s b e e n i n c o r p o r a t e d i n the p r o g r a m .
A p r o g r a m to compute heating r a t e s due to r o c k e t plume i m p i n g e m e n t has been completed. A c o r r e l a t i o n h a s b e e n m a d e of the h e a t - t r a n s f e r data obtained i n the J P L wind tunnel of the launch configuration without LES, a n d of the heating r a t e s f o r a n apex f o r w a r d e n t r y a f t e r high-altitude a b o r t .
During the next p e r i o d , e n t r y - t r a j e c t o r y heating r a t e s , b a s e d o n a command module g r o s s weight of 9500 pounds a n d a r a n g e c a p a b i l i t y of 5000 m i l e s , w i l l be computed using the new p r o g r a m . W i n d Tunnel P r o g r a m Data evaluation of the JPL H- 1 h e a t t r a n s f e r t e s t r e s u l t s w a s c o n tinued. A final r e p o r t is a l m o s t c o m p l e t e ,
- 8 -
-IAL
STD 6 2 - 3 0 0 - 6
Reduced data f r o m the AEDC H - 2 t e s t s w e r e obtained a n d plotted by the cathode r a y plotter. Data evaluation was s t a r t e d . T h e H-2 m o d e l s r e t u r n e d f r o m AEDC w e r e modified f o r testing in the Langley u n i t a r y plan wind tunnel. C o n s t r u c t i o n of the HL- 1 m o d e l is n e a r i n g completion. It will a l s o b e t e s t e d a t LUPWT. A g r e e m e n t w a s r e a c h e d with NASA on a m i n i m u m - h e a t - t r a n s f e r t e s t p r o g r a m to b e a c c o m p l i s h e d with the 0. 0 4 - s c a l e H-7 model i n the Hotshot-I1 tunnel a t a Mach n u m b e r of 20. Wind-tunnel t e s t s a r e i n p r o g r e s s to d e t e r m i n e a e r o heating in the c o m m a n d m o d u l e ' s RCS r o c k e t n o z z l e s during e n t r y . T e s t s a r e also being c s n d w t e d to d e t e r m i n e s e r v i c e module heating s u r f a c e due to impingement of the RCS r o c k e t s . During the next p e r i o d , H - 1 data evaluation will be c o m p l e t e d a n d H-2 evaluation will b e continued. Shock-tunnel testing will be s t a r t e d a t the Cornel1 A e r o n a u t i c s L a b o r a t o r y . F i n a l p r e p a r a t i o n s for the Langley t e s t s will b e completed. H e a t T r a n sf e r Analy s i s Launch E s c a p e S y s t e m An a n a l y s i s of the flow s e p a r a t o r f o r the LES during boost h a s r e v e a l e d that f i b e r g l a s s insulation 0. 2 i n c h e s thick will be r e q u i r e d to p r e v e n t the upper f a c e panel of the flow s e p a r a t o r f r o m exceeding 6 0 0 F. T h e t e s t p r o g r a m f o r the LES tower ablative m a t e r i a l w a s r e v i s e d t o include additional t e s t data. All t e s t s p e c i m e n s have been p r e p a r e d , a n d the r e q u i r e d t e s t equipment h a s been f a b r i c a t e d . An a n a l y t i c a l study will b e made during the next r e p o r t p e r i o d t o d e t e r m i n e the amount and kind of m a t e r i a l r e q u i r e d t o provide adequate t h e r m a l p r o t e c t i o n f o r the LES tower s t r u c t u r e during a b o r t . An e s t i m a t e of t h e effects of p a r t i c l e impingement f r o m the exhaust of the LES m o t o r s w i l l be included in t h i s investigation. Ablative m a t e r i a l s f o r the t h e r m a l p r o t e c t i o n of the LES tower will b e t e s t e d in r o c k e t e x h a u s t s comparable to those of the LES m o t o r s .
- 9 SID 62-300-6
'd
4-
Boilerplate T e s t Articles An a n a l y s i s of the t h e r m a l p r o t e c t i o n r e q u i r e m e n t s f o r the b o i l e r p l a t e s during C - 1 boost i n d i c a t e s that p r o t e c t i v e m a t e r i a l will not b e needed in the r e g i o n f r o m 2. 7 f e e t to 4 . 6 f e e t a f t of the stagnation point m e a s u r e d along the s u r f a c e of the v e h i c l e . Other r e g i o n s of the vehicle a r e now being investigated to determine their t h e r m a l protection requirements. During the next r e p o r t p e r i o d , w o r k will continue on a study to d e t e r m i n e i f any p o r t i o n s of the b o i l e r p l a t e aft of 4 . 6 f e e t will r e q u i r e t h e r m a l protection. Command Module
A study has shown that the weight of ablation m a t e r i a l on the c o m m a n d module c a n b e r e d u c e d by a p p r o x i m a t e l y 4 6 0 pounds if the bondline t e m p e r a t u r e l i m i t a t touchdown is changed f r o m 4 0 0 F to 8 0 0 F . T h i s weight reduction includes c o n s i d e r a t i o n of the additional insulation r e q u i r e d on the afterbody f o r the 8 0 0 F condition.
Additional i t e m s w e r e a c c o m p l i s h e d a s follows: c u r v e s of t e m p e r a t u r e v e r s u s t i m e for the s t a i n l e s s s t e e l a n d a l u m i n u m honeycomb f a c e s h e e t s w e r e p r e p a r e d ; c a l c u l a t i o n s w e r e m a d e of t e m p e r a t u r e d i s t r i b u t i o n through the h e a t shield a t c r i t i c a l t i m e s during r e - e n t r y ; t e s t s p e c i f i c a t i o n s w e r e completed f o r the first s e r i e s of twenty planned a r c - j e t t e s t s ; d e t a i l s of the h e a t - s h i e l d qualification t e s t p r o g r a m w e r e p r e p a r e d .
A p r e l i m i n a r y study to d e t e r m i n e the m i n i m u m s u r f a c e t e m p e r a t u r e of the command module during s p a c e flight w a s c o m p l e t e d . R e s u l t s indicate that when the s u r f a c e is shaded f r o m sunlight f o r prolonged p e r i o d s , the s t r u c t u r e may cool to -287 F .
Water-bottle e n v i r o n m e n t t e m p e r a t u r e s have b e e n p r e d i c t e d f o r e n t r y , parachute-deployment and post-landing conditions. E s t i m a t e s i n d i c a t e that the t e m p e r a t u r e of the a i r s u r r o u n d i n g the w a t e r t a n k s m a y b e a s high a s 4 0 0 F f o r approximately 30 s e c o n d s . T h i s o c c u r s when the i m p a c t a t t e n u a tion m e c h a n i s m i s o p e r a t e d during d r o g u e - c h u t e deployment.
A h e a t - t r a n s f e r study was m a d e to d e t e r m i n e the t e m p e r a t u r e s of the propellant tanks f o r t h e RCS during r e e n t r y . R e s u l t s show that overheating of the uninsulated t a n k s may o c c u r during t h i s p h a s e .
10
SID 62-300-6
-IAL
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SPACE and INFORMATION S Y S T E X I S D I V I S I O A

\
CO N
During the next p e r i o d the following will be p e r f o r m e d : (1) a n evaluation of the e l e c t r i c a l and t h e r m a l p r o p e r t i e s of antenna window m a t e r i a l s will be initiated; ( 2 ) holes c r a c k s and p r o t u b e r a n c e s will be evaluated a s they a f f e c t ablation p e r f o r m a n c e ; (3) a n a n a l y s i s will b e p e r f o r m e d to d e t e r m i n e i f the t e m p e r a t u r e of the o u t e r skin of the i n n e r cabin will exceed 2 0 0 F in the region w h e r e the a f t - c o m p a r t m e n t f r a m e s a r e located. Studies will a l s o be m a d e t o d e t e r m i n e the t h e r m a l p r o t e c t i o n n e c e s s a r y to p r e v e n t overheating of the RCS t a n k s during e n t r y ; (4) t e m p e r a t u r e d i s t r i b u t i o n within the c o m m a n d module will be d e t e r m i n e d ( f o r l u n a r o r b i t ) with the s p a c e c r a f t i n l u n a r orientation, Service Module ' l h e insulation r e q u i r e m e n t of the RCS t a n k s h a s been d e t e r m i n e d t o be 0. 25 i n c h e s f o r the t r a n s l u n a r , l u n a r - o r b i t , and t r a n s e a r t h p h a s e s when the m a i n engine t a n k s a r e insulated.
_.
A p a r a m e t r i c study w a s p e r f o r m e d f o r the RCS fairing during the b o o s t p h a s e . The m a x i m u m t e m p e r a t u r e that the RCS r o c k e t a r m will r e a c h during b o o s t is 700 F .
T h e main-engine injector plate will r e q u i r e a n e x t e r n a l h e a t s o u r c e of 94 w a t t s during the l u n a r m i s s i o n ,
A w a t e r table h a s been designed, f a b r i c a t e d , and operated t o

d e m o n s t r a t e the feasibility of various d e s i g n a p p r o a c h e s to the s e r v i c e module r o c k e t - e x h a u s t - a n d - s e p a r a t i o n p r o b l e m . T e m p e r a t u r e h i s t o r i e s of the f e e d l i n e s w e r e d e t e r m i n e d f o r the e a r t h - o r b i t a l 7 c i r c u m l u n a r , and l u n a r - o r b i t a l f l i g h t s . F o r the e a r t h o r b i t a l flight, with 1. 0 inch of super insulation on the feed l i n e s ( 2 . 5 i n c h e s in d i a m e t e r ) , it w a s found that heating of the l i n e s m u s t be begun 182 h o u r s a f t e r launch in o r d e r to keep the p r o p e l l a n t s f r o m f r e e z i n g . F o r c i r c u m l u n a r a n d l u n a r o r b i t a l f l i g h t s , the p r o p e l l a n t f e e d l i n e s r e m a i n within the s a f e t e m p e r a t u r e r a n g e if one inch of s u p e r insulation is u s e d .
A study w a s c o m p l e t e d which d e t e r m i n e d t e m p e r a t u r e h i s t o r i e s and g r a d i e n t s of the s e r v i c e module adapter during boost. B a s e d on a m a x i m u m allowable t e m p e r a t u r e for the aluminum honeycomb panel of 375 F r e s u l t s , of t h e study indicate that (with a c o r e having a density of 216 pounds p e r c u b i c f e e t ) any f a c e t h i c k n e s s g r e a t e r than 0 . 0 1 9 i n c h e s could be u s e d . W i t h a c o r e having a density of 3 pounds p e r cubic f o o t , any f a c e t h i c k n e s s g r e a t e r than 0 . 0 1 6 5 could be u s e d .
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Insulation r e q u i r e m e n t s have b e e n d e t e r m i n e d f o r the p r o p e l l a n t tanks. R e s u l t s indicate that a minimum of 0 . 2 5 i n c h e s of high v a c u u m ,
11
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N O R T H AME RICAN AVIATION, INC.
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" s u p e r " insulation will be r e q u i r e d on the propellant t a n k s to p r e v e n t f r e e z i n g of the propella.nt. Studies a r e planned f o r investigation of the t e m p e r a t u r e h i s t o r i t s of the cryogenic s t o r a g e t a n k s during s p a c e flight. E n v i r o n m e n t a l Cont r ol Sy s t e m s Analy si s A t m o s p h e r i c Composition a n d Control
A study of humidity l e v e l s in the c o m m a n d module i n d i c a t e s t h a t e x c e s s i v e "sweating" would be e n c o u n t e r e d on the s u i t c i r c u i t and coolant ducting u n l e s s sufficient insulation w e r e i n s t a l l e d . A computer p r o g r a m w a s developed to o p t i m i z e i n s u l a t i o n r e q u i r e m e n t s . T h e study h a s been c o m p l e t e d , and the i n s u l a t i o n t h i c k n e s s h a s been established. T h i s t h i c k n e s s v a r i e s f r o m 0 . 392 to 1 . 4 5 i n c h e s . A p r e l i m i n a r y r e p o r t h a s been c o m p l e t e d a s the r e s u l t of a l i t e r a t u r e s e a r c h into f i r e h a z a r d s in 100 p e r c e n t oxygen a n d o x y g e n - e n r i c h e d a t m o s p h e r e s . T h i s r e p o r t i n d i c a t e s that l i m i t e d testing will b e w a r r a n t e d .
T h e effect of m e t e o r o i d p e n e t r a t i o n on the c o m m a n d module a t m o s p h e r e is being investigated. A t e s t p r o g r a m g e a r e d to m o n i t o r the a t m o s p h e r i c effects of m e t e o r o i d p e n e t r a t i o n is being c o n s i d e r e d . T h i s t e s t would be conducted in conjunction with the p r o p o s e d m e t e o r o i d t e s t p r o g r a m . Compressor performance c u r v e s for t h r e e cabin p r e s s u r e s were i n t e g r a t e d into t h e s u i t - c i r c u i t - c o m p u t e r p r o g r a m . P r e p a r a t i o n of a " s u b - p r o g r a m " f o r the i n c o r p o r a t i o n of new a n d m o r e g e n e r a l c o m p r e s s o r data i s in the initial checkout s t a g e . T h e waste m a n a g e m e n t s y s t e m a n a l y s i s , including a new s e l e c t i o n v a l v e , r e v i s e d tubing l e n g t h s , odor r e m o v a l f i l t e r , and t h r e e check v a l v e s , w a s completed f o r a 5 . 0 p s i a c o m m a n d module p r e s s u r e . T h e r e w a s only a s m a l l change in the flow r a t e s through the s e p a r a t e b r a n c h e s a s a r e s u l t of the change to 5 p s i a . T h e u s e of 3 / 8 - i n c h o u t e r d i a m e t e r tubing f o r u r i n a l a n d f e c a l v e n t i lation l i n e s , and 5 / 8 - i n c h o u t e r d i a m e t e r tubing f o r the r e t u r n line f r o m the exhaust blower, w e r e e s t a b l i s h e d a s the o p t i m u m s i z e s . Although ventilation line l e n g t h s f r o m the s t o r a g e a r e a have not y e t b e e n d e f i n e d , the e s t i m a t e of 1 / 4 - i n c h o u t e r d i a m e t e r a p p e a r s t o be v a l i d ,
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During the next p e r i o d , the following w i l l be accomplished: ( 1 ) the l a t e s t component - p r e s s u r e - d r o p c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s and 5 p s i a study c a p a b i l i t i e s will be i n t e g r a t e d into the computer p r o g r a m ; ( 2 ) a detailed s t u d y of the h e a t exchanger e f f e c t i v e n e s s and p e r f o r m a n c e r e q u i r e m e n t s is expected to be s t a r t e d ; ( 3 ) the f i r e h a z a r d i n a 5 p s i a oxygen a t m o s p h e r e w i l l be defined; ( 4 ) a t e s t outline will be completed of m e t e o r o i d p e n e t r a t i o n e f f e c t s on t h e cabin a t m o s p h e r e ; ( 5 ) the computer p r o g r a m f o r the w a t e r - m a n a g e m e n t s y s t e m i s expected to be completed and production r u n s m a d e ; ( 6 ) a s a m p l e of the f e c a l bag developed by S&ID, will b e t e s t e d f o r c a b i n - d e p r e s s u r i z a t i o n effect. T h e t e s t s will be conducted c o n c u r r e n t l y with scheduled c a b i n simulation tests
Unmanned S p a c e c r a f t The basic s y s t e m f o r cooling i n s t r u m e n t a t i o n on the pad a b o r t and m a x i m u m q b o i l e r p l a t e t e s t vehicles h a s been sufficiently defined f o r d e s i g n p u r p o s e s . Additional a n a l y s i s indicates that t h e s a m e b a s i c cooling s y s t e m , which utilized p r e - c o o l e d w a t e r - g l y c o l a s a h e a t sink, is a d a p t a b l e to the f i r s t o r b i t a l v e h i c l e s ( b o i l e r p l a t e 1 3 and 15). T h i s s y s t e m will supply cooling f o r a l l t h e e l e c t r o n i c equipment during prelaunch and boost. During o r b i t , the s y s t e m is c a p a b l e of cooling one coldplate-cooled t e l e m e t e r unit f o r one o r b i t only, a s r e q u i r e d by the m i s s i o n o b j e c t i v e s . Planned a c t i v i t i e s a r e a s follows: l i m i t e d p e r f o r m a n c e t e s t s will be conducted on the c o m p l e t e s y s t e m a s soon a s all components have been p r o c u r e d ; additional s t u d i e s on the o r b i t a l b o i l e r p l a t e v e h i c l e s ( b o i l e r p l a t e s 13 and 15) will b e m a d e a s s o o n a s m o r e data become a v a i l a b l e ; a n a n a l y s i s w i l l begin of cooling r e q u i r e m e n t s f o r b o i l e r p l a t e s 16 and 18. Equipment Cooling The weight penalty f o r the i n c o r p o r a t i o n of redundancy within the e l e c t r o n i c cooling s y s t e m h a s been analyzed f o r 33 p o s s i b l e s y s t e m combinations.
A c o m p u t e r p r o g r a m h a s been w r i t t e n t h a t simultaneously s o l v e s the flow- a n d - t e m p e r a t u r e distribution within a coldplate. T h i s p r o g r a m e v a l u a t e s c h a n g e s in fluid v i s c o s i t y , specific h e a t , and d e n s i t y a s a function of t e m p e r a t u r e while solving f o r fluid distribution and h e a t t r a n s f e r through t h e coldplate.
The p r o b l e m of h e a t dissipation f o r a lighting unit mounted on a s e a t s h o c k a b s o r b e r w a s examined and completed.
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A l i t e r a t u r e s e a r c h f o r a t h e r m a l i n t e r f a c e m a t e r i a l to be p l a c e d between the e l e c t r o n i c units and the coldplates w a s continued, a n d s e v e r a l m a t e r i a l s w e r e c h o s e n f o r testing.

T e s t s of the f i r s t developmental c oldplate have been c o m p l e t e d , a n d t h e t e s t data a r e being r e d u c e d and analyzed. So f a r , the t e s t r e s u l t s show good a g r e e m e n t with the a n a l y t i c a l r e s u l t s . C o o l a n t - f l o w - v e r s u s - p r e s s u r e - d r o p t e s t s w e r e r u n on the first honeycomb sandwich coldplate. A second honeycomb sandwich c oldplate h a s been completed a n d s a t i s f a c t o r i l y bonded. T h i s plate is identical to the first o n e , except that t h e r m o c o u p l e s w e r e installed i n t e r n a l l y b e f o r e bonding, s o that the plate could be u s e d f o r t h e r m a l t e s t s . T h e plate h a s b e e n l e a k - c h e c k e d , p r e s s u r e d r o p t e s t s have b e e n r u n , and its s u r f a c e s have been machined and lapped to i m p r o v e t h e i r f l a t n e s s and finish. During the next p e r i o d , a trade-off study of w e i g h t - v e r s u s - r e l i a b i l i t y is planned f o r the 3 3 p o s s i b l e s y s t e m combinations now under c o n s i d e r a t i o n to d e t e r m i n e the optimum s y s t e m f o r i n c o r p o r a t i o n of redundancy within the e l e c t r o n i c cooling s y s t e m . T h e computer p r o g r a m f o r the s i m u l t a n e o u s solution of m a s s and h e a t t r a n s f e r f o r a single coldplate %rillb e e n l a r g e d to p e r m i t a n evaluation of changes in the fluid f i l m coefficient a s a function of t e m p e r a t u r e a n d flow. The s a m e computer p r o g r a m now u s e d f o r the a n a l y s i s of a single coldplate will be adapted f o r the a n a l y s i s of e l e c t r o n i c cooling s y s t e m s c o m p r i s e d of multiple c o l d p l a t e s . I n t e r f a c e m a t e r i a l s a m p l e s will be t e s t e d to d e t e r m i n e the i n t e r f a c e conductance between the a l u m i n u m t e s t p l a t e s . Nuclear Radiation P r o t e c t i o n Sy st e m s Integral e n e r g y s p e c t r a a r e c o m p l e t e f o r 14 s o l a r p r o t o n e v e n t s . T h e s e r v i c e module g e o m e t r y breakdown is c o m p l e t e d , T h e s e r v i c e module is divided into 83 solid-angle s e g m e n t s . The d e n s i t y a n d t h i c k n e s s , in g r a m s p e r s q u a r e c e n t i m e t e r , f o r e a c h type of m a t e r i a l i n e a c h s e g m e n t , have been computed. The advance c o m p u t e r shielding p r o g r a m h a s b e e n initiated. A g e n e r a l solution of the l i n e a r - e n e r g y - t r a n s f e r function f o r l o w - e n e r g y p r o t o n s applicable t o a n y n u m b e r of l a y e r s of m a t e r i a l h a s b e e n d e t e r m i n e d f o r the p r i m a r y proton dose. Planning f o r the a c c e l e r a t o r - v e r i f i c a t i o n s t u d i e s connected with the advanced c o m p u t e r shielding p r o g r a m i s n e a r completion. N u c l e a r a n d warning i n s t r u m e n t a t i o n r e q u i r e m e n t s have b e e n f u r t h e r defined, and specific h a r d w a r e s y s t e m s a r e now under c o n s i d e r a t i o n , During the next p e r i o d , d i f f e r e n t i a l e n e r g y s p e c t r a f o r 25 p r o t o n e v e n t s will be determined. S o l a r phenomena s t u d i e s f o r u s e in a w a r n i n g s y s t e m a r e planned. The c o m m a n d module will b e divided into m o r e t h a n 50 solid s e g m e n t s , including shielding c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s of e a c h .
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T h e c o m p u t e r p r o g r a m f o r determining the dose r a t e f o r the 25 e n e r g y s p e c t r a will b e run. P o s s i b l e a c c e l e r a t o r f a c i l i t i e s f o r implementing the shielding v e r i f i c a t i o n effort will b e e x p l o r e d . Power Svstems Analvsis Over-all Power System Two m e t h o d s of rejecting h e a t during the p r e l a u n c h o p e r a t i o n w e r e a n a l y z e d , and a p a r a m e t r i c study of h e a t exchanger r e q u i r e m e n t s w a s initiated f o r t h i s application. The t i m e s r e q u i r e d f o r s y s t e m cool- down, to p e r m i t fuel c e l l r e p l a c e m e n t a n d maintenance have been c a l c u l a t e d f o r s e v e r a l cooling m o d e s . During the next p e r i o d , heat r e j e c t i o n methods will be o p t i m i z e d , m e t h o d s f o r reducing cool-down t i m e will be d e t e r m i n e d , and effects on s y s t e m reliability will be analyzed. F u e l Cell Subsystem Steady- s t a t e t e m p e r a t u r e g r a d i e n t s have b e e n d e t e r m i n e d f o r fuel A computer program c e l l e l e c t r o d e s u n d e r c r i t i c a l operating conditions. h a s b e e n d e s i g n e d to p e r m i t d e t e r m i n a t i o n of t r a n s i e n t t e m p e r a t u r e gradients. T h e c o m p u t e r p r o g r a m for t r a n s i e n t a n a l y s i s will b e checked out d u r i n g the next r e p o r t i n g p e r i o d , a n d t h e r m a l s t r e s s l e v e l s a s s o c i a t e d with t h e t e m p e r a t u r e g r a d i e n t s will be d e t e r m i n e d . Cryogenic Storage Subsystem Cryogenic s u b s y s t e m design p a r a m e t e r s w e r e d e t e r m i n e d using 3 p e r c e n t ullage. T h e data ( c u r v e s h e e t s and t a b l e s ) a r e p l a c e d in the Design D a t a Manual. A specification i s being p r e p a r e d which d e s c r i b e s fluid d e l i v e r y r a t e s , fluid p r o p e r t i e s , and s u g g e s t e d line s i z e s f o r the d e l i v e r y of oxygen and hydrogen to the command module by GSE. An a n a l y s i s h a s b e e n m a d e of a n initial p r e s s u r i z a t i o n by w a r m g a s . T h i s p r o c e d u r e r e q u i r e s m o r e complex GSE equipment to i n s u r e the s a m e f i l l weight f o r a l l p e r i o d s of s t a n d b y , although t h e s e r e q u i r e m e n t s do not a p p e a r e x c e s s i v e . Analyses w e r e c o m p l e t e d of the t o t a l heating r e q u i r e m e n t s (to m a i n t a i n tank p r e s s u r e a n d t o w a r m d e l i v e r y g a s ) f o r the c r y o g e n i c s u b s y s t e m during the e n t i r e mi s sion.
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Space R a d i a t o r Subsystem A n a l y s e s w e r e initiated f o r r e s i z i n g and d e t e r m i n i n g the c o n t r o l c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s of the E C S and E P S s p a c e r a d i a t o r s f o r the l u n a r - o r b i t m i s s i o n . T h e s e s t u d i e s will r e f l e c t the elimination of the deployable ECS r a d i a t o r a n d the lunar landing r e q u i r e m e n t . C u r v e s a r e c o m p l e t e d which d e s c r i b e the h e a t - r e j e c t i o n capabilities ( w a t e r -glycol outlet t e m p e r a t u r e s a n d r e j e c t e d - h e a t - v e r s u s - p o s i t i o n in e a r t h o r b i t ) for the ECS r a d i a t o r . P l a n s a r e completed f o r the testing of eight different s p a c e - r a d i a t o r coating s a m p l e s on the S - 17050 (Orbiting S o l a r O b s e r v a t o r y ) . T h e s i z e and controllability a n a l y s i s of the ECS and E P S r a d i a t o r s f o r the l u n a r orbit m i s s i o n will be continued during the next r e p o r t p e r i o d . S u r f a c e - c o a t i n g - s a m p l e c a n d i d a t e s f o r the t e s t in the Orbiting S o l a r O b s e r v a t o r y (OSO) will be s c r e e n e d and s u b m i t t e d to NASA f o r installation on the OSO. The a n a l y s e s of r a d i a t o r p e r f o r m a n c e r e q u i r e m e n t s f o r the l u n a r - o r b i t m i s s i o n will b e continued, The ECS and E P S r a d i a t o r s will b e r e - s i z e d f o r the c r i t i c a l lunar - o r b i t h e a t - r e j e c t i o n r e q u i r e m e n t s a n d e n v i r o n m e n t a l pa r a m e t e r s
I
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P r o p u l s i o n S y s t e m s Analysis Propellant F e e d Systems T h e SPS p r e s s u r i z a t i o n s y s t e m is being studied to d e t e r m i n e c o m p a r ative weight and p e r f o r m a n c e without h e a t addition, and with v a r i o u s m e t h o d s of h e a t addition to the h e l i u m . Two methods of h e a t addition under c o n s i d e r a t i o n a r e bubbling of the helium through the p r o p e l l a n t a n d a p r o p e l l a n t - t o h e l i u m h e a t exchanger. P a r a m e t r i c data a r e developed which show the effect of h e a t addition on h e l i u m - b o t t l e - s i z e r e q u i r e m e n t s . T h e s i z e of the SPS p r o p e l l a n t tank f i l l - a n d - v e n t l i n e s in the s e r v i c e module i s d e t e r m i n e d . T h e o x i d i z e r line i s 1 1 / 2 i n c h e s i n n e r d i a m e t e r , the fuel line is 1 1 / 4 i n c h e s i n n e r d i a m e t e r , a n d the vent line is 1 inch i n n e r d i a m e t e r . P r e s s u r e d r o p r e q u i r e m e n t s of the SPS p r o p e l l a n t - u t i l i z a t i o n v a l v e s a r e d e t e r m i n e d for: (1) the c a s e of a n a u t o m a t i c a n d m a n u a l v a l v e , in p a r a l l e l , located in the o x i d i z e r l i n e ; (2) a n d f o r the c a s e of s e p a r a t e a u t o m a t i c and manual v a l v e s , i n s e r i e s , l o c a t e d i n both the fuel a n d o x i d i z e r l i n e s . R e s u l t s indicate that the p r e s s u r e - d r o p r a n g e is s m a l l e r and the s y s t e m weight is l e s s , f o r the p r o p e l l a n t - u t i l i z a t i o n v a l v e s in both the fuel a n d oxidizer l i n e s . The p r e s s u r e s u r g e ( w a t e r - h a m m e r effect) in the RCS of the s e r v i c e module i s d e t e r m i n e d a s a f u n c t i o n - o f - l i n e i n s i d e d i a m e t e r a n d n u m b e r of m o t o r s f i r i n g . M a r g i n a l conditions a r e found to e x i s t ( o v e r 500 p s i s u r g e ) with 3 / 8 - i n c h line a n d 3 m o t o r s f i r i n g .
y.
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16
SID 6 2 - 3 0 0 - 6
A study to d e t e r m i n e the m i n i m u m s i z e of the h e l i u m r e s e r v o i r s of the c o m m a n d module RCS p r e s s u r i z a t i o n s y s t e m s is c o m p l e t e . R e s u l t s indicate that s p h e r i c a l r e s e r v o i r s having a n i n n e r d i a m e t e r of 8. 1 i n c h e s will be r e q u i r e d f o r the p r e s e n t c o m m a n d module RCS p r o p e l l a n t s y s t e m . A study to d e t e r m i n e the effect of p r o p e l l a n t - t a n k p r e s s u r e o n s y s t e m weight is c o m p l e t e . I n c r e a s e d p r e s s u r e in the p r o p e l l a n t t a n k s r e s u l t i n g f r o m a r e q u i r e m e n t of higher p r e s s u r e s a t the engine will affect s y s t e m weight through the p r i n c i p a l effects of h e l i u m weight, h e l i u m r e s e r v o i r weight, and p r o p e l l a n t tank weight. R e s u l t s indicate that a n i n c r e a s e i n p r o p e l l a n t tank p r e s s u r e of approximately 175 p s i will r e s u l t i n a weight i n c r e a s e of a p p r o x i m a t e l y 4.5 pounds f o r e a c h s y s t e m . A propulsion s y s t e m analog- s i m u l a t i o n p r o g r a m w a s initiated to i n v e s t i g a t e the t r a n s i e n t a n d s t e a d y - s t a t e behavior of the p r o p e l l a n t a n d engine s y s t e m s of the command and s e r v i c e m o d u l e s .
A c o m p u t e r p r o g r a m f o r detailed a n a l y s i s of p r o p e l l a n t p r e s s u r i z a t i o n s y s t e m s will b e c o m p l e t e d during the next r e p o r t i n g p e r i o d . T h e d e t a i l e d a n a l y t i c a l data r e q u i r e d f o r propellant p r e s s u r i z a t i o n s y s t e m trade-off s t u d i e s will b e developed. The t e s t p r o g r a m s r e q u i r e d to provide b a s i c d a t a f o r a n a l y s e s , a n d to substantiate t h e m , will b e initiated. Weight a n d p e r f o r m a n c e optimization studies will be continued,
Rocket Engine S y s t e m s A s the r e s u l t of a s e r v i c e propulsion s y s t e m optimization study, t h e engine-nozzle expansion r a t i o i s i n c r e a s e d f r o m 40: 1 to 60: 1.
A study is c o m p l e t e d concerning the e f f e c t s of a s e r v i c e module m a i n engine p r o p e l l a n t valve f a i l u r e on e n g i n e - m i x t u r e r a t i o a n d o t h e r engine p e r f o r m a n c e p a r a m e t e r s . R e s u l t s of t h i s study indicated t h a t a n a d j u s t m e n t of the impedance r e l a t i o n s h i p between the fuel and o x i d i z e r s y s t e m s could g i v e a constant e n g i n e - m i x t u r e ratio even during f a i l u r e conditions. Howe v e r , a slight d e c r e a s e in engine t h r u s t would o c c u r .
An a n a l y s i s c o v e r i n g the e f f e c t s of h e l i u m e n t r a i n m e n t in the p r o p e l l a n t line s on s e r v i c e -module main-engine p e r f o r m a n c e is underway. Methods a r e under investigation to s e p a r a t e the g a s f r o m the propellant b e f o r e it e n t e r s the engine.
A t r a n s i e n t , one-dimensional, h e a t - t r a n s f e r a n a l y s i s i s under way t o d e t e r m i n e t e m p e r a t u r e g r a d i e n t s a n d the t i m e r e q u i r e d to r e a c h q u a s i - steadys t a t e conditions through the tower j e t t i ~ ~iiiutor a n d the launch e s c a p e m o t o r li grains.
17
S I D 62-300-6
NORTH A M E R I C A N AVIATION, INC.
A study is under w a y f o r investigation of v a r i o u s f a c t o r s affecting the l a u n c h e s c a p e motor t h r u s t - l i n e alignment. The f a c t o r s c o n s i d e r e d a r e a s y m m e t r i c and a x i s y m m e t r i c e r o s i o n , v a r i a t i o n of t h r u s t coefficient with nozzle g e o m e t r y , a s y m m e t r i c a n d a x i s y m m e t r i c nozzle s h o c k s , c h a m b e r p r e s s u r e p e r t u r b a t i o n s , v a r i a t i o n s of the specific h e a t r a t i o i n r e a l n o z z l e s , a n d g a s malalignment. An optimization study of the command module RCS utilizing a n ablative t h r u s t c h a m b e r is in p r o g r e s s , T h i s investigation is to d e t e r m i n e a n optimum weight s y s t e m and m a j o r c o r r e s p o n d i n g t h r u s t - c h a m b e r p a r a m e t e r s compatible with o v e r - a l l s y s t e m r e q u i r e m e n t s . An investigation of t h e r m a l effects on the s e r v i c e module RCS engine and the engine m a t e r i a l l i m i t s is in p r o g r e s s .
A p r e l i m i n a r y a n a l y s i s of the o p e r a t i n g c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s of the s e r v i c e module m a i n engine is c o m p l e t e . T h i s i n f o r m a t i o n , t o g e t h e r with p u l s e o p e r a t i o n c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s of the RCS e n g i n e s , is p r e s e n t l y being r e v i s e d .

An investigation of the RCS and main-engine p r o p e l l a n t - c o n s u m p t i o n r a t e s , f o r v a r i o u s operating conditions, is underway. The h e a t - t r a n s f e r a n a l y s i s of the Apollo s o l i d - p r o p e l l a n t m o t o r s will T h e investigation of the be continued during the next r e p o r t p e r i o d . c r i t i c a l p a r a m e t e r s affecting the l a u n c h - e s c a p e - m o t o r t h r u s t v e c t o r w i l l b e continued. An optimization study of the c o m m a n d - m o d u l e RCS will b e c a r r i e d out. An investigation into the a d a p t a t i o n of a c o m p u t e r p r o g r a m f o r u s e on ablative t h r u s t c h a m b e r s will be initiated, T h e study of the e f f e c t s of g a s e n t r a i n m e n t in the p r o p e l l a n t s on the s e r v i c e module m a i n engine will b e continued. Simulation of z e r o - g effects to d e t e r m i n e m e t h o d s of eliminating g a s e n t r a i n m e n t will b e included in t h i s study. T h e a n a l y s i s of the propell a n t consumption r a t e s a s a function of engine o p e r a t i n g conditions will b e continued. I n t e r f a c e Systems G a s p r o p e r t i e s in the c o m m a n d module RCS n o z z l e a n d nozzle extension a r e being calculated. T h i s i n f o r m a t i o n w i l l be u s e d in c a l c u l a t i o n of the exhaust plume heating a n d s i d e - t h r u s t f r o m the s c a r f e d n o z z l e . A study w a s m a d e with the following r e s u l t s : (1) d e s i g n c h a r t s w e r e developed showing the relationship between the r e q u i r e d blow-out p a n e l a r e a and the a d a p t e r length; ( 2 ) design c h a r t s w e r e developed f o r o p t i m i z a t i o n of the c o n f i g u r a t i o n utilizing a n i s e n t r o p i c spike for exhaust f l o w deflection; ( 3 ) a t w o - d i m e n s i o n a l w a t e r table simulation of the different i n t e r s t a g e c o n f i g u r a t i o n s w a s developed and o p e r a t e d to i l l u s t r a t e qualitatively the r e l a t i v e e f f e c t i v e n e s s
18
SID 62-300-6
co
of e a c h configuration; (4) t h e weight r e q u i r e m e n t s of solid p r o p e l l a n t s e p a r a t i o n r o c k e t s w e r e e s t i m a t e d . LES exhaust plume b o u n d a r i e s w e r e a l s o d e t e r m i n e d in o r d e r to evaluate the extent of tower impingement. T h e s e c o n t r i b u t e d to the r e d e s i g n of the LES m o t o r . A d e t a i l e d t e s t plan f o r the Tullahoma s i m u l a t i o n t e s t s of the s e r v i c e module RCS will be r e l e a s e d during t h e next r e p o r t p e r i o d , the IBM plume p r o g r a m will b e completed and LES t h r u s t deflection a n d plume heating of the c o m m a n d module a n d tower w i l l b e c o m p l e t e d f o r the l a t e s t configuration. SIMULATION EVALUATION AND COORDINATION Ablation T e s t s T h e f a b r i c a t i o n of two wedge -type a b l a t i o n s p e c i m e n s i n s t r u m e n t e d f o r t e m p e r a t u r e m e a s u r e m e n t w e r e c o m p l e t e d . T h e s e will b e exposed to the Mach 3 p l a s m a s t r e a m a t t h e F l a s m a d y n e C o r p o r a t i o n 1-megawatt facility. F o u r additional plug models a r e being f a b r i c a t e d f o r e x p o s u r e to a similar environment. G a s s a m p l e s w e r e obtained a n d a n a l y z e d f o r the study of the g a s c o m p o s i t i o n of the a b l a t i v e heat s h i e l d exposed to s i m u l a t e d t h e r m a l e n v i r o n m e n t s . T e s t i n g w a s c o m p l e t e d , a n d r e s u l t s w e r e s u b m i t t e d f o r evaluation, T e m p e r a t u r e C o n t r o l Coatings Development and optical t e s t s of the ECS f u e l - c e l l t h e r m a l - r a d i a t o r c o a t i n g s a r e u n d e r way and environmental t e s t s of candidate c o a t i n g s have b e e n initiated. S i m u l a t e d Space S p h e r e s E f f o r t on the 4-foot d i a m e t e r s p a c e s p h e r e is completed. evaluation will b e defined during the n e x t p e r i o d . T e s t and
T o o l , m a t e r i a l s , a n d f a b r i c a t i o n e s t i m a t e s f o r the s p a c e s p h e r e a r e c o m p l e t e . A r e p o r t is being p r e p a r e d . T e s t r e s u l t s on typical c o n s t r u c t i o n m a t e r i a l c o m p o s i t e s will b e r e l e a s e d when the t e s t data a r e available. A n t i - G r a v i t a t i o n a l Suspension P l a t f o r m E f f o r t on this p l a t f o r m is completed, a n d the unit is r e a d y f o r delivery.
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19
SID 62-300-6

b .
+3.
A~ollo Vision and Lighting Dome A p r e l i m i n a r y drawing of the g e n e r a l configuration r e q u i r e m e n t s f o r the Apollo vision a n d lighting dome is completed, although m a t e r i a l s call-out a n d d e t a i l s a r e still pending. The unit will ha+e a 20-foot o v e r - a l l h e i g h t , with a 33-foot reinforced, l a m i n a t e d d o m e , and a c i r c u l a r , 43-foot b a s e . Additional s p a c e i s being r e q u e s t e d f o r housing of this i t e m . Operational p r o c e d u r e s will be p r e p a r e d .
20
STTI 6 2 - 3 0 0 - 6
-IAL
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I
I
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INTEGRATION AND SYSTEM ANALYSIS (General Order 7122) CONFIGURATION CONTROL
. . # & + I #
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P r o g r e s s h a s been m a d e in the d e t e r m i n a t i o n of time-phasing f o r s p a r e s configurations compatible with v e h i c l e s f a b r i c a t e d a f t e r initial r e l e a s e s of s p a r e s equipment. T h e s e data will be u s e d i n configurationcontrol documentation. Changes i n the w a t e r - g l y c o l environmental control s y s t e m (ECS) circulating loop prevented r e l e a s e of the L i t t l e Joe-I1 i n t e r f a c e coordination documents (ICD). The p r e l i m i n a r y instrumentation unit ICD i s complete a n d will b e r e l e a s e d a s soon a s coordination with Huntsville i s complete. Work i s under way on the White Sands gantry and Little Joe-I1 i n t e r f a c e . The original list of interfaces i s being r e w o r k e d to r e f l e c t a m o r e c o m p r e h e n s i v e l i s t of i n t e r f a c e s by t i t l e , n u m b e r , and responsibility. T h i s list will be d i s t r i b u t e d and kept c u r r e n t . The functional s c h e m a t i c , indicating the i n t e r r e l a t i o n s h i p s of s y s t e m s on boilerplate 6 , i s now 7 0 p e r c e n t complete. All information h a s been obtained except f o r the s c h e m a t i c s f r o m NASA. The s y s t e m s p e r s p e c t i v e s drawing, "Configuration A r r a n g e m e n t for Boilerplate No. 1, I ' w a s r e l e a s e d . Command module drawings r e f l e c t the l a t e s t inboard profile changes f o r the l u n a r e x c u r s i o n module. The change f r o m 140 inches to 155 i n c h e s f o r the s e r v i c e module was incorporated into t h e s e drawings. Revisions in b o i l e r p l a t e 20 a r e being incorporated into boilerplate 6 , The inboard p r o f i l e f o r boilerplate 3 was dropped. Marking drawings and three-view drawings of b o i l e r p l a t e s I , 2 , 3 , 5, and 19 a r e scheduled f o r r e l e a s e during the next r e p o r t i n g period. SYSTEMS INTEGRATION A c o m m i t t e e i s e s t a b l i s h e d f o r the installation of Apollo e l e c t r o n i c s y s t e m s , c o n t r o l s , and displays. A concept f o r p e r f o r m a n c e of s y s t e m s -compatibility -and-inte grated checkout of e l e c t r o m a g n e t i c i n t e r f e r e n c e t e s t s h a s been established. T h i s concept r e q u i r e s the utilization of a l a r g e shielded enclosure capable of accommodating the s p a c e c r a f t and a building - block technique of s p a c e c r a f t -vicinity che ckout equipment
0
21
SIS 6 2 - 3 0 0 - 6
Instrumentation d i s c r e p a n c i e s i n information f r o m NASA on boiler p l a t e s 6 , 12, 20, 21, and 23 w e r e recapitulated with NASA. Meetings w e r e a l s o held to resolve the umbilical l i s t s f o r the a b o r t b o i l e r p l a t e s . The u m b i l i c a l - a r m study f o r the s e r v i c e tower of complex 39 h a s been reviewed, and the umbilical plug f o r the b o i l e r p l a t e s h a s been chosen. P h y s i c a l , functional, environmental, and operational i n t e r f a c e s a r e e s t a b l i s h e d . The m a j o r portions of the physical i n t e r f a c e a r e defined and documented. The functional, environmental, and operational i n t e r f a c e definitions a r e s t a r t e d . Twelve different i n t e r f a c e p r o b l e m s involving the stabilization and control s y s t e m (SCS) and navigation a n d guidance studies a r e being m o n i t o r e d and investigated. P r i o r i t y i s being given to the propulsion, SCS, and navigation and guidance r e q u i r e m e n t s during navigational sightings; and to the r o l e the navigation and guidance computer will play i n i n t e g r a t e d checkout of the navigation and guidance a n d stabilization and c o n t r o l s y s t e m s . Work i s being done on a digital-computer p r o g r a m f o r s y s t e m i n t e r f a c e analysis. A p r o g r a m f o r l o g i c - c i r c u i t a n a l y s i s h a s a l s o been w r i t t e n . Work i s under way on the .preparation of a n i n t e r f a c e a n a l y s i s document f o r all mechanical s y s t e m s . T h i s document will be u s e d to r e c o r d I n t e r f a c e drawings on the "Q" ball a r e r e l e a s e d . all i n t e r f a c e evaluations. Analysis of the e l e c t r o - e x p l o s i v e devices r e s u l t e d i n a r e o r i e n t a t i o n of the application of exploding bridge w i r e and h o t - w i r e i n i t i a t o r s . Hot-wire i n i t i a t o r s will be utilized i n all p r e s e n t l y e s t a b l i s h e d s p a c e c r a f t applications with the exception of the launch e s c a p e s y s t e m ( L E S ) propulsion s y s t e m .
A .preliminary checkout p r o c e d u r e f o r the ECS h a s been p r e p a r e d and is now being revised.

Information concerning i n t e g r a t e d - sy s t e m - che ckout r e q u i r e m e n t s f o r boilerplace 6 was r e l e a s e d . A list of ground r u l e s w a s p r e p a r e d f o r selection of the m e a s u r e m e n t points to be u s e d by GSE during i n t e g r a t e d - sy s t e m checkout . Requir emer,t s f o r s y s t e m - pha s ing checks during i n t e g r a t e d - s y s t e m checkout a r e being p r e p a r e d , and a document h a s been p r e p a r e d to provide the ground r u l e s f o r p l a c a r d s and l i m i t a t i o n s guides. Definition of the d a t a - t r a n s m i s s i o n s y s t e m f o r AMR i s p r o g r e s s i n g . Requirements for a n i n t e g r a t e d checkout of boilerplate 6 will be complete during the next r e p o r t p e r i o d . The f i r s t d r a f t of the i n t e r f a c e specification f o r Little Joe-I1 will be r e l e a s e d . The f o r m a t f o r the Interface Analysis Document will be e s t a b l i s h e d . A list of all i n t e r f a c e s will be p r e p a r e d in o r d e r to define the o v e r a l l i n t e r f a c e - a n a l y s i s e f f o r t .
D
22
SID 6 2 - 3 0 0 - 6
-4MHWTIAL
Y
coTEST INTEGRATION Measurement L i s t s
'"
Operational m e a s u r e m e n t l i s t s w e r e completed f o r a i r f r a m e s 007, 0 1 0, and 011 to d e t e r m i n e the s i z e of the pulse-code modulation s y s t e m . The n u m b e r of channels f o r e a c h sample r a t e and s i z e of the s y s t e m have been d e t e r m i n e d . T h i s information w a s u s e d by the subcontractor i n p r e p a r i n g a r e q u e s t f o r bid. A p a r a m e t e r numbering s y s t e m h a s been devised. T h i s s y s t e m will automatically control the m e a s u r e m e n t l i s t s f o r all v e h i c l e s and will f a c i l i t a t e the automatic data reduction and t r a n s m i t t a l of up-to-date l i s t s to NASA at Houston, Cape Canaveral a n d to all i n t e r e s t e d s u b c o n t r a c t o r s . H e a t Shield P r o g r a m The p r o p o s a l to augment the p r e s e n t t h e r m a l - p r o t e c t i o n - s y s t e m t e s t p r o g r a m with a m o r e comprehensive h e a t - s h i e l d development p r o g r a m is well under way. Propulsion System Test Plan A p r e l i m i n a r y detailed t e s t plan w a s p r e p a r e d and submitted f o r the propulsion t e s t s on a i r f r a m e 001 t o a i d in justification of t h e facility a t White S a n d s . T h i s plan willundergo revision as f u r t h e r t e s t s a n d r e q u i r e m e n t s a r e received. T e s t R e q u i r e m e n t s f o r Various Vehicles T e s t r e q u i r e m e n t s have been r e q u e s t e d a n d a r e being g a t h e r e d f o r the pad a b o r t , boilerplate 13, house s p a c e c r a f t and propulsion s p a c e c r a f t . I n t e g r a t i o n Studies A f i n a l r e p o r t on the feasibility of utilizing a s e r v i c e module with a 260-inch b a s e will be completed during the next r e p o r t p e r i o d . A study of the RCS throughout the lunar-landing m i s s i o n will be c o m p l e t e d during the next period. P r o g r a m Integration Engineering
Pn aiialysis is being conducted of the prelaunch o p e r a t i o n s d i r e c t o r , g e n e r a t e d AMR ground operational flow d i a g r a m .
23
SID 62-300-6
SPACE and I N F O R M A T I O N S Y S T E M S D I V I S I O N
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Work continues on the long-range study p r o g r a m concerning the effect of the Apollo s p a c e c r a f t configuration on m i s s i o n s u c c e s s . The m i s s i o n f a i l u r e a n a l y s i s p r o g r a m continues. The effects of component f a i l u r e s i n a given m i s s i o n o r s y s t e m a r e being analyzed. A reevaluation is being m a d e of e l e c t r i c a l loads r e q u i r e m e n t s to r e d u c e the peak and average-power r e q u i r e m e n t s by m e a n s of a c a r e f u l a n a l y s i s a n d phasing of equipment duty cycles. The r e s u l t s will be p r e s e n t e d to NASA during the next reporting period. P R O J E C T REQUIREMENTS The S u m m a r y Definitions and Objectives Document h a s been r e l e a s e d with r e v i s i o n s according to NASA's r e d i r e c t i o n . T h i s r e v i s i o n was to i n c o r p o r a t e the lunar -orbiting rendezvous concept, without l u n a r e x c u r s i o n module integration and a r e v i s e d m a s t e r phasing schedule, which depicts the deletion of the second-stage s e r v i c e module. The Apollo Mission R e q u i r e m e n t s and Apollo S p a c e c r a f t R e q u i r e m e n t s Specifications have been r e o r i e n t e d and r e l e a s e d . They now r e f l e c t the l u n a r o r b i t a l rendezvous m i s s i o n without l u n a r e x c u r s i o n module integration. A r e p o r t on the feasibility of a 260-inch-base s e r v i c e module h a s been s e n t to NASA. The lunar e x c u r s i o n module i n t e r f a c e study h a s been coordinated; a n Apollo l u n a r excursion module c o m b i n e d - s y s t e m s c h e m a t i c and i n t e r f a c e a r e defined; and a p r e l i m i n a r y Apollo l u n a r e x c u r s i o n module i n t e r f a c e specification is completed. F o r m a l changes have been initiated f o r the C a t e g o r y - I , 11, and I11 weight reduction changes. T h e s e involve change of the ECS to 5 . 0 p s i p u r e oxygen a t m o s p h e r e , elimination of the i m p a c t attenuation s y s t e m , and installation of five windows. The Apollo Effectiveness Optimization Study P l a n i s in u s e . A r e p o r t h a s been r e l e a s e d d e s c r i b i n g the A l g e b r a i c Logic Investigation of Apollo S y s t e m s (ALIAS) m e t h o d and i t s application to contingent operations a n a l y s i s , The s u m m a r y definitions and o b j e c t i v e s document will be r e v i s e d , a s r e q u i r e d , to r e f l e c t changes in p r o g r a m d i r e c t i o n . The s u m m a r y definitions and objectives f o r m o c k - u p s , b o i l e r p l a t e s , s p a c e c r a f t , e v a l u a t o r s , s i m u l a t o r s , t e s t f i x t u r e s , a n d t r a i n e r s will be r e l e a s e d during the next r e p o r t period.
.,
24
SID 6 2 - 3 0 0 6
-TIAL
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Documents applicable to the c o n t r a c t will be t e s t e d and d e l i v e r e d to NASA. A plan-of-action f o r the e s t a b l i s h m e n t of a critical matching s p a c e c r a f t - s u p p o r t p a r t s l i s t i s being p r e p a r e d . The Apollo ground o p e r a t i o n s r e q u i r e m e n t s specification will be r e l e a s e d . T h i s specification will include the system-flow-and-checkout concept f o r AMR o p e r a t i o n s . MATERIALS AND PRODUCIBILITY
A s u r v e y of sealing m a t e r i a l s and methods f o r n i t r o u s tetroxide r e v e a l e d that all existing organic- sealing m a t e r i a l s ( p a r t i c u l a r l y e l a s t o m e r s ) have a r e l a t i v e l y high p r e s s u r e to n i t r o u s t e t r o x i d e , which i n c r e a s e s rapidly with a t e m p e r a t u r e above 7 0 F. S&ID d e t e r m i n e d that a suitable n i t r o u s t e t r o x i d e - r e s i s t a n t rubber m a y r e q u i r e two to t h r e e y e a r s of developm e n t a l work. A t e s t plan to determine the single and combined effects of h a r d v a c u u m and ionizing radiation i s being p r e p a r e d . S &ID h a s c o n f i r m e d the feasibility of machining the crew hatch design f e a t u r e s of the c o m m a n d module, e i t h e r by conventional Hydro-Tel milling m a c h i n e s o r by five-axis tape-controlled m a c h i n e s . Numerous p r o p o s e d p a r t s and drawings w e r e reviewed involving the u s e of titanium i n welded p a r t s and titanium machined f r o m b a r stock.
The differential equations for a toroidal shell have been derived, Assumptions have been m a d e a s follows: (1) the deflections a r e r e l a t i v e l y s m a l l ; (2) the t h i c k n e s s of the shell i s small i n c o m p a r i s o n to the r a d i i ; ( 3 ) plane sections r e m a i n plane; (4) t h e r m a l g r a d i e n t s e x i s t both radially and along the s u r f a c e ; (5) the loading i s non-uniform; ( 6 ) the f l e x u r a l and extensional p r o p e r t i e s of the shell a r e not constant. The differential equations f o r the s p h e r e and the cone have been obtained by the differential equations. The d i f f e r e n t i a l equations have been expanded into a finite difference f o r m f o r solution on a digital computer. The finite difference equations, a s w r i t t e n , a r e f o r equal differences and a r e v a l i d f o r continuous functions.
I
The boundary conditions for the shell have been f o r m u l a t e d and expanded into a difference f o r m . The t o r o i d and s p h e r e will be a s s o c i a t e d by t h e conditions of compatibility and equilibrium. At the p r e s e n t t i m e , the stiffness matrix f o r the heat shield i s being f o r m u l a t e d , and the programming of stiffness matrix is beginning. T h e r m a l shock testing of b r a z e d honeycomb t e s t s p e c i m e n s i s underway. It i s e x p e c t e d that the eighteen specimens ( t h r e e f r o m e a c h of six different p a r e n t panels) will be completed during the next r e p o r t period. An outline of a p p r o p r i a t e design techniques w i l l be compiled. F u t u r e w o r d on the h e a t shield p'obleiii w i i i involve p r o g r a m m i n g f o r the IBM 7090 digital c o m p u t e r and p r o g r a m checkout.
25
SID 6 2 3 0 0 - 6
A p r o g r a m will be w r i t t e n f o r a shell-and-loading condition which h a s a n existing solution and a n a n a l y s i s method whose validity c a n be checked. The a n a l y s i s method will a l s o be checked a g a i n s t t e s t data. STRUCTURAL SUPPORT
The evaluation of R o s a n i n s e r t s f o r use in Apollo a t t a c h m e n t s continued; comprehensive data will be i s s u e d i n the i m m e d i a t e future. A statistical a n a l y s i s of the deviations of the b u r s t p r e s s u r e s of p r e s s u r e v e s s e l s was under taken. A s u m m a r y i s being p r e p a r e d of environmental conditions which Apollo f i n i s h e s and coatings will be r e q u i r e d to withstand. This s u m m a r y will be f o r u s e in the t e s t of f i n i s h e s f o r h i g h - s t r e n g t h f a s t e n e r s . A study was initiated to d e t e r m i n e the non-ablative insulation r e q u i r e m e n t s in the command and s e r v i c e modules. A special heat shield c a s e i s being p r o g r a m m e d to v e r i f y the a n a l y s i s method presently being investigated. Investigation of loading s i m p l e aluminum panels i s c o m p l e t e . Information on t o r o i d a l filament-wound f i b e r g l a s s tankage h a s been obtained. Effort i n the field of Apollo f a s t e n e r s i s continuing. R e s e a r c h i s being conducted concerning the u s e of heli-coil i n s e r t s in primary structure. A p r e l i m i n a r y investigation into the u s e of f a s t e n e r s m a d e of the m a r a g i n g s t e e l s h a s begun.
COMMAND MODULE Metal-section d e t e r m i n a t i o n s f o r the e s c a p e - l a u n c h l e g - w e l l c a s t i n g s on the h e a t shield w e r e completed. A study w a s i n i t i a t e d to d e t e r m i n e the m a t e r i a l s which m a y impinge on the c o m m a n d module ( u r i n e , p r o p e l l a n t s ) a n d t h e i r effect on c o m m a n d module components ( a b l a t o r , windows 1.
The development of a Chem-Mill etchant s y s t e m f o r Haynes Alloy No. 25 i s underway. Etchant composition and c o n t r o l r a n g e s , including bath a n a l y s i s and s u r f a c e f i n i s h , a r e being d e t e r m i n e d .
26-
SID 6 2 - 3 0 0 - 6
co0
I
The cryogenic testing of silicone r u b b e r compounds f o r c o m m a n d module flex mounts was completed on schedule, and the final r e p o r t waL' r e l e a s e d. The f i r s t Rene-41 honeycomb sandwich panel was s a l t - b a t h b r a z e d . The L a d i s h P a c i f i c and R e i s n e r Companies have supplied r o l l e d - r i n g 2014-T6 forgings f o r the evaluation of mechanical p r o p e r t i e s and welding capabilities. T h e s e r i n g s a r e r e p r e s e n t a t i v e of the r i n g s to be u s e d i n the i n n e r s t r u c t u r e of the command module. L a d i s h P a c i f i c has a l s o supplied f o r g e d billets of the s a m e m a t e r i a l to s i m u l a t e the longerons. A definition w a s w r i t t e n f o r m i n i m u m sandwich facing gages , a d h e s i v e bond line weights (including specification of adhesive type), l i m i t i n g s e r v i c e t e m p e r a t u r e s , and m i n i m u m sandwich c o r e weights and configurations wa s w r i t t e n
All of the s p e c i m e n s have been radiographically inspected. The m i c r o s t r u c t u r e i s being examined so t h a t l o s s of p r o p e r t i e s during welding c a n be c o r r e l a t e d with g r a i n size a n d orientation. A notch (breakaway stud design) t o r s i o n - s t r e n g t h t e s t w a s p e r f o r m e d on 25 breakaway s t u d i e s , and a s e r i e s of v a l u e s w e r e determined. T h e r m a l shock testing will be s t a r t e d on 28 honeycomb test s p e c i m e n s ( t h r e e taken f r o m e a c h of six different p a r e n t panels). SERVICE MODULE A detail of titanium p r e s s u r e v e s s e l s design and f a b r i c a t i o n m e t h o d s f o r titanium p r e s s u r e v e s s e l s has been completed. A t e s t plan i s under way to evaluate candidate m a t e r i a l s f o r the r e a c t i o n control j e t flame deflector m a t e r i a l s . The f e a s i b i l i t y of reducing the weight of the RCS by using a l i g h t e r honeycomb panel is being studied. A p r o g r a m to evaluate p r o g r e s s and feasibility of the M a r q u a r d t d i s i l i c i d e coating f o r the r o c k e t nozzles i s i n p r o g r e s s . Information r e g a r d i n g the t h e r m a l conditions, fuel t e m p e r a t u r e , and o t h e r significant d a t a i s being g a t h e r e d - -
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A dozen q u a r t e r - s c a l e d r o p t e s t s into d r y sand have been completed, using v e r t i c a l flight path only, h e a t s h i e l d up. ATR-202, outline of the flotation t e s t p r o g r a m f o r boilerplate 8 , i s i n p r e p a r a t i o n . Model calculations w e r e g e n e r a t e d concerning the effects on bending m o d e s of the S-IV - Apollo combination with and without the LES. During the next r e p o r t p e r i o d , t e s t r e q u i r e m e n t s will be w r i t t e n f o r the A rough d r a f t of the combined s p a c e fuel and oxidizer tank-joint t e s t s . radiation and hard v a c m m t e s t plan i s being p r e p a r e d . The engineering development l a b o r a t o r i e s p r o g r a m to develop and to evaluate a finish f o r V a s c o m a x 250 and 300 and Vascojet 1000 high-strength f a s t e n e r s i s scheduled f o r completion. S t r u c t u r e s data a r e being p r e p a r e d for 2014-T6 a l l o y s h e e t (. 040 inches to . 5 0 0 i n c h e s ) f o r t e m p e r a t u r e s ranging f r o m r o o m t e m p e r a t u r e t o 400F. Work i s continuing on the e s t a b l i s h m e n t of design allowables on phenylsilane reinforced f i b e r g l a s s l a m i n a t e . LOADS AND CRITIERIA Launch E s c a p e S y s t e m L o a d s for m a x q t h r u s t i n g a b o r t and f o r v a c u u m a b o r t , both with a n d without tumbling, a r e complete f o r the p a s s i v e s y s t e m . T h e s e l o a d s a r e f o r a n 8 920 pound c o m m a n d module and 135,000 pounds axial t h r u s t . They include the effect of a 250 d e g r e e - p e r - s e c o n d tumbling r a t e . T h i s r a t e gives a n i n c r e m e n t of 6g E B I a c c e l e r a t i o n to the a s t r o n a u t s , i n c r e m e n t s of 5 7 , 000 pound tension load, and up to 340,000 i n c h e s / p o u r d s bending m o m e n t i n the tower. Work i s s t a r t i n g on a configuration with a 9 , 250 pound c o m m a n d module a n d 160,000 pounds t h r u s t . Studies of the effect of s t r u c t u r a l deflection on t h r u s t v e c t o r orientation during the a b o r t sequence show t h a t the e f f e c t i v e t h r u s t v e c t o r inclination changes l e s s than 0. 1 d e g r e e . The effect of s t r u c t u r a l deflection on thrust v e c t o r o r i e n t a t i o n during the a b o r t sequence i s being studied. C o n s i d e r a t i o n i s being given to l a t e r a l ,
I
longitudinal, and angular deflections. Deflections of the launch e s c a p e m o t o r during t r a n s p o r t a t i o n without shock attenuation w e r e computed.
28
SID 62-300-6
-TIAL
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L o a d s f o r a b o r t conditions at m a x i m u m q i n a v a c u u m have been computed, using existing weight and a e r o d y n a m i c d a t a with the new 120, 000 pound t h r u s t . Auxiliary (kicker) t h r u s t v a l u e s of 3400 pounds and6000 pounds w e r e u s e d along with b a l l a s t weights of 375 pounds, 750 pounds, and 1500 pounds. The m a x i m u m q tumbling conditions w e r e computed with full t h r u s t at all a n g l e s of attack. New weight and i n e r t i a data have been r e c e i v e d a n d will be i n c o r p o r a t e d into f u t u r e computations. The effect of tower flexibility on the e s c a p e - m o t o r t h r u s t - v e c t o r alignment, stability, a n d control is being investigated. Results of this study will be i n c o r p o r a t e d i n the d y n a m i c - t r a j e c t o r y computer p r o g r a m . A p r o g r a m i s being written to compute the r e l a t i v e motion between the command module and launch e s c a p e s y s t e m at the t i m e of jettison. T h i s will d e t e r m i n e the n e c e s s a r y c l e a r a n c e a r o u n d the tower -to-command module fittings
Boost l o a d s f o r four configurations, using a 260-inch d i a m e t e r s e r v i c e module, have been evaluated f o r trade-off studies. An investigation of l o a d s i n the payload a r e a during t r a n s i e n t lift-off conditions i s under way. Using the Apollo t e s t group flexibility coefficients f o r the t o w e r , f r e q u e n c i e s a n d m o d e shapes have been computed on S a t u r n C-5 second s t a g e and the Apollo e s c a p e tower and r o c k e t on the t h r e e - s t a g e - t c - e s c a p e configuration. Space Radiation The calculated p r o c e d u r e s w e r e completed f o r determining secondary r a d i a t i o n f r o m n e u t r o n s a n d protons induced i n the s p a c e c r a f t walls by p r i m a r y s o l a r protons. A study of proton damage m e c h a n i s m s i n semiconductors h a s been s t a r t e d concerning the radiation h a z a r d s s y s t e m f o r Apollo. To show t i s s u e shielding i n e a c h c o m m a n d module division, a g r a p h of a p r i m a r y proton dose h a s been p r e p a r e d . F r o m the depth and body c u r v e s , total dose i s being calculated. D o s e - r a t e equations have been developed f o r the evaluation of secondary evaporative protons.
Ana.lytical rr,ethsds c e r e develvped f o r caicuiation of the t o l e r a n c e of photographic film to i r r a d i a t i o n by e l e c t r o n s , p r o t o n s and X - r a y s , i f the t o l e r a n c e to any one of t h e s e f o r m s of r a d i a t i o n i s known at one level.
rcl
29
SID 62-300-6
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Data w e r e obtained f r o m Kodak R e s e a r c h L a b o r a b o r y on X - r a y sensitivity and the e f f e c t s of fog on i m a g e resolution f o r s e v e r a l types of aerographic film, Body L o a d s Investigations of steady s t a t e and buffet a e r o d y n a m i c p r e s s u r e a r e being conducted for the s e r v i c e module. NASA h a s provided steady s t a t e data f o r a m a x i m u m q t r a j e c t o r y . T h e s e a r e being c o r r e l a t e d with t o t a l n o r m a l - f o r c e data. Buffet p r e s s u r e data obtained f r o m r e c e n t wind-tunnel t e s t s a r e being reduced. The analysis of t r a n s i e n t t r a n s v e r s e l o a d s a t lift-off h a s produced s o m e v e r y l a r g e loads a t the c o m m a n d module/ s e r v i c e module i n t e r f a c e , but t h i s p r o g r a m does not c o r r e l a t e with a t e s t c a s e . This f a c t a n d input data a r e being checked f o r e r r o r , Boost load f o r four configurations, using a s e r v i c e module of 200inch d i a m e t e r , have been evaluated f o r trade-off studies. An investigation of l o a d s i n the payload a r e a during t r a n s i e n t lift-off conditions i s being conducted.
30
SID 6 2 - 3 0 0 - 6
/N O R T H A M E R I C A N A V I A T I O N , INC.
coR E LIABILITY (General Order 7 123)

SERVICE MODULE REACTION CONTROL SYSTEM (RCS)
: -
Reliability engineering has completed a detailed evaluation of four configurations of the s e r v i c e module r e a c t i o n control s y s t e m . The configurations investigated a r e a dual s y s t e m composed of t w o redundant p r o p e l l a n t supply s u b s y s t e m s supplying four c l u s t e r s of four engines each; a t r i p l e s y s t e m composed of four individual and independent propellant supply s u b s y s t e m s , e a c h of which supplies one c l u s t e r of s i x engines each; a quad s y s t e m composed of four individual and independent propellant supply s u b s y s t e m s , e a c h of which supplies one c l u s t e r of four engines each; a quad-plus-one s p a r e s y s t e m identical to the n o r m a l quad s y s t e m but with a complete propellant supply subsystem and engine c l u s t e r a s a n independent spare. QUARTERLY RELIABILITY STATUS R E F O R T The q u a r t e r l y reliability status r e p o r t w a s completed and will be d e l i v e r e d to NASA. The r e p o r t includes reliability s t u d i e s , design a n a l y s e s , d e s i g n r e v i e w s , and planned activities. QUALIFICATION- RELIABILITY TES T PLAN The qualification-reliability t e s t plan w a s r e v i s e d and t r a n s m i t t e d to NASA f o r approval. A t e s t accounting plan f o r m a j o r components of the s p a c e c r a f t w a s completed a s a supplement. This plan includes the number of t e s t s a m p l e s r e q u i r e d , schedule information, e n v i r o n m e n t s , types of t e s t s to be conducted, and a delineation of t e s t objectives. OXYGEN ATMOSPHERE STUDY A review is being conducted to define the effects of a 5 - p s i oxygen a t m o s p h e r e on m a t e r i a l s contemplated for u s e i n the command module. The m a t e r i a l s a r e being categorized according to the type of possible p r o b l e m s ( s u c h a s possible f i r e h a z a r d , hazardous g a s e s , e t c . ) and the effects on c r e w s u r v i v a l and m i s s i o n s u c c e s s . T e s t p r i o r i t i e s w i l l be e s t a b l i s h e d , a n d t e s t s w i l l be conducted to evaluate these conditions. SUPERCRITICAL GAS STORAGE SYSTEM
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A r e l i a b i l i t y a n a l y s i s of five prqxse! CSnfigGratisiis i o r m e s u p e r c r i t i c a l g a s s t o r a g e s y s t e m w a s completed. The r e c o m m e n d e d
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SID 62-300-6
configuration involves the u s e of dual oxygen s y s t e m s supplying the e l e c t r i c a l power s y s t e m and the environmental control s y s t e m and dual hydrogen s y s t e m s supplying the e l e c t r i c a l power s y s t e m . RELIABILITY PROCEDURES AND EDUCATION L e c t u r e s on the fundamentals of r e l i a b i l i t y m a t h e m a t i c s a r e continuing and a r e being expanded to include Apollo engineering groups. A c o u r s e on computer methods f o r design a n a l y s i s is a l s o being conducted for Apollo personnel. REVIEW OF SUBCONTRACTOR DOCUMENTATION F i v e major s u b c o n t r a c t o r s specifications have b e e n reviewed f o r quality c o n t r o l adequacy. F r o m a quality c o n t r o l a s p e c t , t h r e e of the documents w e r e s a t i s f a c t o r y except f o r m i n o r exceptions a n d changes which have been recommended. F i e l d a n a l y s i s of subcontractor quality c o s t p r o p o s a l s w a s completed f o r A e r o j e t - Gene r a l Corporation. TRAINING AND CERTIFICATION T h e following training and c e r t i f i c a t i o n c o u r s e s a r e now being p r e sented to quality c o n t r o l inspection p e r s o n n e l :
( 1)
s p a c e - p r o g r a m orientation product inspection p r o c e d u r e s soldering c e r t i f i c a t i o n welding f ami1ia r iza t ion visual p e n e t r a n t inspection X - r a y readout
(2)
(3)
(4 )
(5)
(6)
A new quality a s s u r a n c e specification entitled " G e n e r a l R e q u i r e m e n t s f o r the Training a n d Certification of S u p p l i e r s P e r s o n n e l " is i n p r e p a r a t i o n . As a b a s i c policy, it will r e q u i r e t h a t a l l i t e m s d e l i v e r e d by s u b c o n t r a c t o r s a n d s u p p l i e r s will m e e t the s a m e s t a n d a r d s a s those employed a t S &ID.
32
SID 6 2 - 3 0 0 - 6
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IDENTIFICATION AND TRACEABILITY T h e identification a n d traceability quality a s s u r a n c e o p e r a t i n g p r o c e d u r e entitled "Lot N u m b e r s " h a s been c o m p l e t e d a n d is being r e v i e w e d by NASA. A 12 digit s e r i a l o r l o t n u m b e r w i l l b e u s e d f o r supplies a n d p a r t identification. T h e first five digits will identify individual s u p p l i e r s by the NASA s u p p l i e r identification n u m b e r and the r e m a i n i n g seven digits w i l l a s s u r e individual t r a c e a b i l i t y . T h e p r o c e d u r e o n lot a n d s e r i a l n u m b e r i n g , J - 4 0 6 , is p r e s e n t l y being r e w r i t t e n t o implement t h i s new s y s t e m . A l e t t e r h a s b e e n s e n t t o NASA e s t a b l i s h i n g the identification a n d t r a c e a b i l i t y s y s t e m concept. The l e t t e r includes a list of " G e n e r a l C a t e g o r y " p a r t s which will n o r m a l l y not r e q u i r e t r a c e a b i l i t y . A second l e t t e r is being p r e p a r e d r e q u e s t i n g that additional specific p a r t s b e included i n t h e "Exempt
Parts List".
QUALITY EVALUATION AND AUDIT Nineteen p e r f o r m a n c e audits w e r e conducted during t h i s p e r i o d , and c o r r e c t i v e a n d / o r preventive action w a s initiated o n 3 4 i t e m s . Action w a s c o m p l e t e d on nine i t e m s a n d r e m e d i a l a c t i o n w a s initiated on the r e m a i n d e r . T h r e e r e - a u d i t s w e r e conducted in p r e v i o u s l y d i s c r e p a n t a r e a s a n d a l l d e f i c i e n c i e s h a d b e e n c o r r e c t e d . The quality c o n t r o l l a b o r a t o r y Completed p r o d u c t a u d i t s on four p a r t s . All c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s evaluated w e r e found s a t i s f a c t o r y , a n d the p a r t s w e r e r e t u r n e d t o stock. DESIGN REVIEW Quality c o n t r o l participation in the d e s i g n / r e l i a b i l i t y a n a l y s i s p r o g r a m is p r o g r e s s i n g a t a n optimum r a t e c o n s i s t e n t with s y s t e m s and d e t e i l design status. SUPPLIER EVALUATIONS Nine s u p p l i e r s of p a r t s o r equipment w e r e s u r v e y e d , a n d t h e i r quality c o n t r o l d e p a r t m e n t s w e r e evaluated d u r i n g t h i s p e r i o d . F i v e w e r e a p p r o v e d , t h r e e d i s a p p r o v e d , and the rating of one t e m p o r a r i l y withheld until t h e i r quality c o n t r o l s y s t e m c o n f o r m s to S&ID r e q u i r e m e n t s . FABRICATION INSPECTION
DISCREPANT ITEMS
Command module aft bulkheads a r e being r e c e i v e d f r o m p u r c h a s e d l a b o r w i t h m a t e r i a l s r e v i e w action pending on defective welding. T h i s i t e m is e x p e c t e d to b e c l e a r e d soon by p r o c u r e m e n t of l a r g e r s h e e t s of m a t e r i a l to e l i m i n a t e weldifig s p e r a t i o n s .
33
SID 62- 300- 6
INSPECTION PLANNING P r o b l e m a r e a s have developed in the implementation of inspection t e s t i n s t r u c t i o n sheets p r i m a r i l y b e c a u s e of the l a c k of governing p r o c e d u r e s . C o r r e c t i v e action h a s b e e n taken by the i s s u a n c e of QEB 1 - 1 that gives g e n e r a l i n s t r u c t i o n s f o r the p r e p a r a t i o n and u s e of i n s p e c t i o n t e c h n i c a l i n s t r u c t i o n s sheets. An additional QEB is i n p r e p a r a t i o n a n d will be r e l e a s e d soon to f u r t h e r clarify the o p e r a t i o n . The n u m b e r of production o r d e r s h a s i n c r e a s e d c r e a t i n g a backlog of inspection t e c h n i c a l i n s t r u c t i o n s h e e t s . P r o c u r e m e n t and F a b r i c a t i o n quality c o n t r o l h a s i s s u e d a p p r o x i m a t e l y sixty p r o c e d u r e s covering inspection and t e s t p r o c e d u r e s to b e u s e d by the r e c e i v i n g inspec tion d e p a r t m e n t . SPEC I F ICAT IONS S&ID p r o c u r e m e n t s p e c i f i c a t i o n s a r e being reviewed by quality e n g i n e e r s . T h e s e r e v i e w s a s s u r e the inclusion of r e q u i r e m e n t s f o r applicable d o c u m e n t s , technical r e q u i r e m e n t s , quality a s s u r a n c e p r o v i s i o n s , a n d t e s t . Seven p r e l i m i n a r y p r o c u r e m e n t specifications on v a r i o u s co'mponents a n d s y s t e m s have been reviewed during t h i s p e r i o d . Existing quality c o n t r o l specifications a r e being r e v i e w e d and r e v i s e d to m e e t Apollo r e q u i r e m e n t s . T h i s h a s r e s u l t e d in one new a n d one r e v i s e d s p e c i f i c a t i o n during the r e p o r t p e r i o d , HARDWARE ACCEPTAWCE TESTING RESULTS Boilerplate 25 w a s completed. Initial t e s t s , p e r f o r m e d on plant p r o p e r t y in a plastic lined tank, w e r e o b s e r v e d a n d documented. Subsequent t e s t s w e r e p e r f o r m e d off- s h o r e n e a r Long B e a c h , C a l i f o r n i a , a n d r e s u l t s w e r e documented. A l l r e c o r d s have b e e n t r a n s m i t t e d to i n s p e c t i o n t e c h n i c a l service s.
34-
*%WUHTIAL
SID 6 2 - 3 0 0 - 6
CN OINSTRUMENTATION (General O r d e r 7 1 2 4 ) CONTROLS AND DISPLAYS Detail drawings of the main console b r e a d b o a r d subpanels w e r e completed, and f a b r i c a t i o n of the b r e a d b o a r d w a s begun.
An a n a l y s i s of the back-up e n t r y display p a r a m e t e r s w a s completed employing analog c o m p u t e r s . Schematic d i a g r a m s and functional d e s c r i p t i o n s of the r e q u i r e m e n t s of the controls and displays of all subsystems w e r e completed. LOWER EQUIPMENT BAY
It w a s d i s c o v e r e d that the s t r u c t u r a l kick r i n g in the lower equipment bay w i l l have to be strengthened. A study of the possibility of r e a r r a n g i n g the e l e c t r o n i c equipment in the lower equipment bay i s under way.
A m o c k - u p of the MIT layout of the navigation guidance and display p a n e l in the lower equipment bay is being r e v i s e d a c c o r d i n g to c u r r e n t MIT d e s i g n changes. ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERFERENCE The r e v i s e d electromagnetic i n t e r f e r e n c e (EM-I) r e q u i r e m e n t s , t o be i n c o r p o r a t e d in the Apollo general t e s t plan, w e r e compieteil; a n a tesi; r e q u i r e m e n t s f o r b o i l e r p l a t e s and a i r f r a m e s w e r e evaluated. The h a r d w a r e utilization l i s t of the e l e c t r o n i c i n t e r f a c e s equipment to be u s e d in s i m u l a t o r s , e v a l u a t o r s , t r a i n e r s , b o i l e r p l a t e s , mock-ups, and s p a c e c r a f t w a s completed. The f a b r i c a t i o n and development of t e s t logic simulation and switching c i r c u i t s f o r u s e with the in-flight t e s t s y s t e m h a s continued, and the r o l l s i m u l a t o r f o r TR-48 computer is under construction. The m i n i a t u r e c o n t r o l a n d d i s p l a y s y s t e m b r e a d b r o a d model is being modified to i m p r o v e p e r f o r m a n c e and i n c r e a s e reliability. A scaled-down b r e a d b o a r d of the in-flight t e s t s y s t e m is to be c o n s t r u c t e d during the next reporting period. NASA-furnished i n s t r u m e n t a t i o n i t e m s w i l l be delivered f o r a c c e p t a n c e testing a d calibration.
35
SID 6 2 - 3 0 0 - 6
p *
- 36 SID 6 2 - 3 0 0 - 6
I
. u . .
-1
. c cIIII * ) ..IIc
TRAINING AND SIMULATION ( G e n e r a l O r d e r 7125) TRAINING L o g i s t i c s a n d S y s t e m s T e s t combined into a working t e a m f o r the p u r p o s e of aligning the maintenance concept a n d the maintenance plan into a compatible division document. T h e l o g i s t i c s indoctrination p r o g r a m f o r new l o g i s t i c s e m p l o y e e s w a s c o m p l e t e d and the f i r s t p r e s e n t a t i o n made during the r e p o r t p e r i o d . Off - s i t e f a c i l i t i e s r e q u i r e m e n t s f o r s y s t e m s maintenance t r a i n i n g have b e e n submitted to the Apollo plant engineering d e p a r t m e n t . T r a i n i n g a n a l y s i s work s h e e t s ; h a v e b e e n c o m p l e t e d , They will a i d i n implementing the c o o r d i n a t e d task a n d s y s t e m s a n a l y s i s for p r e p a r a t i o n of c o u r s e s . The t r a i n i n g function has been s u b m i t t e d t o the t r a i n i n g equipm e n t design o r g a n i z a t i o n group.
I.
P r e p a r a t i o n of the logistics management t r a i n i n g p r o g r a m will b e c o m p l e t e d next week. T h e first p r e s e n t a t i o n i s scheduled f o r S e p t e m b e r 1962. ORGANIZATION AND PLANNING Organization c h a r t s and fcrmulatioli of objectives and t a s k d e s c r i p t i o n s w e r e completed, and a s p e c i a l t a s k t e a m h a s been s e t up to evaluate the Apollo s i m u l a t i o n complex facility r e q u i r e m e n t s . SIMULATION The F - 8 6 s i m u l a t o r in Building 3 is now o p e r a t i o n a l . study mock-up h a s been installed next to the s i m u l a t o r . The window
The following s i m u l a t i o n studies w e r e conducted o r initiated:

I
R e e n t r y S h o r t P e r i o d Dynamics O r b i t Attitude Dynamics Control Lunar O r b i t T r a n s i t i o n Dynamics T e r m i n a i Rendezvous (halted pending clarification of the lunar o r b i t rendezvous concept).
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- 37 SID 62-300-6

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Docking ( p r i m a r i l y docking dynamics using c l o s e d - c i r c u i t T V ) .

I
Special simulation s t u d i e s , encompassing full-space m i s s i o n and p a r t - s p a c e m i s s i o n s i m u l a t i o n s , have been e s t a l i s h e d to m a k e optimum u s e of available equipment and manpower. Instrumentation a n d c o n t r o l s a r e being installed in the window study mock-up. Changes w i l l be m a d e in the s i m u l a t o r e l e c t r o n i c s , and a lunar o r b i t a l rendezvous study w i l l s t a r t soon.
An evaluation of digital techniques f o r s p a c e c r a f t simulation w i l l be m a d e using a n IBM 7090 computer to s i m u l a t e a s e g m e n t of the Apollo stabilization and control s y s t e m .
- 38 SID 62-300-6
-AL

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.ru
.d
SPACECRAFT TEST OPERATIONS (Gener a1 Or d e r 7 12 6) HOUSE SPACECRAFT Checkout philosophy w a s presented to MIT engineering p e r s o n n e l during the r e p o r t period. PCM t e l e m e t r y checkout philosophy w a s established. The r e q u i r e m e n t s f o r the s c r e e n r o o m f o r r a d i o frequency i n t e r f e r e n c e established. P e r f o r m a n c e Specification for the PCM t e l e m e t r y s y s t e m checkout w i l l be p r e p a r e d . EARTH RECOVERY TESTS The p r e l i m i n a r y instrumentation and data r e q u i r e m e n t s l i s t f o r b o i l e r p l a t e 8 h a s been p r e p a r e d .
The i n f o r m a l s e a t r i a l s of boilerplate 25 to d e t e r m i n e g e n e r a l flotation and towing c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s w e r e monitored. This activity w a s conducted i n the Long Beach outer h a r b o r a r e a and w a s documented in a 10-minute motion p i c t u r e . A t the r e q u e s t of NASA, additional investigation of h i g h - p e r f o r m a n c e aircraft suitable f o r high-altitude prequalification flight d r o p testing h a s been halted. The investigations pertaining to balloons, h e l i c o p t e r s , and o t h e r methods of c a r r y i n g and releasing b o i l e r p l a t e s have been discontinued. T e s t planning on boilerplate 8 w i l l continue to define detailed t e s t plans and to a c c o m p l i s h the m a x i m u m number of t e s t objectives. Conferences with NASA a r e planned to d i s c u s s the v a r i o u s a s p e c t s of the r e c o v e r y m i s s i o n , its definition, and i t s effect on boilerplate 8 testing. ENVIRONMENTAL PROOF TESTS Major r e p r o g r a m m i n g of the environmental proof t e s t s h a s been a c c o m p l i s h e d i n conjunction with the p r o g r a m rescheduling. T o complete the e n t i r e environmental proof tests f o r e a r t h o r b i t a l flights p r i o r to m a n n e d f l i g h t s , the environmental vibration and a c o u s t i c t e s t s have been reprcgrarrArrAed LkFpL>v<6 . Eii\*iroiix*eiital c h a m b e r t e s t s w i i i be =r, 00 a c c o m p l i s h e d on AFRM 008.
- 39 SID 6 2 - 3 0 0 - 6
1-21
*e 8 *
The m a j o r effort during the next period w i l l be the coordination of detailed t e s t , support, and facility r e q u i r e m e n t s in conjunction with the p r e p a r a t i o n of detailed t e s t plans and over - a l l facility r e q u i r e m e n t s . The P E R T network will be r e v i s e d in a c c o r d a n c e with the environmental t e s t r epr o g r a m m i n g . SPACECRAFT TEST PREPARATION Effort w a s expended toward establishing and d e t e r m i n i n g operational r e q u i r e m e n t s f o r the s p a c e c r a f t f u e l c e l l and t e s t r e q u i r e m e n t s f o r the G S E / G F A E m e t e r r o o m equipment for Building 6A.
5 P r e l i m i n a r y checkout p r o c e d u r e s on R t D i n s t r u m e n t a t i o n s y s t e m s have been p r e p a r e d and submitted to engineering d e s i g n groups. Confer e n c e s w e r e held w i t h Apollo s y s t e m s engineering p e r s o n n e l to r e s o l v e p r o b l e m s of integrated s y s t e m s checkout p r o c e d u r e s .
GSE r e q u i r e m e n t s and d e l i v e r y d a t e s on b o i l e r p l a t e s 6, 12, 21, 2 2 , and 23 w e r e established. The i n t e r i m t e s t facility and Building 6A f a c i l i t y plans w i l l be reviewed during the next period. T e s t r e q u i r e m e n t s f o r the f i r s t b o i l e r p l a t e s to be p r o c e s s e d through the t e s t p r e p a r a t i o n a r e a will be completed. AFOLLO-SATURN OPERATIONS S&ID Apollo checkout flow concepts w e r e p r e s e n t e d to NASA at AMR. Many questions relating to checkout philosophies w e r e g e n e r a t e d by NASAPOD p e r s o n n e l for Apollo t e s t o p e r a t i o n s c o n s i d e r a t i o n , A p r e l i m i n a r y AMR work schedule f o r b o i l e r p l a t e s 13, 16, and A F R M s 0 0 7 , 010, and 011 h a s been completed and submitted to the P E R T group to e s t a b l i s h the AMR operations m i l e s t o n e s . The Apollo t e s t and operations d e t a i l r e q u i r e m e n t s f o r R & D instrumentation s y s t e m s checkout have been d e t e r m i n e d . Functional flow c h a r t s with a s s o c i a t e d t i m e i n t e r v a l s have been e s t a b l i s h e d f o r R D data and communication i n s t r u m e n t a t i o n s y s t e m s o p e r a t i o n a t AMR. Flow c h a r t s and work function c h a r t s f o r the C - 1 configuration w i l l be updated to r e f l e c t the l a t e s t checkout concepts f o r the Cape C a n a v e r a l M i s s i l e T e s t Annex ( i n t e r i m ) and the M e r r i t t I s l a n d f a c i l i t i e s . Functional flow c h a r t s with t i m e i n t e r v a l s w i l l be e s t a b l i s h e d f o r the R & D m e a s u r e m e n t s y s t e m for the AMR o p e r a t i o n s .
- 40 SID 62-300-6
L-
de-
-.
LAUNCH ABORT TESTS GSE r e q u i r e m e n t s f o r boilerplates 6 and 1 2 have been reviewed, and r e v i s i o n s have been incorporated to supply support to the p a r t i a l ECS a n d instrumentation s y s t e m . Electronic t e s t equipment r e q u i r e m e n t s to s u p p o r t the m i s s i o n a b o r t p r o g r a m a t WSMR have been submitted f o r inclusion i n SID 6 2 - 9 7 2 . Apollo T e s t and Operations r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s w i l l a s s i s t in d i r e c t i n g and monitoring the r e w o r k of the ALA3 s e r v i c e tower a t the WSMR. The RFWAR w i l l be r e v i s e d to r e f l e c t the p r o g r a m rescheduling and to i n c o r p o r a t e the s u p p o r t r e q u i r e m e n t s f o r a i r f r a m e s 0 0 2 , 009, and OO9A. DATA ENGINEERING The c a l i b r a t i o n data p r o g r a m outline w a s r e c e i v e d and the p e r t i n e n t g e n e r a l flow d i a g r a m h a s been p r e p a r e d . The m a s t e r m e a s u r e m e n t list p r o g r a m h a s been p r e p a r e d and is under going checkout. Life s y s t e m s data support r e q u i r e m e n t s have been r e s o l v e d . Two o p t i c a l f i l m reading s y s t e m s will be r e q u i r e d to support this activity. Photographic data reduction r e q u i r e m e n t s have been established f o r the prequalification flight d r o p t e s t s . A r e p r e s e n t a t i v e of Apollo data engineering monitored the fourth single m a i n p a r a c h u t e bomb d r o p a t the E l C e n t r o d r o p zone. Meetings have been held with the Apollo GSE and Apollo t e s t and o p e r a t i o n s p e r s o n n e l to establish GSE quantities to support all t e s t p r o g r a m s through September 1964. T h e s e efforts m u s t be r e c o n s i d e r e d to r e f l e c t the l a t e s t schedule changes. Checkout of the calibration data p r o g r a m w i l l be s t a r t e d ; the m a s t e r m e a s u r e m e n t list p r o g r a m w i l l be compiled; and reduction of the prequalification f l i g h t d r o p data w i l l be begun during the next r e p o r t p e r i o d .
I
Documentation of Downey, WSMR, and AMR operational a c i t i v i t i e s a n d t h e i r effect on the GSE configuration will be f u r t h e r a s s e s s e d . P r e p a r a t i o n of GOSS operations r e q u i r e m e n t s and documentation w i l l continue. P r e p a r a t i o n of GOSS m a t e r i a l f o r the f i r s t operational review meeting w i l l be accomplished.
- 41 SID 62-300-6

X u
- 42 SID 6 2 - 3 0 0 - 6
/
SPACE and INFORMATION SYSTEMS DIVISION

/
DOCUMENT ATION ( G e n e r a l O r d e r 7128)
The following S&ID documents w e r e published during the month of August: SID 62-806 T e s t a n d Module Information f o r Wind Tunnel T e s t s of an 0. 02-Scale F o r c e Model ( F S L - 1 ) of the Apollo in the AEDC V K F Wind Tunnels l l A l l , IlBll, a n d 'IC" T e s t a n d Model Information f o r Wind Tunnel T e s t s of a n 0 . 0 2 Scale F o r c e Model ( F S L - 1) of the Apollo in A m e s Wind Tunnels Data R e p o r t f o r Apollo P S - 4 Model i n the AEDC Hotshoot I1 Wind Tunnel
SID 62-805
SID 62-930
SID 62-834- 1 S u m m a r y of E a r t h Orbital Rendezvous Studies SID 62-841 P r e t e s t R e p o r t for 9. 08-Scale Apollo S t r u c t u r a l Dynamics Model (SD- 1) in the NASA Langley T r a n s o n i c Dynamics Wind Tunnel
SID 62-700- 1 Apollo Mission Specification SID 62-700-2 Apollo Spacecraft Specification
SID 62-1007
P r e t e s t R e p o r t for the 0. 05-Scale Apollo F o r c e Model in A m e s Unitary P l a n Wind Tunnel Apollo Drawing List T a b u l a r Data Report f o r Apollo Model (FS- 1) Wind Tunnel T e s t (SAL- 199) Data R e p o r t for Simulated J e t P l u m e s on the Apollo Model (FS- 1) Wind Tunnel T e s t (SAL 1208) Apollo Mission Analysis
SID 384- 11 SID 62-343
SID 62-1056
SID 62-379
SID 62-566-9 Apollo Still Photographs
SID 62- 1074 Data R e p o r t f o r Langley Unitary P l a n Wind Tunnel T e s t s r p r o j e c t 3 i $ j o 'Apoiio iviodei jFD-2j
4
. lY
- 43 SID 62-300-6
*H
SID 62- 1065
Data R e p o r t f o r Langley T P T Wind Tunnel T e s t s ( P r o j e c t 233) of Apollo Model ( F D - 2 ) Data R e p o r t f o r NAA Shock Tunnel T e s t s (ST-4) of Apollo Command Module Models H-6 a n d PS-6 Data R e p o r t f o r Apollo Model ( F S - 2 ) i n A m e s Unitary Plan Wind Tunnel Apollo Navigation a n d T r a j e c t o r y C o n t r o l T r a i n e r Data R e p o r t f o r Wind Tunnel T e s t s of Apollo Model F S - 4 in the AEDC Hotshot I1 Wind Tunnel Apollo Monthly P r o g r e s s R e p o r t Monthly Weight a n d Balance R e p o r t
SID 62-1072
SID 62-1063
SID 6 2 - 1091 SID 62-977
SID 62-300-5 SID 62-99-7
SID 62-384- 10 Drawing List SID 62-566-7 SID 62-995 P r o j e c t Apollo Still Photograph Submittal No. 7 Boilerplate 25 ( C o m m a n d Module) f o r Water R e c o v e r y P r o c e d u r e s a n d Handling Equipment Development Qualification
SID 62-204 SID 62-431-1 SID 62-627
Reliability T e s t Plan
Design C r i t e r i a Handbook ( S p a c e c r a f t ) Data R e p o r t f o r Apollo F o r c e Model ( F S - 2 ) in NAA T r i s o n i c Tunnel (TWT 74) T e s t a n d Model Information f o r Wind Tunnel T e s t s of a n 0. 105 Scale F o r c e Model ( F S - 2 ) of the Apollo i n A m e s Unitary P l a n Wind T u n n e l s Data R e p o r t f o r Apollo Model ( F S - 2 ) in A m e s Unitary Plan Wind Tunnels Apollo Still P h o t o s Quality C o n t r o l P l a n Apollo Motion P i c t u r e Documentation Submittal NO. 6 Radiation Shielding Status R e p o r t
SID 62-104
SID 62-778
SID 62-566-8 SID 62-154 SID 62-367-6 SID 62-821
- 44 SID 62-300-6
eo"0
T h e G e n e r a l T e s t P l a n (SID 62-109) i s being r e v i s e d a n d will be subm i t t e d to NASA on 30 September 1962. T r a i n i n g r e q u i r e m e n t s and training guides f o r GOSS o p e r a t i o n s p e r s o n nel a r e r e v i s e d a n d r e i s s u e d . S p a c e c r a f t s y s t e m s s c h e m a t i c s , d i a g r a m s , and handbooks a r e adapted a n d incorporated into training p a c k a g e s , A t the r e q u e s t of NASA, a plan of action to a c c o m p l i s h a n e a r l y p h a s e - i n of GOSS o p e r a t i o n s p e r s o n n e l ( s p a c e c r a f t s y s t e m s m o n i t o r s ) i s complete and was reviewed a t the GOSS meeting.
A study of the data display r e q u i r e m e n t s f o r s p a c e c r a f t s y s t e m s a t r e m o t e s i t e s h a s been published. Work is continuing on studies f o r data display r e q u i r e m e n t s a t the Integrated Mission C o n t r o l C e n t e r a t Houston a n d the Launch C o n t r o l C e n t e r a t Cape C a n a v e r a l .
The Mission Abort T e s t Support Requirements document (SID 62-972) is published.
A p r e l i m i n a r y m e a s u r e m e n t s list f o r boilerplate 8 is r e l e a s e d . The S&ID specification electromagnetic i n t e r f e r e n c e c o n t r o l f o r the Apollo s p a c e s y s t e m is r e v i s e d and r e l e a s e d .
A r e v i s i o n to SID 62-98 NASA Support Manual G e n e r a l Style and Quality R e q u i r e m e n t s is complete. Distribution will be a c c o m p l i s h e d during the next r e p o r t period.
- 45 SID 6 2 - 3 0 0 - 6
srrrmrnr
I . *-
- 46 SID 62-300-6
Y T t A L
S P A C E and INFORMATION S Y S T E M S DIVISION
CN OPROGRAM MANAGEMENT ( G e n e r a l O r d e r 7 129)
-0..
.-
. . . L - * *B
Amendment Number 9 was r e c e i v e d and executed by S&ID during the r e p o r t p e r i o d . T h i s amendment added $30 m i l l i o n to Apollo funding for a total of $115 m i l l i o n . Briefing c h a r t s and c o s t information w e r e c o m p i l e d , tabulated, and p r e s e n t e d to NASA at S&ID. C o n t r a c t change authorizations have b e e n p r e p a r e d f o r the following: Change of launch e s c a p e s y s t e m f r o m a c t i v e to p a s s i v e t h r u s t vector control system. Change of c a b i n a t m o s p h e r e t o 5 p s i a p u r e oxygen a n d deletion of nitrogen s y s t e m provisions, Modification of e a r t h landing s y s t e m . A s u m m a r y of engineering t a s k s c a u s e d by redefining the l u n a r o r b i t a l r e n d e z v o u s m i s s i o n concept w a s submitted to NASA. PROGRAM PHASING T h e NASA-S&ID schedule e x e r c i s e w a s complete on 9 August. A g r e e m e n t s w e r e r e a c h e d on the key h a r d w a r e completion d a t e s and the scheduled l a u n c h d a t e s through the first manned e a r t h o r b i t a l flight. Key h a r d w a r e c h a n g e s a r e a s follows: 1. Deletion of b o i l e r p l a t e 20 Deletion of AFRM 007 Addition of AFRM 009A a s back-up f o r AFRM 009 R e v i s i o n of m i s s i o n for AFRM 011 f r o m first manned e a r t h o r b i t a l s p a c e c r a f t to f i r s t m a n n e d e a r t h o r b i t a l o r unmanned e a r t h orbital spacecraft R e v i s i o n of m i s s i o n f o r AFRM 012 f r o m back-up f o r A F R M 009 t o t h e second manned e a r t h o r b i t a l s p a c e c r a f t
2.
3.
4.
5.
T h e scheduled launch date f o r AFRM 0 11 w a s changed f r o m 15 S e p t e m b e r 1964 to 15 Mav 1965.
- 47 SID 62-300-6

e 4
The r e s u l t s of this schedule e x e r c i s e have been i n c o r p o r a t e d into t h e Apollo M a s t e r Phasing P l a n Number 3. T h i s plan will be used a s the b a s i s of t h e f i r m c o s t proposal due 30 September 1962. P r o g r a m development s c h e d u l e s a r e c u r r e n t l y being r e v i s e d and will be included in a subsequent r e p o r t . ASSOCIATE AND SUBCONTRACTOR RELATIONS F i e l d a n a l y s i s a t A i R e s e a r c h , Avco, Collins, N o r t h r o p - V e n t u r a , Pratt & Whitney, Thiokol, a n d A e r o j e t h a s been concluded. A s u p p l i e r h a s b e e n s e l e c t e d f o r the b a t t e r i e s , and p r o p o s a l s have b e e n r e c e i v e d on the p r o p e l l a n t utilization s y s t e m . T h e i n v e r t e r p r o p o s a l s a r e evaluated. R e q u e s t s f o r purchase have b e e n r e l e a s e d f o r the b a t t e r y c h a r g e r s . T h e s e r v i c e module antenna is e l i m i n a t e d . It i s hoped that negotiation of f i r m c o n t r a c t s c a n be concluded with AVCO, A i R e s e a r c h , Collins, N o r t h r o p - V e n t u r a , P r a t t & Whitney, Thiokol, A e r o j e t , a n d M a r q u a r d t during the next p e r i o d . L e t t e r c o n t r a c t s will be p l a c e d f o r a continuation of the 1n;Flight Engineering study a t S p e r r y , U t a h , f o r the b a t t e r i e s , f o r the p r o p e l l a n t utilization s y s t e m , and f o r the i n v e r t e r . A definitive c o n t r a c t is to be p l a c e d f o r the b a t t e r y c h a r g e r . T h e S&ID a n a l y s i s of navigation and guidance r e q u i r e m e n t s and s c h e d u l e s , s e t f o r t h in the NASA letter r e c e i v e d 2 2 J u n e , w a s delayed in o r d e r to include any c o n s i d e r a t i o n introduced by the r e v i s e d o v e r a l l Apollo p r o g r a m schedule. R e s u l t s of the a n a l y s i s will b e p r e s e n t e d to NASA e a r l y i n the next p e r i o d . Following i n f o r m a l coordination with G e n e r a l Dynamics ( C o n v a i r ) and NASA, S & I D ' s proposed A p o l l o / L i t t l e J o e I1 i n t e r f a c e c o o r d i n a t i o n and cont r o l p r o c e d u r e is being p r e p a r e d f o r f o r m a l s u b m i t t a l t o NASA a n d Convair f o r a p p r o v a l . A s i m i l a r document, i n p r e l i m i n a r y f o r m , is being developed f o r S & I D / l u n a r e x c u r s i o n module c o n t r a c t o r i n t e r f a c e c o o r d i n a t i o n a n d control. PERT During the r e p o r t p e r i o d , P E R T p e r s o n n e l r e c o n s t r u c t e d 2 3 new n e t w o r k s b a s e d upon the r e v i s e d G e n e r a l O r d e r s .
A revision of the Apollo m a s t e r network w a s c o m p l e t e d i n c o r p o r a t i n g the c h a n g e s n e c e s s i t a t e d by the r e v i s i o n to the m a s t e r phasing plan a n d the r e a l i g n m e n t of the G e n e r a l O r d e r s . T h e i n f o r m a t i o n r e f l e c t e d i n the m a s t e r n e t i s c u r r e n t l y being p r o c e s s e d i n the c o m p u t e r s . T h i s i n f o r m a t i o n a n d the r e v i s e d m a s t e r network will b e s e n t to NASA d u r i n g the next r e p o r t period.
- 48 SID 62-300-6
-TIAL
coI
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STABILIZATION AND CONTROL ( G e n e r a l O r d e r 7130)
PRELIMINARY COMMAND MODULE REACTION J E T THRUST SIZING STUDY T h e p r e l i m i n a r y command module r e a c t i o n j e t t h r u s t - sizing study in p r o g r e s s includes a n evaluation of the following: 1. 2. 3.
4.
C r o s s - r a n g e maneuver t h r u s t r e q u i r e m e n t s Pull-out maneuver thrust requirements Atmospheric reorientation thrust requirements D i s t u r b a n c e a n d tumbling damping c a p a b i l i t i e s
PRELIMINARY SERVICE MODULE REACTION J E T SIZING STUDY
S e r v i c e module r e a c t i o n jet s y s t e m of 100-pound t h r u s t level and 0 . 6 pound- second m i n i m u m i m p u l s e capability will m e e t the following r e q u i r e ments: 1. M i d c o u r s e navigation sightings a t a n a n g u l a r r a t e of 0 . 7 m i n u t e s p e r second. Roll c o n t r o l during t h e s e r v i c e module m a i n engine t h r u s t i n g f o r 5 - d e g r e e t h r u s t vector deflections in both p i t c h a n d yaw
2.
T h e 100-pound t h r u s t l e v e l r e a c t i o n j e t s y s t e m will a l s o provide a d e q u a t e m a n e u v e r , adequate damping, and sufficient ullage capacity. PRELIMINARY SERVICE MODULE REACTION J E T F U E L REQUIREMENTS STUDY A p r e l i m i n a r y s e r v i c e module r e a c t i o n j e t fuel r e q u i r e m e n t s study w a s c o m p l e t e d . No f a i l u r e m o d e s w e r e analyzed. T h i s study w a s b a s e d upon the l u n a r landing m i s s i o n using the e a r t h - o r b i t a l r e n d e z v o u s concept. PRELIMINARY OVER-ALL STABILIZATION AND CONTROL SYSTEM STUDY
@
a
? A s e t of simplified A p o l h stabilization and ~ c r , t r = SySLLei-li block diag r a m s f o r 12 s e g m e n t s a n d 8 modes of flight w a s m a d e . Block d i a g r a m s
- 49 SID 62-300-6
N 0 R T H A M E R I C A N A V I A T I O N, I N C .
(fir: & )
\
\ \
\
SPACE and INFORMATION
SYSTEMSDIVISION
showing the i n t e r f a c e between stabilization and c o n t r o l , guidance a n d n a v i gation, propulsion, t h e r m o d y n a m i c s and display w e r e p r e p a r e d with c o n t r o l and display signals. P r e l i m i n a r y attitude a n d attitude r a t e r e q u i r e m e n t s were established. INERTIAL REFERENCE PACKAGE MODE VELOCITY CORRECTION T h e p r e l i m i n a r y r e s u l t s of the i n e r t i a l r e f e r e n c e package mode velocity c o r r e c t i o n s using s e n s o r s , r a t e g y r o s , a n g u l a r and l i n e a r a c c l e r o m e t e r s , a n d velocity m e t e r s w e r e obtained. STABILIZATION AND CONTROL DESIGN T h e p r o b l e m of defining stabilization and c o n t r o l s y s t e m (SCS) p e r f o r m a n c e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s a s r e l a t e d to m i s s i o n r e q u i r e m e n t s is being r e s o l v e d a s definite information r e l a t e d to specific b o i l e r p l a t e a n d a i r f r a m e c o n f i g u r a tions b e c o m e s available. The p r e l i m i n a r y b o i l e r p l a t e and a i r f r a m e SCS r e q u i r e m e n t s for b o i l e r p l a t e s 16, 18, a n d a i r f r a m e 0 0 1 and a i r f r a m e 009 w e r e completed and a r e being reviewed p r i o r to f o r m a l r e l e a s e . E f f o r t is continuing on definition of the SCS c r i t e r i a f o r b o i l e r p l a t e 14 a n d f o r a i r f r a m e s 006, 0 0 7 , 008, 010, 011, a n d 012. Functional block d i a g r a m s a r e being p r e p a r e d to d e s c r i b e the following m i s s i o n segment SCS o p e r a t i n g modes: 1. Launch ( p a s s i v e guidance a n d navigation c o m m a n d ) C o a s t (SCS command) L o c a l v e r t i c a l (SCS command) Sun a c q u i r e (SCS c o m m a n d ) Sun hold (SCS c o m m a n d ) Orientation f o r a n d application of
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
AV
(SCS command)
Attitude hold (navigation a n d guidance c o m m a n d ) Orientation f o r a n d application of command)
8.
A V (navigation a n d guidance
9.
E n t r y (navigation a n d guidance c o m m a n d )
- 50 SID 6 2 - 3 0 0 - 6
SPACE and INFORMATION S Y S T E h l S D I V I S I O N
P r e p a r a t i o n of the p r e l i m i n a r y functional block d i a g r a m s is a l m o s t complete. A study of installation r e q u i r e m e n t s f o r the horizon s c a n n e r and sun s e e k e r h a s continued. P r e l i m i n a r y work w a s initiated on a n SCS fail-safety a n a l y s i s . The single-coil, r e a c t i o n - j e t , v a l v e - d r i v e r c i r c u i t w a s c o m p l e t e d a n d t e s t e d . T e s t s w e r e initiated to d e t e r m i n e the effects of driving two v a l v e s i n s e r i e s o r in p a r a l l e l connections. F r e q u e n c y t e s t s w e r e made on the b o i l e r p l a t e launch e s c a p e s t a b i l i z a tion a n d c o n t r o l s y s t e m a m p l i f i e r - d e m o d u l a t o r . RADAR Command module a n d s e r v i c e module l o c a t i o n s for the r a d a r t r a n s ponder and antenna a r e being c o n s i d e r e d . Tentative locations f o r a n t e n n a s a n d the s e r v i c e module r a d a r were d e t e r m i n e d . The location of the r a d a r in the c o m m a n d module h a s not been d e t e r m i n e d . T h e r e is no p r e f e r e n c e f o r locating the r e n d e z v o u s r a d a r . Applicable r a d a r s y s t e m s f o r r e n d e z v o u s w e r e studied, and the F M / C W type w a s found t o b e optimum for the specific rendezvous r e q u i r e m e n t s , C u r v e s f o r the optical beacon have b e e n e s t a b l i s h e d showing the light output r e q u i r e d a s a function of s t a r magnitude. EVALUATION AND DEVELOPMENT During t h i s r e p o r t i n g period, SCS evaluation and development t e s t s w e r e conducted in the i n t e r i m stabilization a n d c o n t r o l t e s t l a b o r a t o r y . T h e p r e l i m i n a r y evaluation of fuel valve a m p l i f i e r demodulator modules a n d n e t d r i v e c i r c u i t s w e r e c o m p l e t e d . F u e l valve s p e e d , r e s p o n s e , and functional t e s t s w e r e started. T h e c o m m a n d module r e a c t i o n - j e t t h r u s t sizing study i s to be continued d u r i n g the next p e r i o d . T h e s e r v i c e module reaction j e t t h r u s t sizing study w i l l b e r e e v a l u a t e d . The p r e l i m i n a r y s e r v i c e module r e a c t i o n j e t fuel r e q u i r e m e n t s study is being r e e v a l u a t e d in the light of the new l u n a r e x c u r s i o n module concept and new ullage reqcirerr=e=ts. A breakdwwn of fuei r e q u i r e m e n t s f o r v a r i o u s r e a c t i o n c o n t r o l s y s t e m f a i l u r e s w i l l be included.
1 I
I 1
-4 *-.
- 51 SID 6 2 - 3 0 0 - 6
,
I

a* I
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T h e second phase of the analog c o m p u t e r simulation p r o g r a m will begin during the next r e p o r t p e r i o d . T h i s will be a s i x - d e g r e e of f r e e d o m study c o m p a r e d with the t h r e e - d e g r e e s e t s studied o r i g i n a l l y a n d will have a m a n - i n - t h e - l o o p s i m u l a t o r with i n c r e a s e d display i n f o r m a t i o n a n d c o n t r o l capabilities . The p r e l i m i n a r y and s i m p l i f i e d stabilization and c o n t r o l s y s t e m and i n t e r f a c e block d i a g r a m s will be expanded and u p - d a t e d , Studies will be p e r f o r m e d to r e solve undefined a r e a s and t o e s t a b l i s h i n t e r f a c e compatibility. I n e r t i a l m e a s u r e m e n t unit (IMU) mode velocity c o r r e c t i o n will be studied, Autopilots u s e d f o r i n e r t i a l r e f e r e n c e package mode velocity c o r r e c t i o n s will be c o m p a r e d during the next r e p o r t i n g p e r i o d . Detailed test p l a n s f o r the SCS s i m u l a t i o n p r o g r a m a n d the e n v i r o n m e n t a l s p a c e c r a f t a r e to be completed. The functional block d i a g r a m s of the SCS, including a l l m o d e s of o p e r a t i o n , w i l l be c o m p l e t e d during the next r e p o r t i n g p e r i o d . T h e SCS c r i t e r i a specifications for a l l applicable b o i l e r p l a t e a n d a i r f r a m e v e h i c l e s a r e to be c o m p l e t e d . An investigation of h o r i z o n s c a n n e r a n d sun f i n d e r mounting p r o b l e m s will b e continued. An investigation of the SCS -guidance and navigation i n t e r f a c e p r o b l e m will b e continued. T h e SCS fail-safety a n a l y s i s will b e continued. A l t e r n a t e rendezvous t r a j e c t o r i e s and r a d a r l o c a t i o n s a r e t o be studied. Rocket exhaust attenuation a t v e r y high a n d m i c r o w a v e f r e q u e n c i e s is to be studied during the next r e p o r t i n g p e r i o d . T h e communication data link r e q u i r e m e n t i s to be e s t a b l i s h e d .
- 52 SID 6 2 - 3 0 0 - 6
-IAL
,
I
coGREW PROVISIONS (General O r d e r 7 1 3 1)
.rc
--w 1
a
CREW SUPPORT AND PERSONAL EQUIPMENT A study to d e t e r m i n e the effects of c r e w motions on s p a c e c r a f t attitude control was completed. The study indicated that c r e w motions would have negligible effects on s p a c e c r a f t attitude. P r e s s u r e - s e a l z i p p e r s w e r e investigated f o r possible applications i n sleeping r e s t r a i n t , i n the r e s t c o m p a r t m e n t , and i n the e m e r g e n c y p r e s s u r e suit-donning c o m p a r t m e n t . A study of r e c o v e r y a r e a s conducted to evaluate s u r v i v a l g e a r was continued. A study of the p e r s o n a l parachute a s a n e s c a p e s y s t e m An a n a l y s i s i n c a s e of a r e c o v e r y s y s t e m malfunction i s being continued. of t h e r m a l p r o b l e m s i n connection with Apollo r e e n t r y i s being continued. A study of flight and a b o r t profiles with r e s p e c t to a c c e l e r a t i o n loads i s being continued. A r e v i s i o n of the c r e w couch dimensional control drawing i s i n p r o g r e s s . An evaluation of w a s t e disposal s y s t e m s by m e a n s of mock-ups and a n a l y s e s i s continuing. A study of individual c r e w radiation d o s i m e t e r s i s being continued. A r e p o r t on post-flight ventilation r e q u i r e m e n t s i s being p r e p a r e d .
DESIGN SUPPORT
Work on a m a i n panel a r r a n g e m e n t i s i n p r o g r e s s , and individual s y s t e m s panels a r e being designed. A c u r s o r y study to d e t e r m i n e attitude p r e s e n t a t i o n compatibility by means of a t h r e e -axis ball with c e n t r a l action r e s p o n s e and r e f e r e n c e relationship i s nearing completion. A g e n e r a l d i s c u s s i o n of a c t i v i t i e s , r e s u l t s , and recommendations i s i n p r e p a r a t i o n a n d will be the b a s i s of a r e p o r t to NASA. A study to provide r e c o m m e n d e d relocations and s e l e c t i o n s of d i s p l a y s f o r the MIT navigation and guidance panel i s completed f o r p r e s e n t a t i o n to NASA. A l i s t of t a s k s r e q u i r e d f o r n o r m a l routine m a n a g e m e n t of the e l e c t r i c a l power s y s t e m ( E P S ) w a s completed. A studyof E P S f a i l u r e m o d e s was initiated to a s c e r t a i n t a s k s and information displays r e q u i r e d to m e e t e m e r g e n c y situations.. A study to d e t e r m i n e the feasibility of eliminating the air lock i s in p r o g r e s s . The study of manual o v e r - r i d e s f o r cabin a i r p r e s s u r e and t e m p e r a t u r e c o n t r o l s h a s r e s u l t e d in relocating the cabin p r e s s u r e relief valve.
- 53 SID 6 2 - 3 0 0 - 6
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GROUNDSUPPORTANDCONTROL A panel study drawing ( b i o - m e d i c a l monitoring display) i s a l m o s t complete. The review of Life S y s t e m s Design C r i t e r i a Handbook f o r GSE was completed. A l i s t of proposed safety information and p r o c e d u r e s f o r AMR w a s compiled. A p r e l i m i n a r y checklist of life s y s t e m s , GSE o p e r a t i o n s , and maintenance w a s p r e p a r e d . CREW PERFORMANCE AND TRAINING The planning and development of simulation s t u d i e s to d e t e r m i n e the fidelity r e q u i r e m e n t s of v i s u a l displays f o r t r a i n i n g s i m u l a t o r s w a s c omple te d . Simulation t e s t plans w e r e evaluated to d e t e r m i n e which m a y be u s e d to provide data on h u m a n p e r f o r m a n c e in the Apollo m i s s i o n s . Out of approximately 60 t e s t plans, 3 9 w e r e judged to be capable of providing such data. Specific human p e r f o r m a n c e t e s t objectives w e r e developed f o r e a c h of t h e s e t e s t s and w e r e submitted a s inputs to the q u a r t e r l y r e v i s i o n of the Apollo general t e s t plan. One method, which m e a s u r e s a n d s c o r e s the proficiency of a s t r o n a u t training p e r f o r m a n c e , w a s roughly p r e t e s t e d by applying the design a g a i n s t data f o r work t a s k s i n the e a r t h e n t r y m i s s i o n phase. P r e p a r a t i o n s w e r e m a d e t o p r e s e n t t h i s method to NASA to explore design application p r o b l e m s . An investigation w a s initiated to obtain data pertaining to e a r t h and l u n a r rendezvous. T h i s data will be r e l a t e d to v a r i o u s a s p e c t s of human p e r f o r m a n c e capability f o r application in the rendezvous p a r t - t a s k t r a i n e r . Work was initiated on the study and a n a l y s i s of malfunction i n s e r t i o n s into the p a r t - t a s k t r a i n e r s . A study was completed to d e t e r m i n e f r o m available data a t i m e - l i n e a n a l y s i s of Apollo flight c r e w v i s u a l r e q u i r e m e n t s and the c o r r e s p o n d i n g c o m m a n d module inte r i o r illumination r e q u i r e m e n t s f o r e a r t h - o r b i t a l , c i r c u m l u n a r , and l u n a r - o r b i t a l m i s s i o n s . TASK DESIGN AND ANALYSIS A study of the probable f r e q u e n c i e s of c r e w e g r e s s / e n t r y during Apollo m i s s i o n s was completed. An i n t e g r a t e d t a s k index of p h a s e s ,
- 54 I
SID 62-300-6

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o p e r a t i o n s , functions , and t a s k s w a s initiated f o r the l u n a r - o r b i t a l rendezvous m i s s i o n . An analysis of one- and two-man o p e r a t i o n of the Apollo s p a c e c r a f t to d e t e r m i n e the m o s t efficient control display a r r a n g e m e n t and a s t r o n a u t t a s k assignment i s i n p r o g r e s s . BIOMEDICAL A p r e s e n t a t i o n concerning the biomedical a s p e c t s of the Apollo m i c r o m e t e o r o i d p r o b l e m s is p r e p a r e d . Evaluation of v i s u a l problems i n s p a c e continues. Included a r e s t u d i e s of the need f o r red-lighted i n s t r u m e n t s , adaptations t o d a r k conditions g l a r e , and possibilities of r e t i n a l burn.
~
S&ID i s continuing a n evaluation of c a l o r i c and oxygen r e q u i r e m e n t s to provide e n e r g y balance during m i s s i o n s , r e g a r d l e s s of the n a t u r e of environmental s t r e s s . Recommendations f o r monitoring r e q u i r e m e n t s of a t m o s p h e r i c conditions i n the Apollo spacecraft a r e p r e p a r e d . T h e s e r e c o m m e n d a t i o n s a r e b a s e d on p r e s e n t knowledge and m a y be modified by the s e l e c t i o n of m a t e r i a l s and p r o g r a m r e s u l t s . An a n a l y s i s of the effects of s t r e s s on c r e w p e r f o r m a n c e i s being continued. OPERATIONS AND SAFETY The safety consequences of eliminating the air lock and of f i r e and explosion h a z a r d s a r e being investigated i n connection with the u s e of 100-percent oxygen in the command module environment. A l i f e s y s t e m s safety provisions input w a s p r e p a r e d f o r the S p a c e c r a f t O p e r a t i o n s Manual. A ground operational support s y s t e m simulation floor plan and layout w a s completed. An a n a l y s i s of o p e r a t o r information and control r e q u i r e m e n t s of the s t a b i l i z a t i o n control s y s t e m (SCS) and the navigation and guidance s y s t e m w a s initiated. A c o m m a n d module p a r t s standardization and interchangeability study p r o g r a m i s i n p r o g r e s s to augment h u m a n f a c t o r s design refinement.
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SIMULATION AND T E S T A r e p o r t was completed outlining c r i t e r i a and p r o c e d u r e s f o r the selection of t e s t subjects f o r c r e w p e r f o r m a n c e and flight simulation t e s t programs. Life s y s t e m s r e q u i r e m e n t s f o r the Apollo flight simulation p r o g r a m a r e completed for inclusion i n the Apollo simulation s t u d i e s s u m m a r y . Schedule c h a r t s a r e p r e p a r e d showing l i f e s y s t e m s r e q u i r e m e n t s a n d t e s t subject utilization. A l u n a r and e a r t h - o r b i t a l d y n a m i c s attitude control simulation i s completed. T h r e e pilots completed a t o t a l of five t e s t s e r i e s e a c h . Life s y s t e m s r e q u i r e m e n t s f o r c o n v e r s i o n of a n F-86L s i m u l a t o r t o Apollo m i s s i o n simulation a r e coordinated. A r r a n g e m e n t s w e r e m a d e f o r c o n v e r s i o n of the Apollo window study m o c k - u p t o house c o n t r o l s a n d displays f o r the converted F - 8 6 L s i m u l a t o r . An evaluation study of the v o l u m e t r i c s of a n t h r o p o m o r p h i c d u m m i e s w a s completed to d e t e r m i n e compatibility with available i n s t r u m e n t a t i o n e quipme nt . A d e s i g n review of the A l d e r son a n t h r o p o m o r p h i c d u m m y prototypes is in progress. Engineering development l a b o r a t o r y s t r e s s t e s t s on t h e r e s t r a i n t h a r n e s s a r e scheduled during the next r e p o r t p e r i o d . Design c r i t e r i a m a t e r i a l s and p r o c e s s e s w e r e e s t a b l i s h e d f o r food reconstitution bags. An i n i t i a l o r d e r w a s placed f o r polypropylene m a t e r i a l f o r a contoured mouthpiece. T h i s m a t e r i a l will be m a c h i n e d a n d t h e n h e a t f u s e d t o a t h e r m o p l a s t i c bag. The c r e w support s y s t e m of the s p a c e c r a f t will be s u b j e c t e d t o a dynamic t e s t s e r i e s consisting of a c c e l e r a t i o n , v i b r a t i o n , a n d a c o u s t i c s . Engineering development l a b o r a t o r i e s will de sign a f i x t u r e t h a t will s i m u l a t e t h e cabin s p a t i a l a r r a n g e m e n t and t h e d y n a m i c s of t h e c r e w s u p p o r t system. Apollo candidate i n s t r u m e n t l a m p s w e r e s u b j e c t e d t o e n v i r o n m e n t a l e x p o s u r e at 10-9 T o r r v a c u u m . The e x p o s u r e to t h i s e n v i r o n m e n t will continue f o r 42 d a y s o r until the bulbs b u r n o u t .
-56
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In support of m a t e r i a l s evaluation, polyurethane sample s a r e being exposed to u l t r a - h i g h v a c u u m and v a r i o u s t e m p e r a t u r e s to d e t e r m i n e sublimation r a t e s . During the next p e r i o d , activities a r e p r o j e c t e d a s follows: Human engineering boilerplate h a r d w a r e de sign, development, and drawing r e l e a s e s will be continued. Studies will be continued on lighting and vision in s p a c e , on the l u n a r s u r f a c e , and i n the command module.
A new total w a s t e management unit will be designed.
A study of the e l e c t r i c a l power s y s t e m s ( E P S ) w i l l be p r e p a r e d i n the n e a r f u t u r e , with emphasis on c r e w t a s k s r e q u i r e d f o r n o r m a l m a n a g e m e n t of the E P S , analysis of E P S in-flight malfunctions and the definition of c r e w t a s k s to cope with e m e r g e n c i e s in the E P S , and a n a l y s i s of E P S m i n i m u m display r e q u i r e m e n t s .
The life s y s t e m concept of checkout and monitoring consoles, reflecting typical gage and c o n t r o l locations on full- s c a l e c a r d b o a r d p a n e l s , will be completed in the n e a r f u t u r e . The life s y s t e m s design c r i t e r i a checklist will be r e l e a s e d . C r e w p e r f o r m a n c e simulation r e q u i r e m e n t s f o r phase 1 of the 6 . 3 simulation study (rendezvous) will be initiated. Work will continue on phase 2 of the 6. 1 simulation study ( e a r t h and l u n a r o r b i t a l ) , which w i l l i n c o r p o r a t e s i x d e g r e e s of f r e e d o m . Data f r o m P h a s e 1 of the study was reduced, analyzed, and i n c o r p o r a t e d into a final r e p o r t along with recommendations f o r future studies. ( P e r f o r m a n c e r e q u i r e m e n t s concerning t e s t designs and methods of data r e c o r d i n g w i r e p r e p a r e d f o r phase 1 of the 6. 1 simulator study f o r u s e a s a p r e l i m i n a r y means of investigating manual attitude control). Operations and t a s k analysis of the telecommunications s y s t e m will be completed i n September f o r u s e i n control display design, c r e w p e r f o r m a n c e and validation c r i t e r i a development, and c r e w t r a i n i n g programs.
A study designed to investigate human v a r i a b l e e r r o r , human constant e r r c r , ar,d 7;arious i-eiicle cunrigurations f o r operation of a s i m u l a t e d s p a c e sextant will be completed.
- 57 SID 62-300-6
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A l i s t of drugs and d o s a g e s will be p r e p a r e d f o r inclusion in s p a c e c r a f t medical t r e a t m e n t supplies. An evaluation of biomedical considerations will be p r e p a r e d concerning the performance of biochemical studies on blood, u r i n e , and f e c e s s a m p l e s f r o m e a r l y o r b i t a l flights. A work statement w i l l be p r e p a r e d for the m a i n s t r e a m food subcontract with Stanford Re s e a r c h Institute. Life s y s t e m s t e s t p r o c e d u r e s f o r boilerplate 8 w a t e r e g r e s s and s u r v i v a l t e s t s will be completed. Instrument r e q u i r e m e n t boilerplate t e s t s will be completed.
- 58 SID 6 2 - 3 0 0 - 6
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LAUNCH E S C A P E SUBSYSTEM (General O r d e r 7 132)

MOCK-UPS
The launch e s c a p e s y s t e m ( L E S ) t o w e r s f o r m o c k - u p s 9 and 11 (handling a n d t r a n s p o r t a t i o n ) a r e complete. S t r u c t u r a l r e l e a s e of the t o w e r s f o r m o c k - u p s 18 a n d 19 (complete m o c k - u p ) h a s been a c c o m p l i s h e d , T h e conditions of m a x i m u m loading f o r the LES handling sling on the launch e s c a p e m o t o r handling module have been investigated, and the s t r e s s check of the module a t the s l i n g a t t a c h m e n t s h a s been completed. WEIGHT CONTROL The LES t o t a l weight. e s t i m a t e p r e s e n t l y is 6480 pounds, 580 pounds m o r e than previously estimated. T h i s e s t i m a t e is based on the p a s s i v e c o n t r o l s y s t e m with a k i c k e r r o c k e t , a n d includes approximately 230 pounds of b a l l a s t . STRUCTURAL DESIGN Continued e f f o r t is being expended on the d e t a i l drawings to i n c o r p o r a t e the p a s s i v e LES provisions. F r i m a r y consideration is being p l a c e d on the flow s e p a r a t o r and a e r o d y n a m i c s t r u c t u r a l s k i r t and the l a t e r a l t h r u s t motor a r e a s . A p r e l i m i n a r y investigation indicates t h a t 0. 270 inches of insulation w i l l be r e q u i r e d to k e e p the flow s e p a r a t o r t e m p e r a t u r e below 600 F. New loads a r e being p r e p a r e d f o r a tumbling abort-while -thrusting loading condition f o r t h r e e different b a l l a s t weights. This configuration h a s a flow s e p a r a t o r commonly known a s a Wiltse w a s h e r . New m a r g i n s of s a f e t y w i l l be computed f o r these l o a d s . S e v e r a l d e t a i l layout changes w e r e computed to m a k e f i e l d i n s t a l l a t i o n a n d / o r r e m o v a l of the flow s e p a r a t o r p o s s i b l e , p r i o r to the e s c a p e s y s t e m a s s embly . Detail drawings of the flow s e p a r a t o r and l a t e r a l t h r u s t m o t o r s u p p o r t h a v e been r e l e a s e d . A design study h a s been initiated to d e t e r m i n e the d e g r e e of launch e s c a p e m o t o r jet b l a s t impingement on the tower s t r u c t u r e . iriiensive e f f o r t continues toward completion of the LES body g r o u p i n s t a l l a t i o n drawing.
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V a r i o u s methods of energy a b s o r p t i o n a r e being studied f o r conditions w h e r e the LES diagonals stop the f o r w a r d c o m p a r t m e n t cover f r o m being ejected under pad a b o r t conditions. STRU C TURAL ANALYSIS Effective electromagnetic i n t e r f e r e n c e (EI) c u r v e s have been d r a w n i n f o r t h e launch escape tower f o r i n s t a n c e s when p u r e s h e a r a n d p u r e m o m e n t a r e applied a t t h e f o r w a r d end of tower. A s e c t i o n - b y - s e c t i o n E1 c u r v e h a s b e e n drawn f o r s h e a r that i s applied 95 i n c h e s f o r w a r d of the f o r w a r d end of t h e tower. C o r r e c t e d flexibility coefficients have b e e n published. The computer p r o g r a m m i n g of a method to calculate the s t r u c t u r a l influence coefficients i s continuing. An investigation i s being m a d e into techniques of inverting l a r g e m a t r i c e s . S o m e s u b r o u t i n e s a r e complete and a r e being checked out. A s a m p l e flow d i a g r a m i s complete through the calculation of redundant m o m e n t s and f o r c e s . RELEASE MECHANISMS A feasibility study w a s initiated on a s y s t e m t h a t would c a r r y the f o r w a r d h e a t shield with the e s c a p e tower when a pad a b o r t condition a r i s e s . Work on the cold-weld t e s t is in p r o g r e s s . F o u r tower r e l e a s e m e c h a n i s m s a r e involved. P r e s e n t d e v i c e s include two m e c h a n i s m s with different machine finishes, one gold-plated m e c h a n i s m , and one m e c h a n i s m with p l a s t i c i n s e r t s between pins and b o s s e s . B e a r i n g p r e s s u r e s a r e being calculated with reduced loads to i n c r e a s e m a r g i n s of safety of the t e s t setups . TEST REQUIREMENTS The following Apollo t e s t r e q u i r e m e n t (ATR) documents have been completed: ATR 500 ATR 501 ATR 502-2 ATR 502-3 Launch E s c a p e Tower S t a t i c S t r u c t u r a l T e s t Launch E s c a p e Tower S t a t i c F i r i n g T e s t Launch E s c a p e Tower A t t a c h m e n t F i t t i n g T e s t Launch E s c a p e Tower S t r u c t u r a l Tubing T e s t
- 60 SID 6 2 - 3 0 0 - 6
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CN OLAUNCH ESCAPE MOTOR A g r e e m e n t w a s r e a c h e d on the g e n e r a l p e r f o r m a n c e r e q u i r e m e n t s f o r a r e v i s e d launch e s c a p e m o t o r which w i l l be compatible with the r e c e n t l y adopted p a s s i v e LES concept. The final design a n d calculations r e s u l t e d in a motor producing 130,000 pounds ( a v e r a g e d o v e r the f i r s t 2 seconds of burning) a t 20 F and 155,000 pounds a t 70 F. By c o m p a r i s o n , the p r e v i o u s m o t o r w a s r a t e d a t 180,000 pounds at 7 0 F. TESTS E s c a p e Rocket Static T e s t
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S&ID h a s been a d v i s e d that testing w i l l not begin until 1 N o v e m b e r , t h r e e months behind schedule. The f i x t u r e s t o hold the t r a n s d u c e r s i n p l a c e during the f i r i n g have been fabricated. Acquisition of t e s t i n s t r u m e n t a t i o n remains a critical problem.
LES Tower Ablation T e s t s
S e v e r a l s t a i n l e s s s t e e l tubes w e r e i n s t r u m e n t e d with thermocouples and coated with candidate ablative m a t e r i a l s . T h r e e additional tubes w e r e i n s t r u m e n t e d with h e a t flux m e t e r s . T h e s e will a l s o be coated leaving the c a l o r i m e t e r s exposed. T h e s e tubes a r e scheduled f o r e x p o s u r e to the e x h a u s t of a S p a r r o w r o c k e t engine. S t r u c t u r a l Tubing M a t e r i a l Pr oducibility A t e s t s p e c i m e n , r e p r e s e n t i n g tube c l u s t e r joints of the e s c a p e t o w e r , w i l l be t e s t e d f o r joint feasibility to evaluate TIG welding p r o c e s s . Tooling in s u p p o r t of this p r o g r a m h a s been f a b r i c a t e d a n d s u c c e s s f u l l y t e s t e d . F o r the design-allowable p r o g r a m , PH 15-7 Mo tubing in the annealed condition h a s been p r e p a r e d f o r longitudinal t e n s i l e and c o m p r e s s i o n t e s t s . The tubing will be h e a t t r e a t e d to the RH 1075 condition b e f o r e t e s t i n g . Additional s e c t i o n s w i l l be welded, h e a t t r e a t e d to R H 1075 condition, and w i l l undergo welded longitudinal tensile testing. FASTENERS Maraging alloy s t e e l (18 Ni-9 CO-5 Mo) h a s been s e l e c t e d to r e p l a c e H - 1 1 fittings previously designed for the I ~ l ~ . n r " h c a p e _~ towe-; s u b s y s t e m . M e c h a n i c a l p r o p e r t i e s will be d e t e r m i n e d over a t e m p e r a t u r e r a n g e of -423 F to 1000 F which w i l l include tensile, notch t e n s i l e , weld t e n s i l e , c o m r e s s i v e , and s h e a r t e s t s .
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- 61 -
SID 6 2 - 3 0 0 - 6
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A new m a t e r i a l specification h a s been w r i t t e n f o r m a r a g i n g s t e e l .
During the next r e p o r t p e r i o d , the following will be accomplished: Lockheed P r o p u l s i o n Company will complete d e t a i l d e s i g n of the r e v i s e d launch e s c a p e m o t o r , and the p r o g r a m schedule w i l l be r evis ed. Initial development t e s t s of the launch e s c a p e m o t o r igniter will begin. The development t e s t i n g of i g n i t e r s f o r the tower jettison m o t o r will begin, and m o s t of the tooling tryout f o r manufacturing tooling will b e completed. F i n a l detailed plans f o r altitude simulation testing a t AEDC will probably b e completed. Testing and evaluation of titanium tubing of v a r i o u s d i a m e t e r s and wall thicknesses s will continue.
- 62 . I
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ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL SYSTEM (General O r d e r 7 133) The 7 p s i a oxygen-nitrogen a t m o s p h e r e h a s been changed to a 5 p s i a 100-percent oxygen a t m o s p h e r e . The nitrogen s y s t e m , p a r t i a l - p r e s s u r e sensing, and m e t e r i n g equipment w e r e deleted. Substitution of the t o t a l - p r e s s u r e sensing and metering equipment and subsequent modifications r e s u l t i n g f r o m the adoption of this syste.m a r e being accomplished. Component weights of the ECS package r e m a i n e d r e l a t i v e l y unchanged during this r e p o r t i n g period. A weight reduction p r o g r a m i s p r o g r e s s i n g f o r the c a r b o n dioxide and o r d o r a b s o r b e r and t h e w a t e r s e p a r a t o r . A significant weight reduction will be achieved f o r t h e s e components. PRESSURE AND TEMPERATURE CONTROL Deletion of the nitrogen r e q u i r e m e n t s effects a command-module weight saving of 1 0 . 8 pounds. An additional saving in e l e c t r i c a l power r e q u i r e m e n t s m a y be r e a l i z e d i f the s u i t c o m p r e s s o r s , cabin f a n s , and cabin h e a t e x c h a n g e r s a r e modified f o r operation a t the lower p r e s s u r e and density l e v e l s . (Modification of t h e s e units would r e s u l t i n a one-month schedule slippage by the s u b c o n t r a c t o r . ) A decision to r e d u c e the oxygen-consumption r a t e f r o m 1 . 8 pound p e r m a n p e r day to 1. 25 pound p e r man p e r day would reduce l i t h i u m hydroxide r e q u i r e m e n t s b y 41 pounds and effect a volume reduction of 1. 6 cubic feet, eliminating the existing s t o r a g e problem. Redesign of the s n o r k e l valves h a s p e r m i t t e d c o m m a n d module p r e s s u r e to a s s i s t valve sealing. Location of the command module vent valve is not y e t r e s o l v e d . Design layouts and analytical s t u d i e s a r e in p r o g r e s s to d e t e r m i n e the b e s t location f o r the valve. The r e e n t r y oxygec-supply s y s t e m i s being r e p a c k a g e d f o r mounting within the p r e s s u r i z a t i o n a r e a of the command module. The regenerative-heat-exhanger e x p e r i m e n t a l unit is being redesigned. P r e l i m i n a r y testing indicated that during the bypass condition t h e r e w a s e x c e s s i v e h e a t t r a n s f e r a c r o s s the h e a t sideplates t o t h e b y p a s s gas.
A decision h a s been m a d e to supply all ECS a - c components with 400-cycle power f r o m a m a s t e r power system. Stc.'ies r e g a r d i l l g optimum f r e q u e n c y optimization w i l l be discontinued.
- 63 SID 6 2 - 3 0 0 - 6
An a n a l y s i s has been completed of the dynamic p e r f o r m a n c e of s u i t , s u i t - e v a p o r a t o r , c a b i n - t e m p e r a t u r e , and w a t e r -glycol t e m p e r a t u r e c o n t r o l s . T h e s e t e m p e r a t u r e controls a r e s i m i l a r i n design since interchangeability is a m a j o r design objective. Shorting b a r s a r e being designed to p e r m i t the installation of any one of the controls into the v a r i o u s t e m p e r s t u r e - c o n t r o l systems. COOLANT SYSTEM An adhesive-bonded coldplate h a s been l e a k - t e s t e d and is now being i n s t r u m e n t e d f o r complete t h e r m a l t e s t s . The f i r s t d i p - b r a z e d , s a m p l e coldplate 1 / 8 - i n c h thick h a s been made. It is now being X - r a y e d t o l e a r n i f the flow s l o t s a r e c l e a r of brazing f l u x . A second adhesive -bonded, fully i n s t r u m e n t e d coldplate will b e u s e d f o r in-house thermal-evaluation t e s t s a s w e l l a s f o r any testing r e q u i r e d in conjunction with externally supplied e l e c t r o n i c boxes. Drawings f o r the s p a c e c r a f t s e r v i c e module coldplates a r e now being prepared.
A sketch has been completed f o r r a d i a l , a s opposed to longitudinal, tube p a s s a g e s in the r a d i a t o r c o r e . Review showed that t h i s d e s i g n h a s a reduced p r e s s u r e d r o p but questionable t h e r m a l p e r f o r m a n c e . The rigidity c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s a r e good.
Two radiator d e t a i l drawings have been completed and r e l e a s e d on schedule. A layout f o r the location and mounting of isolation v a l v e s is being made. Tubing on the s e r v i c e module is being r e r o u t e d t o i n c r e a s e plumbing reliability and m i n i m i z e tubing r u n s .
A layout that will f o r m the b a s i s of mounting s t r u c t u r e h a s been completed of the r a d i a l b e a m f o r the w a t e r - g l y c o l s y s t e m components.
A radial-beam layout t h a t will f o r m the s t r u c t u r e f o r the mounting of w a t e r -glycol system components is complete. WATER MANAGEMENT The i n t e r f a c e between fuel c e l l s and w a t e r m a n a g e m e n t i s being defined in m o r e detail. C o r r e c t i v e m e a s u r e s a r e being taken w h e r e equipm e n t malfunction can c a u s e the i n a d v e r t a n t i s o l a t i o n o r dumping of f u e l - c e l l w a t e r , hydrogen contamination of w a t e r and cabin, a n d o v e r - p r e s s u r i z a t i o n of the s t o r a g e tanks.
- 64 -
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The s t e a m - v e n t line is being r e r o u t e d o v e r b o a r d through a two-inch hole in the command module heat shield. The inner s u r f a c e of the d i s c h a r g e hole w i l l c o n s i s t of ablative m a t e r i a l . The w a t e r m a n a g e m e n t s y s t e m s c h e m a t i c is being r e v i s e d to provide g r e a t e r s y s t e m v e r s a t i l i t y and redundancy, and a method of discharging e x c e s s w a t e r o v e r -board. Detail drawings supporting b o i l e r p l a t e 14 a r e r e l e a s e d . CRYOGENIC GAS STORAGE The r e v i s i o n of the g a s - s t o r a g e - s y s t e m specification is approximately 70 p e r c e n t complete, a n d a f a i l u r e -mode a n a l y s i s of the s y s t e m is r e a d y f o r r e l e a s e . The g a s - s t o r a g e - s y s t e m p r o c e s s specifications a r e 50 p e r c e n t complete. The decision to eliminate the nitrogen s y s t e m r e s u l t e d i n a s e r v i c e - m o d u l e weight saving of 8 3 . 1 pounds. Incorporation of the tank-support s t r u c t u r e a s a n i n t e g r a l p a r t of the tanks w i l l s a v e approximately 10 pounds. P r e l i m i n a r y s c h e m a t i c s of the GSE cryogenic - s ervicing -de sign concept a r e r e l e a s e d , two layouts of cryogenic h e a t e x c h a n g e r s a n d valve a s s e m b l i e s a r e complete, and installation layout i s i n p r o c e s s . The r e q u i r e m e n t s section of the p r o c u r e m e n t specification f o r cryogenic s t o r a g e h a s been r e v i s e d . A briefing on the cryogenic s y s t e m w a s p r e s e n t e d to NASA. WASTE MANAGEMENT S Y S T E M A method of disposing of all w a s t e m a t e r i a l in a common r e c e p t a c l e is being studied f o r possible application to Apollo. This method is d e s c r i b e d in ASD Technical Report No. 61-200, "Storage Unit for Waste Material"
V a r i o u s w a s t e - d i s p o s a l - s y s t e m concepts a r e being evaluated to r e d u c e the n u m b e r of line penetrations through the p r e s s u r e bulkhead. Six w a s t e m a n a g e m e n t s y s t e m d e t a i l drawings have been completed. A l l w a s t e m a n a g e m e n t s y s t e m p r o c u r m e n t specifications have been completed and submitted a h e a d of schedule. The w a s t e m a n a g e m e n t s y s t e m p r o c e s s specification is 50 percent complete.
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- 65 SID 62-300-6
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TESTING AND CHECKOUT T e s t s of the water s e p a r a t o r pump a r e underway. The c u r r e n t pump configuration u s e s oxygen o p e r a t i o n a l power. Redundancy w i l l be a c c o m plished by building t w o pumps in the s a m e housing. The c u r r e n t pump design is based on a n adaptation of a vacuum-operated windshield wiper employing p r e s sure r a t h e r than vacuum. A flow c h a r t d e s c r i b i n g the ECS checkout concept h a s been completed. Revised instrumentation r e q u i r e m e n t s for the b r e a d b o a r d ECS a r e released. A t e s t of the cabin-outflow p r e s s u r e r e g u l a t o r and negative-relief -valve
0 ring s e a l is complete. Good r e s u l t s w e r e obtained using a s q u a r e 0 r i n g groove and a Viton 0 ring.

MOCK-UPS ECS layouts have been p r e p a r e d and printed in s u p p o r t of the 1 / 6 - s c a l e mock-up. F i n a l drawing r e l e a s e f o r the mock-ups is complete, and the drawings for mock-ups 18 and 19 a r e in p r o c e s s . Updating of mock-up 5 i s now being accomplished. Installation of components in the f o r w a r d c o m p a r t m e n t is complete. This installation includes the l a t e s t concept of a i r - v e n t c o v e r s f o r the a i r l o c k and m a n u a l shutoff valves. Components a r e being i n s t a l l e d in m o c k - u p 2. Installation of display panels, the d r a w e r s in the right-hand equipment bay, and the l a t e s t window configuration have been completed. BREADBOARDS AND BOILERPLATES The drawing entitled "Layout-Installation of 1-Inch Insulation f o r Boilerplates 6, 12, 13, 15, 20, 21, 22, and 2 3 , " is 20 p e r c e n t complete. The drawing "ECS Quick-Disconnect f o r Inlet and Outlet Coolant L i n e s , I ' is complete. Coolant system drawings a r e on schedule in s u p p o r t of b o i l e r p l a t e 14. The design concept for the equipment cooling s y s t e m s i s a p p r o v e d . A t e s t procedure h a s been r e l e a s e d f o r t h e evaluation of the functional p e r f o r m a n c e of the quick-disconnect couplings to be u s e d on boilerplate 6. A s y s t e m f o r cooling the o n - b o a r d i n s t r u m e n t a t i o n , t e l e m e t r y , s e q u e n c e r , and e l e c t r i c a l components, h a s been s c h e m a t i c a l l y completed f o r
- 66 SID 62-300-6
SPACE and INFORMATION S Y S T E M S DIVISION , .
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boilerplate 6. Actual h a r d w a r e f o r the s y s t e m is available a s off-the-shelf equipment. Layout drawings a r e i n p r o c e s s for the cooling s y s t e m f o r boilerplate 6. Boilerplates 12, 13, 15, 21, and 23, have the s a m e cooling s y s t e m a s number 6, plus a n on-board h e a t sink and coldplate a s r e q u i r e d . A s u i t - c i r c u i t drawing f o r boilerplate 14 and the s p a c e c r a f t s y s t e m s h a s been r e l e a s e d . Revised display r e q u i r e m e n t s have been r e l e a s e d f o r the b r e a d b o a r d c o n t r o l panel. A s e r i e s of sketches h a s been r e l e a s e d which d e s c r i b e in d e t a i l the t e l e m e t r y units specified by NASA. A new d e s i g n - c o n t r o l drawing has,,been completed which shows the dimensional envelope and a new location f o r the ECS u m b i l i c a l disconnect. The t e s t chamber f o r the ECS b r e a d b o a r d t e s t i s being welded and i s approximately 60 p e r c e n t complete. P r e l i m i n a r y design for a t e s t setup of the ECS p r e s s u r e - s u i t subsystem h a s been p r e p a r e d , and the t e s t - s e t u p s c h e m a t i c f o r the ECS integrated-breadboard t e s t is in p r o g r e s s . Design of a t h r e e - m a n metabolic simulator i s in p r o c e s s . S P A C E RADIATORS The r a d i a t o r panel s e c t i o n f o r the launch e s c a p e s y s t e m will be evaluated during the next reporting period. Additional interface conductance t e s t s will be conducted on the advanced-design coldplate. The t e s t c h a m b e r s h e l l for the ECS b r e a d b o a r d will be completed f o r pressure-proof tests. W a s t e management system procurement specifications will be reviewed and approved. Results of the w a t e r glycol / ablative - m a t e r i a l 14-day soak t e s t (indicating swelling, crumbling, a n d distortion c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s of the m a t e r i a l ) will be completed.
The following p r o j e c t s w i l l near completion during the next r e p o r t period: ECS i n s t r u m e n t a t i o n f o r in-flight m a i n t e n c e , checkout, c o n t r o l s , and displays B r e a d b o a r d t e s t plan Revision of the cryogenic s t o r a g e s y s t e m specifications
ECS equipment packaging concept
- 67 SID 62-300-6
Studies regarding the u s e of e l e c t r i c a l h e a t e r s in place of water-glycol h e a t exchangers f o r c r y o g e n i c - t a n k - p r e s s u r e control w i l l be completed.
A s u m m a r y w i l l be p r e p a r e d of trade-off s t u d i e s concerned with the u s e of the static w a t e r s e p a r a t o r , centrifugal w a t e r s e p a r a t o r , and sponge -type water s e p a r a t o r .
n..
R. 7
- 68 SID 6 2 - 3 @ 0 - 6
o8MtEWUAL
EARTH LANDING AND IMPACT ATTENUATION SYSTEM ( G e n e r a l O r d e r 7134) PARACHUTE SUBSYSTEM Analysis of the t h i r d parachute d r o p t e s t l e d to a g e n e r a l strengthening of the m a i n parachute crown area. The fourth t e s t , incorporating the r e i n f o r c e d crown, was conducted a t nominal design conditions and w a s s u c c e s s f u l . A study of m a i n parachute r i s e r attachment to the vehicle i s complete. F i v e s k e t c h e s of a l t e r n a t e means of attachment a r e being analyzed to d e t e r m i n e the m o s t s a t i s f a c t o r y method f o r r e c o v e r y f r o m w a t e r only, i n c o m p a r i s o n to r e c o v e r y f r o m water o r land. Structurally r e i n f o r c e d parachutes designed to accommodate o v e r weight c o m m a n d module conditions a r e being fabricated. The p a r a c h u t e s u b s y s t e m drop t e s t p r o g r a m h a s been r e v i s e d to include additional t e s t altitudes and speeds. T h r e e drogue chutes w e r e f a b r i c a t e d and packed into the deployment m o r t a r s and a d j u s t m e n t s w e r e made to e n s u r e good deployment. These c h u t e s a r e to be u s e d i n d r o p t e s t s i n 6 weeks. The C-133A a i r c r a f t i s scheduled f o r delivery to Douglas A i r c r a f t Company on 1 September. It will be modified f o r u s e in the boilerplate p a r a c h u t e d r o p t e s t . Boilerplate d r o p t e s t s at E l C e n t r o a r e scheduled to c o m m e n c e 7 January 1963. FORWARD HEAT SHIELD The drawings of the boilerplate configuration f o r w a r d h e a t shield latch m e c h a n i s m s y s t e m and i t s installation will be completed soon. Only minor c h a n g e s of the boilerplate v e r s i o n of the l a t c h m e c h a n i s m s y s t e m w e r e r e q u i r e d f o r adaptation t o a i r f r a m e ( s p a c e c r a f t ) t e s t v e h i c l e s , and d e t a i l layouts of the s y s t e m a r e nearing completion. All detail drawings of the heat shield to e s c a p e tower l a t c h and latch a s s e m b l y have been completed. CREW COUCHES The a r m support r e q u i r e m e n t s on the basic dimensions drawing have b e e n expanded to include a movable upper a r m support. Continued s t u d i e s
- 59 SID 62-300-6
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of methods t o i n c r e a s e shock attenuation t r a v e l along a l l a x e s a r e being continued with e m p h a s i s on Y - Y a x i s t r a v e l .
- 70 SLD 6 2 - 3 0 0 - 6
L-
NORTH AMERICAN
AVIATION, INC.
S P A C E and INFORMATION S Y S T E M S DIVISION
COMMUNICATION S Y S T E M (General O r d e r 7135)

R t$ D EQUIPMENT The o v e r - a l l instrumentation r e q u i r e m e n t s f o r the propulsion t e s t p r o g r a m to be conducted a t White Sands have been completed and have been included i n the T e s t Stand Design Manual. T h e s e r e q u i r e m e n t s include the design c r i t e r i a and installation of equipment i n the t e s t facility. In conjunction with White Sands t e s t , a t e s t p r o g r a m outlining the m e a s u r e m e n t s y s t e m s f o r a i r f r a m e 001 was r e l e a s e d . The p r o g r a m outlines the methods of d a t a presentation, the i n s t r u m e n t a t i o n to be u s e d , and the integration of the v a r i o u s m e a s u r e m e n t s y s t e m s with the ground r e c o r d i n g c r e w including r e q u i r e m e n t s f o r s y s t e m s c a l i b r a t i o n check, Recent p r o g r a m r e v i s i o n s i n the R 35 D instrumentation s y s t e m w e r e i n c o r p o r a t e d i n the pertinent documents and drawings. Detailed information about the R & D i n s t r u m e n t a t i o n s y s t e m equipment f o r boilerplates 6 and 12 was obtained f r o m NASA and the various equipment s u p p l i e r s . P r e l i m i n a r y information on the m e a s u r e m e n t s y s t e m for b o i l e r p l a t e 1 3 was obtained. Checkout and c a l i b r a t i o n p r o c e d u r e s f o r the R 8 D equipment w e r e p r e p a r e d and coordinated with NASA. The p r o c e d u r e s f o r the t r a n s d u c e r s u s e d on boilerplate 6 a r e a l m o s t complete. P r o c u r e m e n t of the Q-ball angle-of-attack s e n s o r f o r the a b o r t vehic 1e s was initiated. On-board c a m e r a s and a timing s y s t e m w e r e s e l e c t e d for b o i l e r p l a t e s 1 and 2 f o r a i r f r a m e 005 i m p a c t t e s t s . A subcontractor w a s awarded a c o n t r a c t to provide the R & D beacon antenna equipment. A one-third s c a l e model of the c o m m a n d module w a s d e l i v e r e d to the s u b c o n t r a c t o r . DATA STORAGE SYSTEM Receiving inspection and functional checkout p r o c e d u r e s for the NASAf u r n i s h e d Leach R & D r e c o r d e r were p r e p a r e d . Two prototype f i b e r g l a s s r e c o r d e r c a s e s w e r e fabricated t o provide shock and vibration protection for the tape r e c o r d e r . A mock-lip having t h e s a m e weight and c e n t e r of gravity a s the tape r e c o r d e r was made, and
- 71 SID 62-300-6

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p r e p a r a t i o n s f o r environmental testing of the c a s e s with the mock-up installed a r e in progress. The d e s i g n for the i n s t a l l a t i o n of i n s t r u m e n t a t i o n on the LES f o r boilerplate 6 w a s complete, but additional a c c e l e r o m e t e r s and a s s o c i a t e d a m p l i f i e r s a r e now being added f o r t r i a x i a l vibration m e a s u r e m e n t s on the l o w e r end of one leg of the tower. A design of the i n s t a l l a t i o n of the b o i l e r p l a t e 6 c o m m a n d module i n s t r u m e n t a t i o n i s a l m o s t complete. SERVICE MODULE V H F ANTENNA EQUIPMENT The need for the s e r v i c e module VHF antenna w a s cancelled a s a r e s u l t of changes i n p r o g r a m r e q u i r e m e n t s . The VHF function intended f o r the s e r v i c e module i n s t a l l a t i o n i s i n c o r p o r a t e d i n the d i s c o n e antenna. PHOTOGRAPHIC EQUIPMENT Studies w e r e i n i t i a t e d t o d e t e r m i n e the fogging e f f e c t s on d i f f e r e n t types of photographic film of radiation expected to be encountered on a l u n a r flight. Data w e r e r e c e i v e d on the fogging of film exposed t o h a r d X - r a y s . A p r o c e d u r e f o r using t h e s e data t o d e t e r m i n e the fogging produced by p a r t i c l e radiation (protons and e l e c t r o n s ) of d i f f e r e n t e n e r g i e s w a s developed, and p r e l i m i n a r y calculations a r e u n d e r way t o d e t e r m i n e i f additional shielding m u s t be provided f o r film on b o a r d the s p a c e c r a f t . RADLATION INSTRUMENTATION P r e l i m i n a r y s t u d i e s w e r e m a d e t o d e t e r m i n e i n s t r u m e n t location, f e a s i b i l i t y of shadow- shielding, and methods of d e t e r m i n i n g d i r e c t i o n of incidence of radiation. P r e l i m i n a r y r e q u i r e m e n t s w e r e e s t a b l i s h e d f o r the n u m b e r of d e t e c t o r s r e q u i r e d and t h e i r location, a n d f o r i n f o r m a t i o n display. SELF- CONTAINED INSTRUMENTATION PACKAGE Data r e q u i r e m e n t s f o r a proposed i n s t r u m e n t e d a n t h r o p o m o r p h i c d u m m y w e r e rec2ived. An investigation i s i n p r o g r e s s t o s e l e c t off-the-shelf r e c o r d e r s of high capacity and small s i z e compatible with s p a c e a n d data r e q u i r e m e n t s . OPTICS Layouts of a f e a s i b l e t e l e s c o p e i n s t a l l a t i o n i n t h e u n p r e s s u r i z e d p a r a c h u t e c o m p a r t m e n t w e r e completed. The i n s t a l l a t i o n , which is
- 72 STD 6 2 - 3 0 0 - 6
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compatible and i s suitable f o r u s e i n the l u n a r r e n d e z v o u s m i s s i o n , h a s a s i m p l e plane m i r r o r i n the air lock and will allow one m a n i n the command module to a c c o m p l i s h docking w i t h full visual control. DATA FORMAT ASSIGNMENT PROCESS A d a t a f o r m a t a s s i g n m e n t p r o c e s s study i s u n d e r way to develop a m e a n s f o r c o m p u t e r - d e r i v i n g m e a s u r e m e n t channel a s s i g n m e n t s to the PCM c o m m u t a t o r channels using punch-card and c o m p u t e r techniques. TV EQUIPMENT C o m p a r a t i v e evaluation of the analog and digital b r e a d b o a r d s w a s completed, and a n analog TV s y s t e m w a s selected. The s e l e c t i o n w a s b a s e d on the following d e m o n s t r a t e d and p r o j e c t e d p a r a m e t e r s by the participating s u b c o n t r a c t o r s : ( 1 ) The digital s y s t e m proved to r e q u i r e m o r e development w o r k to c o m p e t e with a n analog s y s t e m for t r a n s m i s s i o n f r o m l u n a r d i s t a n c e s . Operating p a r a m e t e r s could not be d e m o n s t r a t e d by the digital study subcont r a c t o r i n the t i m e r e q u i r e d . ( 2 ) E s t i m a t e d final s y s t e m complexity of the digital s y s t e m is m u c h g r e a t e r than the analog s y s t e m . VHF EQUIPMENT The r a d i o f r e q u e n c y i n t e r m e d i a t e frequency and audio s e c t i o n s of the VHF/AM r e c e i v e r w e r e p r e l i m i n a r i l y packaged i n Apollo s t a n d a r d e l e c t r o n i c package f o r m for u s e i n making layout drawings. UNIFIED COMMUNICATIONS STUDY Ranging and communications p a r a m e t e r s t h a t a f f e c t u s e of t h e s p a c e c r a f t d e e p - s p a c e i n s t r u m e n t a t i o n facility (DSIF) equipment during n e a r - e a r t h p h a s e s a r e being evaluated. ANTENNA MODELS A drawing w a s m a d e for a one-third s c a l e mock-up of the s e r v i c e module f o r u s e by s u b c o n t r a c t o r s to d e t e r m i n e antenna r a d i a t i o n p a t t e r n s . ASSOCIATE CONTRACTOR RELATIONS C r i t e r i a f o r the b a s i c s y s t e m design of signal c o n d i t i o n e r s c r i t e r i a w e r e established. The MIT c o m p u t e r / PCM t e l e m e t r y i n t e r f a c e buffer w a s t e m p o r a r i l y included a s a p a r t of the signal conditioning s y s t e m pending final r e s o l u t i o n of the i n t e r f a c e problem.
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- 73 SID 6 2 - 3 0 0 - 6
SPACE and I N F O R M A T I O N S Y S T E X I S DI\..ISION
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SPACECRAFT ANTENNA AND SENSOR STUDIES The p r o g r a m f o r investigating h i g h - t e m p e r a t u r e , l o w - d i e l e c t r i c p r o p e r t i e s of v a r i o u s m a t e r i a l s suitable f o r s p a c e c r a f t antenna windows and r a d o m e s i s continuing.
During t h e next p e r i o d , d e s i g n , specification, and i n t e g r a t i o n r e s e a r c h f o r s e n s o r s and t r a n s d u c e r s w i l l be devoted to t h e a b o r t v e h i c l e s and to the propulsion t e s t s .

The p r e l i m i n a r y d e s i g n of a power a m p l i f i e r employing a t r a v e l i n g wave tube will be completed. The need for high-frequency voice communications d u r i n g r e c o v e r y , r e c o v e r y a i d s p r o g r a m m i n g , and VHF beacon d e s i g n will b e evaluated. E f f o r t will be devoted to t h e unified communications s t u d y i n view of the i m p r e s s i v e reduction i n communications equipment weight that c a n b e r e a l i z e d . T h e study will c o n s i d e r the antenna c o v e r a g e p r o b l e m a s s o c i a t e d with the s i n g l e parabolic antenna p r e s e n t l y p r o p o s e d f o r t h e DSIF t r a n s p o n d e r , the effect on the communications s y s t e m r e l i a b i l i t y , and the m o d i fications and attendant c o s t s i n providing a compatible GOSS network. C i s l u n a r communications concepts will b e modified to i n c o r p o r a t e t h e r e s u l t s that a r e detailed i n the i n t e r i m r e p o r t and the r e s u l t s of the c o m pleted TV studies. Wide-band p h a s e modulation f o r TV and voice t r a n s m i s sion, v a r i o u s means of t r a n s m i t t i n g TV and t e l e m e t r y s y n c h r o n i z a t i o n information, and ranging w i l l b e studied i n d e t a i l . The synchronization study f o r the P C M T / M equipment w i l l b e continued with the objective of attaining a n optimum code. The r e s u l t s of t h e TV s t u d i e s will be i n c o r p o r a t e d into a TV p r o c u r e m e n t specification. Capability of the single 2 k m c high-gain a n t e n n a to s a t i s f y c o m m u n i c a tions, reliability, and s a f e t y r e q u i r e m e n t s will be studied. One-third s c a l e s e r v i c e module m o d e l s will b e f a b r i c a t e d f o r u s e in p a t t e r n studies.
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SE\CE: and I S F O R L I A T I O S S Y S T E S I S D I L - I S I O S
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ENGINEERING M e a s u r e m e n t l i s t investigation continucxs for na\.igation a n d guidance equipment and i n t e r f a c e with GSE, in-flight t e s t s)rsteiii ( I F T S ) , t e l c m c t r y , afid c o n t r o l s and d i s p l a y s . - r e \ - i s e d iia\-ig:;ttion and guidance block diagraiii 1 i s ready f o r d i s t r i b u t i o n . MOCK-UPS Various f a b r i c a t e d p a r t s w e r e r e c e i v e d . and a s s e m b l y of the inertial m e a s u r e m e n t rinit (IMU) and ccztaiit \\-as beguii.
X o n e - h a l i - s c a l e c a r d i > o a r c i n i o c l i - u p 01 the l o \ . \ ~ eequipnient ba-.h a s r been f a b r i c a t e d for u s e in the nieetings on optical i n s t a l l a t i o n . - l p p r o \ * a l s have been obtained and lvoi-k authoriLations a r e i n p r e p a r a t i o n f o r the f a b r i c a t i o n of a full s c a l e wooden m o c k - u p of the lower equipment bay. T h i s m o c k - u p will be maiiitained i n c u r r e n t s t a t u s to be utilized f o r f o r m f a c t o r pr o bl e ni s of the iiav i gat i o n an d :;ui d a n c e in s t a l l a t i on .
T ES TING
P r e l i m i n a r y planning for testing i n the navigation and guidance l a b o r a t o r y i s p r o g r e s s i n g . LA niajor portion of t h i s effort involx7es c o n s i d e r a t i o n of guidance s y s t e m accuracy- expectations alld the consequences i u r i a b o r a t o r y t e s t equipment r e q u i r e d . H e s u l t s indicate that a n a z i m u t h heading a c c u r a c y of 60 seconds of a r c i s adequate and that p r e c i s i o n r o t a t i o n t a b l e s will not be reqclired. SYSTEM ANALYSIS A p r e l i m i n a r y 3D a s c e n t t r a j e c t o r y s i m u l a t i o n p r o g r a m f o r boost v e h i c l e d y n a m i c s i s w r i t t e n , compiled, and debugged. A communication i n s t r u m e n t a t i o n t r a j e c t o r y h a s beeii r u n f o r p r o g r a m checkout. T h i s p r o g r a m i s now being r e \ - i s e d to i n c o r p o r a t e t e n flight p h a s e s through t r a n s l u n a r injection, including coasting p e r i o d s . Various d i s c r e t e s i g n a l options a r e a l s o being included t o g e t h e r with a c o n t r o l logic to p e r m i t study of sex-era1 guidance s c h e m e s . An evaluation of adaptive guidance planned f o r S a t u r n v e h i c l e s i s uiider w a y , A s i m p l e p r o g r a m is u s e d i n which all inputs and computations
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a r e p e r f o r m e d i n an i n e r t i a l f r a n i e . Nominal guided flights w e r e r u n f o r 100, L O O , and 3 0 0 n a u t i c a l - m i l e o r b i t s employing four different pitch s t e e r i n g polynoniials, S e l e c t e d r e s u l t s of a back-up navigation and guidance study g r o u p w e r e a s s e m b l e d , and a r e p o r t d e s c r i b i n g a back-up philosophy aiid s y s t e m oper<itioni s being w r i t t e n .
T h e e n t r y t r a j e c t o r y digital computer p r o g r a m i s n o w o p e r a t i n g . S u b r o u t i n e s a r e being w r i t t e n to s i m u l a t e l o o p s .
The MIT entry guidance s c h e m e i s being prograninied to evaluate and r e s o l v e p r o b l c m tirecis.

A computer study i s being initiated f o r shaping c u r v e s on the a c c e l e r a t i o n v e r s u s t i m e d i s p l a y f o r rough-down and c r o s s - r a n g e c o n t r o l and p r i m a r y s y s t e m m o n i t o r i n g .
M e r c u r y flight data w e r e r e q u e s t e d f o r evaluation of low level a c c e l e r a t i o n environment a t the e n t r y i n t e r f a c e .

An e r r o r a n a l y s i s was completed t.\raliinting cntl-y guidance sc h e m e s r e l a t i v e to touchdown e r r o r s . Included w e r e r o l l i n g , lifting open-loop, aiid lifting c l o s e d - loop sclicme s,
A docunient was i s s u e d containing information f r o m s e v e r a l s o u r c e s A of o n - b o a r d navigation aiid guidance e r r o r s f o r the l u n a r m i s s i o n . document was also i s s u e d d e s c r i b i n g the a l t e r n a t e e r r o r instability of tlie IMU d u r i n g e n t r y . AS a r e s u l t of i n \ e s t i g a t l o n on the back-up midcoursc, guidance s t u d y , f o r m u l a s w e r e clevclopcd and p r o g r a m m e d for tlie d e t e r m i n a t l o n of a n a p p r o x i m a t e o r b i t for the miclcoursc l u n a r xoyage. T h e effects of photographic e r r o r s , m e a s u r e m c n t e r r o r s , nncl p a r a m e t e r u n c e r t a i n t i e s on computed 1 c l o c i t i c s , positions, and e n t r y conditions w e r e a l s o deterininecl.
A back-up guidance technique study h a s b e e n iiiaLe which u t i l i z e s a two-body approximation method. T h i s study i s b a s e d upon the u s e of o pti c a1 and photog I-a phi c nie a s u r e m e nt s and in c o r po r a t e s e ne r g y r e la t i o n s h i p s and l e a s t - s q u a r e e s t i n i a t e s of velocity aiid a n g u l a r nioiiientuni.
Data a r c being analyzed to d e t e r n i i n e t h r u s t a t t i t u d c f o r o n e - i n i p u l s e f r o n i e a r t h o r b i t . T h e ca s v f o r r e t u r n f r o m LOO-nautical m i l e o r b i t ~i11d100-nautical m i l e o r b i t i s a l n i o s t coniplete.

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E,irtli rljital guidance e f f e c t of d e n s i t y u n c e r t a i n t i e s on o r b i t precliction \ v a 5 clctcrii~ii~ecl r v a r i o u s o r b i t a l a l t i t u d e s . fo
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coh simulation on t r a n s e a r t h injection i s p r e s e n t l y being conducted to

deteriiiine mechanization e r r o r s a f t e r injection f o r v a r i o u s injection techniques s u c h a s C - m a t r i x , explicit. and A v guidance. Guida1ic.e pliilosopliy efforts a r e continuing to g e n e r a t e guidance mechanization s c h e m e s which will r e s u l t in su(.c:essful rendezvous. A method of obtaining t r a n s l a t i o n a l veloc.ities f o r r e n d e z v o u s , a two-dimensional zuida1ic.e sc.lieme, a t h r r e - d i m e n s i o n a l guidance s c h e m e , and a docking s c h e m e a r e the a reas \vliic.h ha\-e been e s t a b l i s h e d . -An e r r o r - a n a l y s i s propagation m a t r i x r e l a t i n g i n j e c t i o n - e r r o r s t o f i n d - e r r o r s along a c i r c u l a r , o r n e a r l y c i r c u l a r . t r a n s f e r path w a s mechanized on the digital computer. The iiiininiuni nuniber of r e a c t i o n j e t s t o a c c o m p l i s h rendezvous i s csta'olished. T h e number of reaction j e t s n e c e s s a r y f o r m i d c o u r s e -r:iclance i s e s t a b l i s h e d . The recl\.iir(:1il<>!lts ( j f e x c e s s fuel for r e : : d e z v o u s t o o7:ercoiiie iiiooii tiaiaxiality effects a r e establislied. k'uel r e q u i r e m e n t s f o r liunar a s c e n t and trai:sfer a r e being i n v c s t i g a t c d i n p r s p a r a t i o l l f u r a l u e l \ - e r s u s guidance e r r o r trade-off s t u d y ,
A r e p o r t i s being p r e p a r e d dealing with c r i t e r i a p e r t i n e n t t o the choice of a l u n a r parking o r b i t altitude f o r the Apollo s p a c e c r a f t complete with a l u n a r e x c u r s i o n module. -4 fuel econom)- study i s nearing completion. T h i s study i n d i c a t e s t h a t for a r e l a t i v e l y light l u n a r e x c u r s i o n module ( f o r e x a m p l e , 22.00 poiuids a s c e n t payload and -i-.i-OO p g u n d s de s c e n t payload, with a n inbound a n d outbound hyperbolic e x c e s s \-elocity of 1 k i l n n i p t r r p e r second) a n o r b i t of 5 5 0 s t a t u t e m i l e s m a y save oxrer 1 0 0 0 pounds of fuel o v e r a n 8 0 n a u t i c a l m i l e o r b i t . The fuel p e n a l t y h a s been computed f o r m o r e t h a n 80 nautical m i l e o r b i t s f o r a relatively 1ieaL.y l u n a r e x c u r s i o n m o d u l e ,
Gualitative guidance considerations which should influence the choice

of parking o r b i t altitude a r e being i n v e s t i g a t e d .
E f f o r t s of t h i s p a s t m o n t h \ v e r e devoted t o a study of the application of t h e methods of P o n t r y a g i n ' s Maximum P r i n c i p l e and Kalman' s O t p i m u m C o n t r o l to the p r o b l e n i of optimized s p a c e flight navigation. The b a s i c p u r p o s e of t h i s study i s t o determine if t h e s e methods c a n be applied t o the navigational p r o b l e m a n d , if s o , to what d e g r e e o Advantages and disadvantages a r e a l s o being c o n s i d e r e d .
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S P A C E and INbWRMATION S Y S T E M S DIVISION
COMPUTER ANALYSIS
A r e p o r t was published which defines s o m e of the k n o w n m a j o r navigation and guidance SCS i n t e r f a c e p r o b l e m a r e a s , A g e n e r a l functional block d i a g r a m of the guidance and control s y s t e m has been published. A division aiid 3. sc,t of doitblc p r e c i s i o n s u b r o u t i n e s have been w r i t t e n f o r the Apollo guidance coiiiputcr (-qGC), T h e s e a r e being debugged on th,. IBM 7 0 9 0 AGC functional s i n i d a t o r .
W o r k continues o n the -AGC IiiechaniLation of the explicit guidance technique f o r a s c e n t a b o r t :;uidance. A g e n e r a l flow c h a r t h a s been
prepared. The AGC fxnctional s i m u l a t o r on the I B M 7 0 9 0 coniputer i s being checked out. Work i s i n p r o g r e s s to s i m u l a t e the SCS i n o r d e r to complete phase 1 of s y s t e m s i m u l a t i o n . A r e p o r t describing guidance and c o n t r o l ' s flight dynamic s i m u l a t i o n effort ( P h a s e 111) i s published. The type of h a r d w a r e r e q u i r e d f o r AGC r ea1 - tinie s i n i d a t i o n i s s pe cif ie d. Data o n t h e flight table specification i s being g a t h e r e d , and the si niu1a t i o t i c o iiipu t e r 1- e q iii r e m e n t s a r e Le i ng inv e s t i g a t e d .
The 3D a s c e n t t r a j e c t o r y p r o g r a m i s being debugged. The 3 D rendezvous p r o g r a m i s i n checkout. The l u n a r rendezvous s e n s i t i v i t i e s p r o g r a m i s i n production. The explicit guidance tec1ii;ique siiniulation p r o g r a m i s i n production. The o n e - inipul se d (, o I- b i t
p r g r a m i s in pi-oduc t i c) t i
T h e back-up t r a n s e a r t h iiijcction guidance sy s t e n i p r o g r : l ~ i i has been coded and i s being checked out.
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coThe onboard c o m p u t e r sampling r a t e p r o g r a m w a s r u n s u c c e s s f u l l y f o r one t e s t c a s e . During the next p e r i o d , work will continue on development of c o m p u t e r p r o g r a m s to evaluate v a r i o u s a s c e n t guidance s c h e m e s . E r r o r a n a l y s i s of adaptive guidance will be p e r f o r m e d . E f f o r t will continue on the back-up to t h e p r i m a r y navigation a n d guidance s y s t e m . A study of e r r o r a n a l y s i s on f u e l v e r s u s e r r o r trade-off will be conducted. R e p o r t s w i l l be w r i t t e n concerning the r e s u l t s of s t u d i e s of P o n t r y a g i n ' s Maximum P r i n c i p l e and K a l m a n ' s Optimum Control as applied to s p a c e flight navigation p r o b l e m s .
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COMMAND MODULE STRUCTURE AND SUBSYSTEM INSTALLATION (General O r d e r 7 137) EVALUATORS The s e a t configuration f o r evaluator 2 is r e l e a s e d for fabrication. This mock-up, originally scheduled a s s e m i h a r d m o c k - u p 1, i s now p a r t of the evaluator p r o g r a m . Engineering e f f o r t is continuing to i n c o r p o r a t e the crew couches, m i s c e l l a n e o u s l i f e s y s t e m h a r d w a r e , windows, and g e n e r a l i n t e r i o r equipment bays. MOCK-UPS The a c c e s s d o o r s a r e removed f r o m the right hand equipment bay of m o c k - u p 3 . During the next r e p o r t p e r i o d , m o c k - u p 3 w i l l be shipped to NASA. The l a t e s t s p a c e c r a f t design information is being i n c o r p o r a t e d into mock-ups 2, 5, 8, 18, and 19. Information on the aft h e a t shield, c o m p r e s s i o n pad fittings, and aft c o m p a r t m e n t f r a m e s of mock-ups 18 and 19 w e r e r e l e a s e d f o r fabrication. M e t a l couches w i l l be u s e d on mock-ups 2, 18, and 19. A l l engineering information concerning m o c k - u p 12 i s r e l e a s e d to manufacturing.
B O I L E R P LATES
T e s t Vehicle 1 The m a i n s h e l l a s s e m b l y and final a s s e m b l y drawings a r e r e v i s e d , and the top a s s e m b l y drawing i s complete. The two i m p a c t shock s t r u t fittings f o r the a f t h e a t shield a r e r e l e a s e d . B a l l a s t and installation drawings a r e a l s o r e l e a s e d . T e s t Vehicle 2 The aft h e a t shield complete s t r u c l x r e and b a l l a s t installation drawings a r e f i n i s h e d . The aft bulkhead has been r e d e s i g n e d in a n a t t e m p t to o v e r c o m e p r o b l e m s of weld cracking. The i m p a c t shock s t r u t fitting f o r the aft h e a t s h i e l d is r e l e a s e d .
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T e s t Vehicles 3 and 1 9 Two d e t a i l drawings of the d r o g u e p a r a c h u t e a s s e m b l y a r e r e l e a s e d . Design of dummy s t r u c t u r e i s being completed t o s i m u l a t e components o t h e r than p a r a c h u t e r e l e a s e s y s t e m s i n the f o r w a r d c o m p a r t m e n t a r e a . The b a l l a s t a n d installation drawings f o r t h e s e b o i l e r p l a t e s a r e r e l e a s e d and the b a l l a s t weight design f o r the o v e r l o a d condition i s i n work. The f o r w a r d bulkhead, the r e l e a s e s y s t e m f a i r i n g , and drogue p a r a c h u t e support a r e r e l e a s e d . Design and drawing e f f o r t is continuing on s u p p o r t s t r u c t u r e drawings and c h a n g e s r e q u i r e d f o r the f o r w a r d c o m p a r t m e n t c o v e r and ejection m e c h a n i s m . T e s t Vehicle 5 and Subsequent Vehicles R e v i s e d a s s e m b l y d r a w i n g s of the m a i n s h e l l and f o r w a r d bulkhead a r e r e l e a s e d . The a f t s t r u c t u r e drawing f o r the m a i n s h e l l i s being r e v i s e d , and the s h o c k - s t r u t r e l e a s e m e c h a n i s m d r a w i n g s a r e r e l e a s e d . T e s t Vehicle 6 Information f o r the e l e c t r i c a l and ECS u m b i l i c a l s through the a f t h e a t shield is being i n c o r p o r a t e d into the a f t h e a t shield drawing. The s y s t e m s u p p o r t s t r u c t u r e i s r e a d y f o r r e l e a s e , a n d two d e t a i l d r a w i n g s of the d r o g u e p a r a c h u t e a s s e m b l y a r e r e l e a s e d . The h o r i z o n t a l s e a t fittings a r e being r e d e s i g n e d and r e s t r e s s e d . The h a r d - p o i n t fittings a r e r e l e a s e d , a n d w o r k h a s been initiated on the equipment r a c k s . T e s t Vehicle 8 The e g r e s s hatch i s being detailed. a i r l o c k d e s i g n s a r e also i n work. C r e w Couches Boilerplate c r e w couches a r e 100 p e r c e n t r e l e a s e d f o r b o i l e r p l a t e 6 and 21. The principal change f r o m the o r i g i n a l b o i l e r p l a t e 1 a n d 2 c o u c h design w a s that s t r u c t u r a l c l e v i s joints w e r e i n c o r p o r a t e d between c e n t e r and s i d e couch c r o s s b e a m s . Impac t Atten tua ti on All r e q u i r e d i m p a c t attenuation d r a w i n g s a r e r e l e a s e d f o r b o i l e r p l a t e s through 21. E f f o r t s a r e now d i r e c t e d to r e f i n e m e n t of e x i s t i n g d e s i g n s and to s t u d i e s of a l t e r n a t e d e s i g n s with the objective of i n c r e a s i n g r e l i a b i l i t y , reducing weight envelope s i z e s , and i m p r o v i n g operating c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s . The s i m u l a t e d blowout p a n e l a n d
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Studies a r e being conducted to develop a p a s s i v e v e r t i c a l a i r f r a m e s h o c k - s t r u t . A r e - u s a b l e crew s h o c k - s t r u t is a l s o being studied. Shocks t r u t d r o p t e s t s a r e in p r o g r e s s . B o i l e r d a t e Heat Shield F a b r i c a t i o n of boilerplate heat s h i e l d s is in p r o g r e s s . Two units a r e completed, and the d e t a i l sections r e q u i r e d f o r final adhesive bonding of the t h i r d unit a r e completed. T h e s e expendable units w i l l be utilized instead of the conventional ablative h e a t shields for the boilerplate t e s t program. STRUCTURAL DESIGN The following Apollo T e s t R e q u i r e m e n t (ATR) documents a r e r e l e a s e d , they include t e s t s e t - u p , l o a d s , environment, t e s t sequence, and r e q u i r e d data . Command Module T e s t s
~~
ATR 201 ATR 203 ATR 205 ATR 206-1
Landing Impact and Stability, Land and Water Model T e s t
Landing Impact
Vibration Test of Typical S t r u c t u r a l T e s t s Vibration and a c o u s t i c T e s t s of Typical S e r v i c e Module P a n e l Sections Vibration and Acoustic T e s t s of Typical Adapter P a n e l Section E s c a p e Rocket S t a t i c T e s t s Sealing of Hatch and Windows Sealing of Airlock Components Mechanical Device T e s t s
ATR 206-2
ATR 207 ATR 210-3 ATR 211-3
ATR 102-5 ATR 103-1
P e r f o r m a n c e Verification of G r a y and Huleguard L a n y a r d Strength, Vibration, and Functional T e s t of Separation S y s t e m of Command Module ( b o i l e r p l a t e s 3 , 5, and 19) Impact Attenuation Sys t e m Component T e s t s Honeycomb S t r u t Assembly
0
- 3 -
ATR 105-1
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- 83 SID 62-300-6
SPACE and INFORXIATIOS S k S T I . : X l S D I \ . I S l O h
ATR 105-2
I m p a c t Attenuation S y s t e m Component T e s t s A i r -Oil S t r u t Assembly Evaluation of L i n e a r -Shaped C h a r g e F o r w a r d C o m p a r t m e n t H e a t Shield R e l e a s e S y s t e m f o r boilerplates 3 , 5, and 19.
ATR 106-1 ATR 108
HEAT SHIELD ATR P r o g r a m A l l h e a t shield drawings f o r the s t r u c t u r a l component t e s t p r o g r a m a r e r e l e a s e d with the exception of the f o r w a r d h e a t s h i e l d j e t t i s o n fitting. T h i s is n e a r i n g completion. Shield Component T e s t T h r e e design s t u d i e s a r e being conducted: r e m o v a l of i m p a c t a t t e n uation s y s t e m , shift of cdmmand-module - s e r v i c e - m o d u l e s h e a r t i e t o aft h e a t shield, and reduction of a b o r t rocket t h r u s t .
A proposed t e s t plan and data r e q u i r e m e n t s w e r e submitted f o r the a b l a t i v e panels required i n the c o m m a n d module e n t r y h e a t s h i e l d component tests.
P r o p o s e d loadings f o r the c o m m a n d module sidewall s t r u c t u r a l component t e s t s a r e being reviewed to d e t e r m i n e i f all c r i t i c a l conditions a r e included and if the applied l o a d s a g r e e with loadings u s e d f o r a n a l y s e s Crew Compartment F o u r f a c i n g s h e e t s a n d two panel d r a w i n g s in t h i s h e a t shield a r e a a r e being r e v i s e d to r e f l e c t the d e s i g n i n s t a l l a t i o n r e q u i r e m e n t s f o r the a t t i t u d e c o n t r o l pitch and yaw engines. Twelve s p a c e c r a f t drawings of the c r e w c o m p a r t m e n t h e a t s h i e l d a r e r e l e a s e d , and 20 o t h e r s a r e being completed. D e t a i l layout e f f o r t is being d i r e c t e d toward the design of the window c o v e r d o o r s , h a t c h , a n d b r e a k o u t panel shaped- change i n s tallation. F o r w a r d Compartment The new launch e s c a p e tower e l e c t r i c a l - d i s c o n n e c t plug configuration is being incorporated in the f o r w a r d c o m p a r t m e n t h e a t s h i e l d b a s i c layout. Detail drawings of the new h e a t s h i e l d j e t t i s o n f i t t i n g a r e in w o r k .
- 84 SID 62-300-6
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SPACE and I N F O R M A T I O N SYSTEMS D I V I S I O N

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F o r w a r d Heat Shield The f o r w a r d heat shield i s being analyzed t o d e t e r m i n e t h e dynamic r e s p o n s e of the s t r u c t u r e to t h e ejection f o r c e . The s t r u c t u r a l deflection will show the s i z e of a n equivalent s t a t i c load. T h i s will s e r v e a s a b a s i s for further analysis. The f o r w a r d h e a t shield i s a l s o being a n a l y z e d f o r t h e m a x i m u m u n s y m m e t r i c a l air load. S h e l l moments a r e being c a l c u l a t e d f o r t h e i n d e t e r m i n a t e ring section between the tie-down f i t t i n g s at the b a s e . F r o m t h e s e m o m e n t s , the p r o p e r section c a n be d e t e r m i n e d . Analysis of the e j e c t o r fitting i s completed. The upper and l o w e r r i n g a n a l y s i s and the a n a l y s i s of tie-down fittings i s continuing. A n a l y s i s of t h e dome hinge a n d m e c h a n i s m i s s t a r t e d . The h e a t shield sandwich panel drawing i s a l s o being analyzed t o d e t e r m i n e the suitability of the p a r a c h u t e s t o r a g e a r e a of the f o r w a r d c o m p a r t m e n t design f o r the applicable t e s t loading conditions. Aft C o m p a r t m e n t A l l aft c o m p a r t m e n t h e a t shield d e t a i l d r a w i n g s a r e r e l e a s e d . A l l sandwich panel a s s e m b l i e s a n d the a s s e m b l y and insulation a s s e m b l y d r a w i n g s a r e being completed. A study concerning the feasibility of installing the e l e c t r i c a l u m b i l i c a l t h r o u g h the aft h e a t s h i e l d b y the u s e of a s t r u c t u r a l , i n t e g r a t e d , r e m o v a b l e plug w a s completed. The d e s i g n study f o r the command module - t o - s e r v i c e module s t r u c t u r a l connection though the aft h e a t shield is complete. T h i s study w i l l be handled a s a c o n t r o l layout f o r design information f o r s t r u c t u r a l a n a l y s i s , t h e r m o d y n a m i c s , m e c h a n i s m s , and Avco ablation m a t e r i a l d e s i g n . Aft Heat Shield Two weight s t u d i e s w e r e conducted on the a f t h e a t s h i e l d . The f i r s t study a s s u m e d t h a t the t h r u s t of the launch e s c a p e s y s t e m m o t o r w a s r e duced t o 1 2 0 , 0 0 0 pounds. The second study a s s u m e d an 8 0 0 F t e m p e r a t u r e i n t h e h e a t shield s t r u c t u r e during i m p a c t attenuation.
A study w a s m a d e i n which v a r i o u s methods of r e i n f o r c i n g f a s t e n e r h o l e s i n honeycomb sandwich s t r u c t u r e w e r e investigated including spot b r a z i n g , a r e a b r a z i n g , i n d i r e c t r e s i s t a n c e spot welding, a r c spot welding, 2 rlhe S i V P Scr,dir,g, ar,d e ? e c t r s p l a t i n g .
SID 6 2 - 3 0 0 - 6
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IMPACT ATTENUATION SYSTEM The m a j o r effort during the p a s t month h a s been d i r e c t e d to a study of the feasibility of removing the a i r f r a m e i m p a c t attenuation s y s t e m . This study indicates that the s y s t e m can be r e m o v e d at s u b s t a n t i a l weight reduction if w a t e r landings only a r e c o n s i d e r e d and if the s e a state is I I o r l e s s . If I e a r t h landings a r e a l s o c o n s i d e r e d , a s u b s t a n t i a l reduction of the i m p a c t c r i t e r i a m u s t be m a d e t o m a i n t a i n the p r e s e n t weight. The r e v i s e d i m p a c t c r i t e r i a specifies h o r i z o n t a l velocities of 20 fps n o r m a l landing and 29 f p s e m e r g e n c y landing. Data indicate wind velocities in e x c e s s of 34 fps m a y b e expected 20 percent of the t i m e . F o r the sake of r e l i a b i l i t y , S&ID will m a i n t a i n the a i r f r a m e attenuation s y s t e m until d r o p t e s t s a r e completed and d a t a i s analyzed. The shock s t r u t d r o p t e s t s have continued with the f i r s t f u l l load (1500 pounds) a t 2 2 f p s . The aft h e a t shield r e l e a s e m e c h a n i s m t e s t r e q u i r e m e n t s a r e r e w o r k e d and updated.
By crowding the couches, i t would be p o s s i b l e to double y-y axis (eyeballs right o r left) s t r o k e . The y - y condition b e c o m e s the m o s t c r i t i c a l because the r e q u i r e m e n t f o r r o l l orientation p r i o r to i m p a c t h a s been deleted by NASA. The i n c r e a s e d s t r o k e (without the a i d of h e a t s h i e l d attenuation) i s still insufficient to p r e v e n t c r e w injury with p r e s e n t landing velocity, and t e r r a i n conditions.
One solution r e c o m m e n d e d would involve modification of design c r i t e r i a to r e q u i r e only water landing and to a r b i t r a r i l y r e d u c e m a x i m u m wind a n d s e a s t a t e r e q u i r e m e n t s . S&ID believes t h a t this would i n s u r e c r e w safety a s long a s the e n t r y path and the w e a t h e r m e t specifications. Within the p r e s e n t i n t e r n a l command module s p a c e envelope, d e s i g n a p p r o a c h e s a r e being taken a s follows: 1. Couch s t r u c t u r e and a d j u s t m e n t m e c h a n i s m s a r e being studied f o r a s t r o n a u t s i n knees-up positions during i m p a c t . Removal o r s t o r a g e of the c o n t r o l s y s t e m handle s u p p o r t s on the couch when the a s t r o n a u t s a s s u m e k n e e s - u p i m p a c t position is being studied. Concepts involving repositioning of the c r e w to gain i n c r e a s e d shock attenuation t r a v e l along e a c h a x i s a r e being c o n s i d e r e d . Methods of d e c r e a s i n g the total depth of t h e combined couch back, side b e a m s , and l a t e r a l b e a m s a r e being sought to gain additional t r a v e l along the X -X axis.
2.
3.
4.
- 86 SID 6 2 - 3 0 0 - 6
ram"
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C r e w Hatch A layout drawing i s s t a r t e d f o r the outward-opening m e c h a n i c a l c r e w hatch. A purely m e c h a n i c a l h a t c h - r e l e a s e m e c h a n i s m employing teleflex w i l l be i n c o r p o r a t e d in this layout. Work w i l l s t a r t on the design of a r e v i s e d flush-mounted hatch window (suitable for n o r m a l viewing) replace the p r e s e n t canted downward-viewing hatch window designed for lunar landing. Astro-Sextant Doors A drawing of the doors and door m e c h a n i s m s h a s been p r e p a r e d . Airlock and Docking The e s t a b l i s h m e n t of a basic a i r l o c k and docking design c r i t e r la w e r e ' d i s c u s s e d with NASA. NASA p r e f e r s closed-hatch docking and o n e - m a n lock operation. SLID b a s e s i t s design on open-hatch, t w o - m a n lock operation The S&ID s y s t e m h a s r e a c h e d the detailing s t a g e . A m o c k - u p and t e s t plan r e l e a s e awaits d e c i s i o n a s to which concept w i l l be used. S&ID proposed a new lunar e x c u r s i o n module docking configuration u s i n g a n adapter capable of joining e i t h e r the c o m m a n d module o r excursion module to the a d a p t e r a s a housing for a shock attenuation s y s t e m . A p r e l i m i n a r y study to d e t e r m i n e shock s t r u t s i z e and weight for v a r i o u s closing velocitities and g attenuations h a s been s t a r t e d . A closed-hatch s y s t e m is being c o n s i d e r e d which would e n t i r e l y e l i m i n a t e the air lock. P e r s o n s t r a n s f e r r i n g t o and f r o m t h e l u n a r e x c u r s i o n module would always be in a p r e s s u r i z e d environment. A t m o s p h e r i c changes would be n e c e s s a r y only if they went f r o m the command module into s p a c e . A g r e e n i s n t on this system can pave the way to finalization of s p a c e c r a f t docking h a r dwar e. S &ID advanced the existing air l o c k m e c h a n i s m design by positioning the f o r w a r d hatch-locking clamps outside the air lock. SYSTEM EQUIPMENT INSTALLATION Crew Compartment A study h a s been s t a r t e d to d e t e r m i n e the feasibility of obtaining m o r e volume f o r the c r e w couch shock attenuation s y s t e m by reducing
SID 6 2 - 3 0 0 - 6
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SPACE and INFOR>IATION S Y S T E X l S D I V I S I O S
o r relocating t h e equipment in the c r e w c o m p a r t m e n t . This study is based on the possible elimination of the aft shield attenuation s y s t e m . A study i s being completed concerning the e f f e c t s of a m a j o r relocation and c o m p r e s s i o n of equipment upon the c o m m a n d module c e n t e r of g r a v i t y . An effort is being m a d e in t h i s study to m o v e the center of gravity a s far a s possible in a t Z direction to m a k e a n effective i n c r e a s e in the l i f t / d r a g of the capsule.
A study of one concept of a n umbilical plus d e s i g n f o r t h e l o w e r h e a t s h i e l d installation is complete. S y s t e m support d r a w i n g s on t h e fixed sextant a n d telescope i n s t a l l a t i o n a r e com2leted. A m a j o r design e f f o r t i s u n d e r way t o establish the i n t e r f a c e between equipment s u p p o r t s a n d p r i m a r y structure.
F o r w a r d Compartment F i n a l detail equipment a r r a n g e m e n t i s complete except f o r m i n o r d e t a i l s . Studies a r e being m a d e concerning the m a n n e r in which this c o m p a r t m e n t will be affected by changes in the c r e w c o m p a r t m e n t , caused by the proposed elimination of the h e a t s h i e l d shock attenuation s y s t e m . Aft C o m p a r t m e n t The proposed elimination of the lower h e a t s h i e l d shock attenuation s y s t e m a n d the r e s u l t i n g changes in c o m p a r t m e n t volume r e q u i r e m e n t s a r e being studied. Initial design w o r k on the potable w a t e r and cooling w a t e r tank s u p p o r t s is complete. Layout work i s continuing o n propellant valve panel a s s e m b l y supports a n d l i n e routing s u p p o r t s . E l e c t r i c a l and h a r d line u m b i l i c a l s i n the lower h e a t shield a r e l o c a t e d . STRUCTURAL ANA LYSIS Weight Control Layouts a r e being p r e p a r e d to s u b s t a n t i a t e t h e r e q u i r e d m a j o r relocation of items i n a l l equipment bays a s a m e a n s of c o r r e c t i n g the c e n t e r of gravity p r o b l e m . The horizontal shock s t r u t fitting on t h e inner cabin s t r u c t u r e is being analyzed for loading conditions a s follows:
1.
Line of action of s t r u t loads 3 d e g r e e s off t h e n o m i n a l with a n ultimate load of 4 9 , 50ci pounds tension in one cylinder a n d 49, 5 b b pounds ultimate c o m p r e s s i o n in the a d j a c e n t c y l i n d e r .
- 88 SID 6 2 - 3 0 0 - 6
NORTH A M E R I C A N AVIATION, INC
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Line of action either 0 d e g r e e s o r 3 d e g r e e s off nominal with a load of 49, 500 pounds u l t i m a t e , e i t h e r tension o r c o m p r e s s i o n , acting i n only one cylinder. Line of action 9 . 5 d e g r e e s off nominal with a n u l t i m a t e c o m p r e s sion load of 49, 500 pounds acting simultaneously i n both c y l i n d e r s . Line of action 7 . 5 d e g r e e s off nominal with a n u l t i m a t e tension l o a d of 49, 5 0 0 pounds acting simultaneously i n both c y l i n d e r s .
3.
4.
M o r e detailed a n a l y s i s i s i n p r o c e s s on the e m e r g e n c y blow-out panel to d e t e r m i n e the m i n i m u m thickness p e r m i s s a b l e i n t h i s a r e a .

A p r e l i m i n a r y redundant l o a d a n a l y s i s of the s p a c e c r a f t aft sidewall s t r u c t u r e i s being p e r f o r m e d to provide m o r e a c c u r a t e data f o r the sizing of aft sidewall s k i n s .
Forward Compartment A study h a s been c a r r i e d out t o d e t e r m i n e the s t r u c t u r a l effects of relocating the m a i n parachute a t t a c h m e n t point to give a p a r a c h u t e angle of 5 d e g r e e s to the X a x i s . A n a l y s i s of the f o r w a r d bulkhead f o r i n t e r n a l p r e s s u r e and equipment tie-down i s continuing. Analysis on the a s s u m e d curved b e a m supporting the couch attenuation s y s t e m fittings i n the f o r w a r d bulkhead i s being finalized , C r e w Couches An a n a l y s i s of the dynamics of the s e a t attenuation s y s t e m h a s been conducted to d e t e r m i n e actual s e a t positions f o r v a r i o u s d r o p heights and attitudes. A dynamic check of the boilerplate couch w a s r u n to define the position of the s e a t under m a x i m u m load. T h i s information w a s u s e d to analyze the c o u c h e s until c r i t e r i a become available f r o m the d r o p t e s t p r o g r a m . A dynamic check of the s e a t f o r a v e r t i c a l d r o p velocity of 30 f e e t p e r second w a s completed, and i n e r t i a loads, s e a t position, and onset r a t e s w e r e investigated. Attenuator loads f r o m the b o i l e r p l a t e a n a l y s i s w e r e applied to the couch d e s i g n f o r a p r e l i m i n a r y sizing of m e m b e r s . The couch a t t e n u a t o r l o a d s w e r e i s s u e d f o r d e s i g n of the c o m m a n d module p r i m a r y s t r u c t u r e .
- 89 SID 6 2 - 3 0 0 - 6
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AIR LOCK
An evaluation i s being m a d e of a proposed design f o r the m a i n p a r a c h u t e a t t a c h m e n t to the a i r lock t o p ring. Two a t t a c h m e n t fitting d e s i g n concepts have been evaluated. A study i s being m a d e to d e t e r m i n e the axial, s h e a r , and m o m e n t load capacity of the p r e s e n t design of the air l o c k t o p r i n g t o e s t a b l i s h docking l o a d s . GROUND SUPPORT EQUIPMENT
A s u m m a r y r e p o r t f o r ground s u p p o r t equipment l o a d s to boilerplate command module s t r u c t u r e is compiled a n d f o r m a l i z e d .
The command module f o r w a r d c o m p a r t m e n t cover sling a s s e m b l y is r e l e a s e d . Drawings for the equipment handling s e t a r e being completed. Launch e s c a p e s y s t e m sling loads f o r the v a r i o u s a s s e m b l y configurations w e r e computed again. One drawing of the tubular s u p p o r t b s s e f o r the vehicles with f i b e r g l a s s h e a t s h i e l d s i s being analyzed. LANDING IMPACT TEST Boilerplate 25 w a s t e s t - d r o p p e d in t h e S&ID pool. The m e a s u r e d a c c e l e r a t i o n s compared with the predicted a c c e l e r a t i o n s a r e shown below: Table 2. Drop No. Drop 3eight
3 ft
Predicted Versus Measured Accelerations

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Vert Vel
fDS
Fitch Angle 5 deg. 5 deg. 15 deg. 15 d e g . 15 d e g . 15 d e g .
? r e d i c t ed G
Recorded G between 5&15 between 2 L & 4 b between 5&15 l e s s than 15 l e s s than 15
Accelerometers G 5 , 15, 26, 4 0 , 50 5 , 15, 2 0 , 4 C , 50 5 , 15, 2 C , 4b, 56 15, 20, 3 0 , 4 G , 50 15, 20, 3 0 , 4 C , 5L
13. 9
9. 7
16. 2
5 ft 5ft 5 ft
18.
18. 0
9. 0 9. c,
12. 5
111. 0
7 ft
C )
21. 2
ft
24. 0
16. 0
C between 15&2C 15, 2 0 , 3 b , 4L, 5
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FORGED RINGS
P h a s e I of a feasibility study t o d e t e r m i n e whether r o l l e d - r i n g forgings can be u s e d r a t h e r than die forgings w a s completed. The r o l l e d r i n g forgings did not s a t i s f y m e t a l l u r g i c a l r e q u i r e m e n t s ; weldability t e s t s showed t e n s i l e s t r e n g t h s varied f r o m 20, 0 0 0 to 52, G O O p s i . Hand f o r g i n g s , however, had t e n s i l e s t r e n g t h s of 4 4 , CLO to 5 2 , 0 0 0 p s i . T h e s e s t r e n g t h s do s a t i s f y m e t a l l u r g i c a l r e q u i r e m e n t s . Additional r o l l e d r i n g s a r e being evaluated with r e g a r d to m e t a l l u r g i c a l s t r u c t u r e a n d a r e a l i s t i c m i n i m u m design allowable. An e f f o r t will be m a d e to d e t e r m i n e a positive method f o r inspecting t h e s e r i n g s f r o m the m e t a l u r g i c a l standpoint. An investigation i s in p r o c e s s to d e t e r m i n e the optimum r o l l e d - r i n g p r o c e s s i n g p a r a m e t e r s n e c e s s a r y to m e e t the specification requirements.
ADHESIVES
The study p r o g r a m concerning the effect of Apollo environment on a d h e s i v e s s y s t e m s f o r s t r u c t u r a l bonding applications on the s p a c e c r a f t is continuing in t h r e e p h a s e s . P h a s e 1, t e s t s of vacuum e x p o s u r e (10-9 T o r r ) on the l a p s h e a r and honeycomb t e n s i l e t e s t s p e c i m e n s , is still in p r o g r e s s . A l l t e s t sDecimens f o r p h a s e 2 a r e complete. T e m p e r a t u r e e x p o s u r e of bonded s a m p l e s at 3 C 0 F and 5G0 F a r e s t a r t e d . A plan of action is pending for p h a s e 3 of the p r o g r a m . Selection of a d h e s i v e s to be evaluated will be p r e d i c t e d on the r e s u l t s attained in p h a s e s I and 11.
Eight e l a s t o m e r i c s a m p l e s w e r e submitted to a vacuum r a n g e of l v 9 T o r r . P r e l i m i n a r y r e s u l t s indicate only a slight weight l o s s i n the to The r a t e of weight l o s s a p p e a r s to be i n c r e a s i n g after T o r r range r e a c h i n g the 1 0 - 8 T o r r r a n g e on a few of the s p e c i m e n s . IMPACT ATTENUATION Drop T e s t s Flotation and stability t e s t s on boilerplate 25 w e r e conducted a t t h e t e m p o r a r y w a t e r pool a t Downey. D r o p s w e r e m a d e ,Jnder v a r i e d a t t i t u d e s a n d d r o p heights. The maximum sink s p e e d investigated was 24 f e e t p e r second (9-feet d r o p ) a t a 15 degree pitch a n g l e .
91
SID 6 2 - 3 0 0 - 6
Facilities Detail design of the i m p a c t attenuation facility i s in p r o g r e s s . T h e d e s i g n s of the pendulum a r m s , support p l a t f o r m , and module s t a b i l i z e r jig a r e n e a r i n g completion. Until the facility i s completed, the command module boilerplate w i l l be dropped f r o m a m o b i l e c r a n e . T h e s e initial d r o p s w i l l be conducted with 3 0 channels of instrumentation. VIBRATION TESTS The t e s t c r i t e r a f o r the vibration t e s t s of s t r u c t u r a l panels have been i s s u e d . An e x p e r i m e n t a l investigation of boundary conduction of v a r i o u s panel-to-jig mountings w i l l be undertaken to d e t e r m i n e the mounting method which m o s t closely s i m u l a t e s the s e r v i c e boundary condition. A l l f i x t u r e s , weights and pannels, (except honeycomb p a n e l s ) have been p r o c u r e d f o r the panel vibration t e s t s on effects of m a s s loading. Vibration data r e c o r d i n g i s complete on all of the a l u m i n u m and r i g i d a m p panels in one a x i s . Testing i s now i n p r o g r e s s i n the o t h e r a x i s . ACOUSTIC THERMAL STUDY An investigation h a s been s t a r t e d concerning available heating s o u r c e s a b l e to withstand the combined t h e r m a l and a c o u s t i c e n v i r o n m e n t s and a b l e to produce h e a t flux m a g n i t u d e s . Candidate heating e l e m e n t s a r e being i n s t r u m e n t e d with a c c e l e r o m e t e r s and subjected to the a c o u s t i c e n v i r o n m e n t s to d e t e r m i n e c r i t i c a l r e s o n a n t m o d e s . A s s e m b l i e s with m i n o r o r no a p p a r e n t r e s o n a n t m o d e s will be e n e r g i z e d f o r s h o r t t i m e p e r i o d s and s u b j e c t e d again to the a c o u s t i c environment. ABLATIVE MATERIALS A composite s p e c i m e n w a s f a b r i c a t e d f r o m a s t e e l plate 0 . 5 inch thick with a piece of Avco ablative m a t e r i a l 0.6 2 5 inch thick bonded with Epon 931. S t r a i n gages w e r e attached to the odtside of the a b l a t i v e and to both s i d e s of the s t e e l p r i o r to bonding. When loaded w i t h a c o n s t a n t bending m o m e n t , the s t r a i n distribution proved to be l i n e a r through the s e c t i o n . A t a s t r e s s l e v e l on the back of the s t e e l of - 9 3 0 0 p s i , the bond f a i l e d . A c a n t i l e v e r e d specim e n will be fabricated to introduce bond s h e a r a t the m o n i t o r e d s e c t i o n s . FINISHES Effort to acquire a suitable f i n i s h f o r h i g h - s t r e n g t h s t e e l s is in p r o g r e s s . Existing f i n i s h e s , in coatings thin enough to m e e t d e s i g n t o l e r a n c e s p e c i f i c a tions, do not m e e t c o r r o s i o n - r e s i s t a n c e o r low s u b l i m a t i o n r a t e r e q u i r e m e n t s ,
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and a r e subject to hydrogen embrittlement. s p e c i m e n designs have been defined. GAS GENERATOR CHARGES
Hydrogen e m b r i t t l e m e n t t e s t
Shaped c h a r g e s of 10, 20, 50, and 100 c h a r g e s have been t e s t e d . Optimum stand-off d i s t a n c e s , maximum penetration depth, and propagation r a t e and fragmentation p a t t e r n were established. The 100 g r a i n s per foot l i n e a r c h a r g e w a s evaluated f o r capacity to cut honeycomb panel one inch thick. Gas g e n e r a t o r s i m u l a t o r s and r e s t r a i n e r s a r e f a b r i c a t e d . T e m p e r a t u r e chamber designs a r e being reviewed. T h e s e c h a m b e r s w i l l be u s e d to t e s t gas g e n e r a t o r c h a r g e s a t low a n d high t e m p e r a t u r e s . Methods for simulating the f o r w a r d h e a t shield m a s s and a t t a c h m e n t points a r e being evaluated. This t e s t s y s t e m will be utilized i n the development of g a s generator charges and t h r u s t e r timing. During the next r e p o r t period, development of the g a s g e n e r a t o r c h a r g e s f o r the f o r w a r d h e a t shield ejection s y s t e m will begin; t e s t f i x t u r e s and j i g s w i l l be f a b r i c a t e d . Mock-ups of tubing of v a r i o u s s i z e s w i l l be u s e d to d e t e r m i n e the satisfactory timing between t h r u s t e r s . F i t t i n g s f o r the t h r u s t e r tubing w i l l be a l s o evaluated.
- 93 SID 6 2 - 3 0 0 - 6
SERVICE PROPULSION SUBSYSTEM ( G e n e r a l O r d e r 7138)

PROPELLANT SYSTEM Pressurization Subsystem A definition of r e q u i r e m e n t s that will p r e v e n t propellant tank p r e s s u r e f r o m building up beyond regulator lock-up i s being sought. Calculations indicate that during the c o a s t t i m e following long p e r i o d s of engine o p e r a t i o n the p r o p e l l a n t tank p r e s s u r e s w i l l build up to v a l u e s i n e x c e s s of r e g u l a t o r lock-up and to values i n e x c e s s of the tank relief valve setting i n the oxidizer tank. This p r e d i c t e d p r e s s u r e i n c r e a s e i s c a u s e d by t e m p e r a t u r e r i s e of the tank ullage and by propellant v a p o r s a t u r a t i o n of the h e l i u m p r e ssurant. The h i g h e r p r e s s u r e s a s s o c i a t e d with different r a t e s of p r e s s u r e d e c a y i n t h e oxidizer and f u e l tanks following engine r e s t a r t ( F i g u r e 1 ) c a n c a u s e o x i d i z e r fuel r a t i o s h i f t s , unpredictable t h r u s t l e v e l s , and p o s s i b l e d e g r a d a tion of the engine.
U s e of the p r o p e l l a n t s t o h e a t the h e l i u m a p p e a r s to be the m o s t advantageous way of preventing p r e s s u r e build-up. Two methods of u s i n g the p r o p e l l a n t s a s a h e a t exchanger a r e u n d e r study ( F i g u r e 2). One method u s e s a conventional f u e l g a s heat exchanger. This method p r o v i d e s s i m p l e , a u t o m a t i c operation, and maintains ullage t e m p e r a t u r e c l o s e to the p r o p e l lant t e m p e r a t u r e . However, propellant t a n k p r e s s u r e s during c o a s t p e r i o d s still build u p to v a l u e s beyond regillator l o c k - u p b e c a u s e of the v a p o r p r e s s u r e . The r e s u l t i n g p r e s s u r e s p r e a d between the oxidizer and fuel t a n k s i s c o n s i d e r e d too l a r g e ( F i g u r e 1). The o t h e r method, a l s o s i m p l e a n d a u t o m a t i c , c o n s i s t s of bubbling the l o w - p r e s s u r e h e l i u m g a s through the p r o p e l l a n t s . The p r i m a r y advantage of this method i s that it s a t u r a t e s the d r y h e l i u m with propellant v a p o r at the t i m e of u s e . Additional analysis of t h i s method is intended to d e t e r m i n e the solubility of h e l i u m i n t h e propellants, the c a r r y - o v e r of gas bubbles into engine f e e d l i n e s , a n d the turbulence s u r r o u n d i n g the l e v e l - s e n s i n g gauge s y stem. C o n s i d e r a t i o n is being given to s i m u l t a n e o u s cut-off of h e l i u m s o u r c e p r e s s u r e when the engine is shut down. This would r e d u c e tank p r e s s u r e a t the initiation of a c o a s t period. ( T h i s mode of operation i s plotted i n F i g u r e 1. )
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During the next r e p o r t p e r i o d , detailed a n a l y s i s of the a p p r o a c h e s to the p r o p e l l a n t tank p r e s s u r e build-up p r o b l e m will be continued. Tank Configuration a n d Distribution S u b s y s t e m
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The propellant tanks w e r e lengthened t o a c c o m m o d a t e the i n c r e a s e of p r o p e l l a n t quantity f r o m 3 9 , 500 to 45, 0 0 0 pounds. Tank d i a m e t e r s w e r e not changed. The a r r a n g e m e n t of tanks,with c e n t e r - o f - g r a v i t y e x c u r s i o n , i s shown in F i g u r e 3 . Design effort and upgrading n e c e s s a r y to m e e t the r e l i a b i l i t y r e q u i r e m e n t s on the lengthened tank configuration will continue during the next r e p o r t period. HARDWARE P r o p o s a l s of p r o s p e c t i v e b i d d e r s on p r o p e l l a n t u t i l i z a t i o n a n d gaging components a r e being evaluated. R e q u e s t s f o r p r o p o s a l s have been i n i t i a t e d a n d s u p p l i e r bid p a c k a g e s a r e being a s s e m b l e d f o r d i s t r i b u t i o n to p r o s p e c t i v e s u p p l i e r s of t h e h e l i u m s y s t e m p r e s s u r e regulator. The h e l i u m s y s t e m f i l t e r s p e c i f i c a t i o n is i n final p r e p a r a t i o n . Specifications on the h e l i u m and p r o p e l l a n t p r e s s u r e - r e l i e f v a l v e s a n d the p r o p e l l a n t p r e s s u r e s y s t e m c h e c k valve will be r e l e a s e d d u r i n g the next r e p o r t period. MATERIAL COMPATIBILITY Expulsion Bladder Continued vacuum e x p o s u r e of the S t i l l m a n 634-70 butyl compound Torr showed l e s s than 0 . 5 p e r c e n t weight l o s s a f t e r 30 d a y s i n t h e range. The compound w a s found to be quite p e r m e a b l e to n i t r o u s t e t r o x i d e , but a l m o s t completely i m p e r m e a b l e to A e r o z i n e 50. The t e n s i l e s t r e n g t h of the compound, although r e l a t i v e l y good a f t e r e x p o s u r e to n i t r o u s t e t r o x i d e a t r o o m t e m p e r a t u r e , w a s d r a s t i c a l l y r e d u c e d a f t e r e x p o s u r e a t 100 F. S e a l Evaluation All the s e a l s p u r c h a s e d f o r t e s t have b e e n r e c e i v e d , a n d t e s t f i x t u r e s a r e be ing c o m p l et e d
98
SID 62-300-6
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A r r a n g e m e n t of T a n k s With C e n t e r of G r a v i t y E x c u r s i o n
- 99 SID 6 2 - 3 0 0 - 6
(0
Tube Welding and B r a z i n g P r e p a r a t i o n of s o l d e r - s e a l e d s p e c i m e n s with a t i n - s i l v e r - a n t i m o n y indium s o l d e r compatible with n i t r o u s t e t r o x i d e h a s been s t a r t e d . Copper m a n g a n e s e - n i c k e l b r a z i n g a l l o y s have been found to be incompatible with nitrous tetroxide , Union s p e c i m e n s have been f a b r i c a t e d and tube b r a z i n g h a s b e e n s t a r t e d . Axial tension s p e c i m e n s of aluminum-to-CRES have b e e n p r e p a r e d , l e a k c h e c k e d , a n d t e n s i l e t e s t e d . N o l e a k a g e o c c u r r e d until the s p e c i m e n s w e r e h e a t t r e a t e d . The s h e a r s t r e n g t h w a s not as high a s expected. A tube welding tool h a s b e e n designed and the drawing h a s b e e n r e l e a s e d f o r bid. During t h e next r e p o r t p e r i o d , P h a s e I1 ( c o m p l e t e e v a l u a t i o n ) of the S t i l l m a n butyl compound testing will be continued. O - r i n g s m a d e f r o m m a t e r i a l s s e l e c t e d f r o m P h a s e I t e s t s will be u s e d i n all P h a s e I1 t e s t s . Seal s c r e e n i n g t e s t s will begin, using the h e l i u m m a s s s p e c t r o g r a p h . The development of the b r a z i n g p r o c e s s will be continued and the d e s i g n of a b r a z i n g tool will be s t a r t e d . T e s t c r i t e r i a f o r t h e p r o p e l l a n t u t i l i z a t i o n s u b s y s t e m will be e s t a b l i s h e d . ROCKET ENGINES Engine Ins t a l l a t i o n The position and o r i e n t a t i o n s of the engine within t h e s e r v i c e module have b e e n established. Detail layouts a r e now i n p r o g r e s s t o define the engine and gimbal a c t u a t o r mounting p r o v i s i o n s . A study has b e e n i n i t i a t e d t o define the d e s i g n r e q u i r e m e n t s f o r the engine c o m p a r t m e n t c l o s e o u t p r o v i s i o n s . When the study i s c o m p l e t e d , t h e c l o s e o u t d e s i g n details will be e s t a b l i s h e d and c o o r d i n a t e d with A e r o j e t f o r physic a1 inte rface r e q u i r e m e n t s
The routing of the p r o p e l l a n t feed l i n e s on t h e engine i s e s t a b l i s h e d . Details of the physical i n t e r f a c e a r e being c o o r d i n a t e d with A e r o j e t . Test Program Nine engine f i r i n g s have been a c c o m p l i s h e d on full- s c a l e c h a m b e r s using two modified s t e e l i n j e c t o r s . Some c o m b u s t i o n i n s t a b i l i t y h a s bccn o b s e r v e d on each f i r i n g . The r u n s have r a n g e d i n d u r a t i o n f r o n i 1. 8 s e c o n d s t o 2.6 s e c o n d s , the m a x i m u m f o r s t a b l e o p e r a t i o n being a p p r o x i mately one second. Additional i n j e c t o r s with d i f f e r e n t hole pattc>rns arc' being m a n u f a c t u r e d and t e s t e d .
100
SII) 6 2 - 3 0 0 - 0
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Gimbal Actuator s The gimbal a c t u a t o r p e r f o r m a n c e r e q u i r e m e n t s have been r e v i s e d as a r e s u l t of the Apollo m i s s i o n redirection. The new r e q u i r e m e n t s a r e being analyzed to d e t e r m i n e t h e i r effect on peak and s t e a d y - s t a t e e l e c t r i c a l power r e q u i r e d and on gimbal actuator envelope weight. During the next r e p o r t period, one m o r e facility ( A e r o j e t - A z u s a ) will be added and will provide capabilities f o r t h r u s t - c h a m b e r f i r i n g s up to 200 seconds. The ablative t h r u s t chamber will be f i r e d to a n accumulated t i m e of 9 0 0 seconds using modified Titan i n j e c t o r s . The f i r s t Apollo prototype aluminum i n j e c t o r will be fabricated and will undergo initial firing. Complete definition of the engine vehicle interface will be accomplished. The r e v i s e d engine p r o c u r e m e n t specification will be r e l e a s e d .
101
SID 6 2 - 3 0 0 - 6

I
SERVICE MODULE STRUCTURE AND SUBSYSTEM INSTALLATION (General O r d e r 7 139) MOCK-UPS The s e r v i c e module f o r mock-ups 7 through 19 is r e l e a s e d for f a b r i c a tion. The feasibility of reworking the 124-inch s e r v i c e module to make it suitable f o r g e n e r a l display u s e i s under study. BOILERPLATES Because C-1 o r b i t capability is limited to 18, 500 pounds, studies a r e i n p r o g r e s s concerning the possible substitution of aluminum f o r 10:5 s t e e l on boilerplates 9 , 13, 15, 16, and 18. Boilerplate 6 will now include a complete s p a c e c r a f t s c p a r a t i o n s y s t e m . Boilerplate 9 will include a simulated s y s t e m only. All boilerp l a t e s subsequent to 9 will include s p a c e c r a f t s e p a r a t i o n s y s t e m s as r e qui r ed. S e r v i c e module drawings for boilerplates 12, 21, 22, and 23 a r e being completed. Work i s i n p r o g r e s s on the 155-inch long s e r v i c e module f o r b o i l e r p l a t e 14. Fuel and oxidizer tanks f o r this t e s t vehicle a r e redesigned to a c c o m m o d a t e 45, 0 0 0 pounds of propellants. WEIGHT CONTROL Weight effects w e r e estimated for s e v e r a l s e r v i c e module configurations. T h e s e e s t i m a t e s considered r e a r r a n g e m e n t of propellant tanks, which a r e s i z e d f o r 39, 500 pounds i n the b a s i c configuration, and relocation of equipment. A study of the 260-inch diameter configuration is u n d e r way. and c e n t e r of gravity excursion e s t i m a t e s a r e being p r e p a r e d . Weight
Weight s t u d i e s a r e continuing on configuration s i z i n g s for a s e r v i c e module with p r o p e l l a n t capabilities up to 45, 000 pounds.
103
SID 62-300-6
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N O R T H AMERICAN
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The d e s i g n study of the e f f e c t s of enlarging the b a s e d i a m e t e r of the s e r v i c e module to 260 i n c h e s i s complete. T h r e e configurations and five a d a p t e r - t o - b o o s t e r d r a w i n g s a r e complete. T h r e e drawings have been made showing the a d a p t e r r e q u i r e d f o r the l u n a r orbiting rendezvous mode with the l u n a r e x c u r s i o n vehicle aboard. In the l a t t e r s t u d i e s , the l u n a r e x c u r s i o n vehicle is shown inverted. A configuration layout showing a t t a c h m e n t of the s t r u c t u r a l s h e l l to the r a d i a i b e a m s , a s a m o m e n t t i e , h a s been completed. Work is under way on a layout of a configuration that h a s no m o m e n t capacity a t the junction. Studies a r e continuing on the r a d i a l b e a m t r a d e - off s , h e l i u m bottle s u p p o r t , engine s u p p o r t , bulkheads, and command module support. Trade-off studies of r a d i a l b e a m configurations have been conducted on t h r e e m a j o r design a p p r o a c h e s . In all i n s t a n c e s , n u m e r i c a l - c o n t r o l machined p a r t s f o r m e d the m a j o r s t r u c t u r a l f r a m e . By t h i s method, the major load junctions at the f o r w a r d and aft bulkheads w e r e m a c h i n e d as i n t e g r a l p a r t s , eliminating the p e n a l t i e s a s s o c i a t e d with s t r u c t u r a l t r a n s f e r junctions. In all studies, a e r o d y n a m i c buffet l o a d s w e r e included. L a t e r , wind tunnel t e s t s d e t e r m i n e d that no buffet condition e x i s t s . The s t u d i e s will be r e p e a t e d without the i n c o r p o r a t i o n of buffet l o a d s a s a f a c t o r . Studies a r e u n d e r way to d e t e r m i n e the o p t i m u m s t r u c t u r a l junction for the s u p p o r t of the l i p s e a l f o r both c y l i n d r i c a l a n d t a p e r e d f a i r i n g s . Effort is continuing on t h e design of a s e r v i c e module utilizing a s t r u c t u r a l s h e l l with a d i s t r i b u t e d load at the s e r v i c e m o d u l e - a d a p t e r i n t e r face. Many types of the 9 0 - d e g r e e junction of honeycomb s h e l l to honeycomb bulkhead a r e being studied. SEPARATION SYSTEM The e a r l i e r hook concept f o r attaching t h e c o m m a n d module to the s e r v i c e module is being r e p l a c e d by a concept u s i n g t e n s i o n t i e s c o n s i s t i n g of t h r e e studs and retention l a t c h e s . The t h r e e p r o t r u d i n g s t u d s a r e attached by t h e r m a l i n s u l a t o r s to the c o m m a n d module and r e m a i n t h e r e when the s e r v i c e module i s s e p a r a t e d . This p r o d u c e s a c o m p l e t e l y p a s s i v e s y s t e m . The mechanical p o r t i o n of the s y s t e m will c o n s i s t of t h r e e r e s t r a i n i n g latches t r i g g e r e d i n sequence by the r e t r a c t i o n of the u m b i l i c a l s . A m e a n s of routing the u m b i l i c a l s through the a f t h e a t s h i e l d h a s been devised. P e n e t r a t i o n is a c c o m p l i s h e d by u s i n g a s t r u c t u r a l p a n e l with
104
SID 6 2 - 3 0 0 - 6

*&
disconnects on e i t h e r side; the umbilical, i n effect, f o r m s a w i r e bundle p a s sing through multiple holes in the h e a t shield. A design study h a s been p r e p a r e d of the umbilical arm, which is pivoted to the f o r w a r d bulkhead of the s e r v i c e module and actuated by a ballis t i c t h r u s t e r . RELEASE AND SEPARATION SYSTEMS Ordnance equipment design f o r the lower h e a t s h i e l d r e l e a s e s y s t e m , the upper h e a t shield separation s y s t e m s , and the lower r e l e a s e s y s t e m h a s been completed f o r boilerplate use. Evaluation of the explosive bridge w i r e (EBW) and hot w i r e methods h a s l e d to a choice of the hot w i r e method f o r m o s t functions. This decision i s b a s e d on the d e s i r a b i l i t y of simplicity, lower weight and volume, and lower c o s t . It h a s r e s u l t e d in negligible change, a s the s y s t e m designs a r e c o m patible with e i t h e r hot w i r e o r EBW. T e s t s of l i n e a r c h a r g e s to c u t honeycomb s t r u c t u r e and aluminum p l a t e have been accomplished. The l i n e a r c h a r g e s will c u t s t r u c t u r e and plating f o r c r e w e m e r g e n c y escape by blowing a panel out of the c o m m a n d module. T h e s e c h a r g e s will also be u s e d to s e p a r a t e the a d a p t e r f r o m the b o o s t e r and the a d a p t e r f r o m the s e r v i c e module. E x p e r i m e n t a l c h a r g e s of 1 0 , 20, and 50 g r a i n s / f o o t s i z e s have been f i r e d a g a i n s t a l u m i n u m p l a t e s to verify p e r f o r m a n c e data. R e s u l t s indicate t h a t 20 to 25 g r a i n s / f o o t will be r e q u i r e d to cut the 0. 140-inch thick s t r u c t u r e a r o u n d the command module escape hatch to accomplish separation. The t e s t p r o g r a m is continuing, t o e s t a b l i s h a n optimum method of cutting. SYSTEM EQUIPMENT INSTALLATION T h r e e d e s i g n approaches have been studied to i n c r e a s e the capacity of the s e r v i c e module m a i n propellant tanks f r o m 39, 500 pounds to 45, 000 pounds. As a r e s u l t of t h e s e studies, i t h a s been decided to i n c r e a s e the length of the f o u r tanks f r o m 150 inches to approximately 165 inches and to i n c r e a s e the length of the s e r v i c e module to 155 inches t o allow the tanks to r e m a i n i n the s a m e location. The other a p p r o a c h considered involved adding another oxidizer tank and one m o r e f u e l tank to the system. Studies w e r e conducted of the f e a s i bility of locating both additional tanks i n one equipment bay and of locating e a c h of the additional tanks in a s e p a r a t e equipment bay.
I O
105
SID 62-300-6
& ;( $
SPACE and I N F O R M A T I O S S Y S T E L I S DIVISION
c
Studies have been initiated concerning the p r o v i s i o n of p r o p e l l a n t t r a n s f e r l i n e mounting i n the m a i n tanks. Dual-capacitor p r o b e s a r e being considered. The m a i n drawings f o r t h e 45, 000-pound capacity p r o p e l l a n t tank a r e n e a r i n g completion. Studies t o d e t e r m i n e the feasibility of locating t h r e e fuel c e l l s i n one 5 0 - d e g r e e equipment bay w e r e initiated. Two of t h e studies c o n s i d e r e d p r o j e c t i n g the c e l l s aft through the bulkhead at station 200. This method w a s r e j e c t e d b e c a u s e a weight i n c r e a s e and added complexity r e s u l t e d . Studies a r e being m a d e of connections f o r the fuel c e l l s and l i n e routings. T h e s e s t u d i e s a r e a i m e d at manifolding the h a r d l i n e s , keeping the oxygen s e p a r a t e d f r o m the hydrogen, a n d a s s u r i n g the i m p o s s i b i l i t y of l i n e s being connected incorre.ctly.
S&ID h a s d e t e r m i n e d that the r e a c t i o n c o n t r o l s y s t e m m o t o r s m a y be swung downward o r into the a d a p t e r a r e a by two methods. One method c a l l s f o r deployment of t h e s e m o t o r s on a s i n g l e - c y c l e b a s i s using powder energy. T h i s method allows the r e a c t i o n c o n t r o l s y s t e m to be stowed i n the a d a p t e r a r e a i m m e d i a t e l y below s t a t i o n 200. Another a p p r o a c h e m p l o y s e l e c t r i c m o t o r s f o r multicycle capability. T h i s method p r o v i d e s stowage in the equipment bays.
A study of m e c h a n i s m s which p e r m i t the antenna t o s l i p into the equipment bay with the a x i s of the p a r a b o l a n o r m a l to the plane of the web is being modified to c o n f o r m to the l u n a r o r b i t a l r e n d e z v o u s concept. A d e s i g n layout is in w o r k t o study s u p p o r t s t r u c t u r e for the p r i m a r y s t r u c t u r e in the equipment bays. The m a j o r additional s t r u c t u r e will cons i s t of a p a r t i a l shelf that will s u p p o r t a c r y o g e n i c t a n k and l a r g e s y s t e m s equipment. INTERNAL LOADS An a s y m m e t r i c a l redundant s t r u c t u r e p r o g r a m is being investigated for p o s s i b l e application to the l a t e s t s e r v i c e module configuration. S u c c e s s f u l geometry r u n s w e r e obtained f o r the s h e l l and f o r all f r a m e s and bulkheads i n the s e r v i c e module and a d a p t e r s t r u c t u r e . All a d a p t e r f r a m e s a r e now r e a d y to be combined with the s h e l l p r o g r a m .
106
SID 62-300-6
,
SPACE and INFORMATION S Y S T E M S D I L ' I S I O N
C O N F H
HEAT SHIELD Optimization s t u d i e s on the lower h e a t shield and upper bulkhead a r e i n p r o g r e s s . An IBM p r o g r a m using the lower heat shield g e o m e t r y and section p r o p e r t i e s h a s been r u n successfully. LUNAR EXCUSION MODULE ADAPTER STUDY S t r u c t u r a l r e q u i r e m e n t s f o r a lunar excusion module a d a p t e r mating the 154-inch d i a m e t e r s e r v i c e module to the 260-inch d i a m e t e r S-IVB have been completed. A P O L L O TEST REQUIREMENTS The following t e s t r e q u i r e m e n t s , including the t e s t set-up, l o a d s , environment, t e s t sequence, and required d a t a , w e r e r e l e a s e d : ATR 301-3 s e r v i c e module s i m u l a t e d aft bulkhead t e s t s e r v i c e module r a d i a l s h e a r web t e s t s e r v i c e module m a i n propellant manhold door s e a l t e s t s e r v i c e module a f t bulkhead s t r u c t u r a l component t e s t
A T R 301-5
ATR 301 1 3 ATR 304
It h a s been decided to p e r f o r m a p r e s s u r e v e s s e l t e s t on the c y l i n d r i c a l oxidizer tanks, c y c l i n d r i c a l fuel tanks, and the s p h e r i c a l helium tanks.
107
SID 62-300-6
C O E LECTRICAL P O W ER SUBSYSTEM ( G e n e r a l O r d e r 7140) LIGHTING SYSTEM A duty cycle was r e c e i v e d f o r the e l e c t r i c a l load r e q u i r e m e n t s of the lighting s y s t e m . Trade-off studies based on t h i s duty cycle r e v e a l e d that the incandescent lighting s y s t e m would r e s u l t i n a m o r e efficient u s e of the available e l e c t r i c a l energy than the f l u o r e s c e n t s y s t e m . The incandescent s y s t e m i s l e s s complex because it h a s fewer components, r e q u i r e s l e s s volume, and i s lighter in weight. UMBILICAL FEASIBILITY S T UDLES It h a s been r e c o m m e n d e d a s a feasible concept that the i n t e r m o d u l a r umbilical be located through the cuinmand module aft heat shield. Recommendations have a l s o been m a d e that two i n s e r t umbilicals 6 - 1 / 2 i n c h e s i n d i a m e t e r be u s e d , that c r i t i c a l c i r c u i t s be r u n i n - p a r a l l e l through the two c o n n e c t o r s , and that connectors s e p a r a t e f r o m the e l e c t r i c a l u m b i l i c a l s be used f o r coax cables. F U E L CELLS
A final decision w a s made to redesign the r a d i a t o r and a s s o c i a t e d tubing to accommodate a 30-psi m a x i m u m p r e s s u r e d r o p . P r a t t and Whitney a g r e e d to r e d e s i g n their pump for t h i s l e v e l .
S y s t e m De sign
A b r e a d b o a r d of a n undervoltage sensing c i r c u i t for the DC bus s t r u c t u r e was f a b r i c a t e d and s a t i s f a c t o r i l y t e s t e d . The package design f o r t h i s unit h a s begun. A bonding specification i s being p r e p a r e d f o r the Apollo s p a c e c r a f t . T h i s specification i s a i m e d to achieve a constant, homogeneous, counterpoise f o r R F c u r r e n t s , the protection of p e r s o n n e l during the checkout and maintenance a c t i v i t i e s , the prevention of h a z a r d s a s s o c i a t e d with lightning d i s c h a r g e s , and protection against the accumulation of s t a t i c c h a r g e s which could c a u s e malfunctions in the e l e c t r i c a l equipment o r electro-explosive devices.
109
SID 62-300-6
Seauencer Schematics a r e being r e v i s e d f o r v a r i o u s b o i l e r p l a t e v e h i c l e s which w i l l r e f l e c t the use of EBW initiation in the s o l i d - r o c k e t m o t o r s of the launch e s c a p e s y s t e m (LES). A ll of t h e pryotechnic functions w i l l b e initiated with h o t - w i r e squibs, Should NASA decide on a d e s t r u c t s y s t e m , t h i s would a l s o u s e the EBW initiation. The r e l a y s e q u e n c e r f o r b o i l e r p l a t e 6 was r e d e s i g n e d s o t h a t I1hot-wire" could be initiated in the m e c h a n i c a l s y s t e m and t h e LES k i c k e r m o t o r could b e added. The decision t o go l'hot-wire" h a s delayed t h e f a b r i c a t i o n and testing of the p a d - a b o r t s e q u e n c e r , (including the t e s t i n g of t h e a i r w o r t h i n e s s boilerplate).
A solid-state b r e a d b o a r d of the s e q u e n c e r f o r b o i l e r p l a t e 13 i s being f a b r i c a t e d for subsequent testing. Initial d e s i g n i s complete.

During the next p e r i o d , a r e v i s e d e l e c t r i c a l s y s t e m t e s t plan w i l l be r e l e a s e d , testing of the undervoltage s e n s i n g c i r c u i t w i l l be c o m p l e t e d , a firm decision will b e made r e g a r d i n g the d i r e c t i o n t o b e t a k e n f o r t h e lighting s y s t e m , d e s i g n w i l l be completed on the b o i l e r p l a t e 6 s e q u e n c e r , t e s t i n g w i l l be conducted on the solid-state s e q u e n c e r f o r b o i l e r p l a t e 13, and h a r d w a r e should be d e l i v e r e d f o r the development of t h e initiation s y s t e m f o r t h e launch-escape- s y s t e m m o t o r s .
110
SID 62-3006

I
REACTION CONTROL ( G e n e r a l O r d e r 7141) PROPELLANT SYSTEM Design w o r k h a s p r o g r e s s e d on the s e r v i c e module and c o m m a n d module r e a c t i o n c o n t r o l s y s t e m . S y s t e m s t u d i e s , to the reduction of weight a n d to the achievement of apportioned r e l i a b i l i t y r e q u i r e m e n t s , have continued and a r e being evaluated. Optimization studie s and reliability a n a l y s i s will continue during the next r e p o r t i n g p e r i o d . Propellants The solubility of helium i n nitrogen tetroxide and u n s y m m e t r i c a l
dimethylhydrazine/hydrazine must be d e t e r m i n e d , a s helium p r e s s u r i z a t i o n

will b e u s e d f o r the expulsion of t h e s e p r o p e l l a n t s . Adequate d a t a a r e not included i n available l i t e r a t u r e . T e s t equipment h a s been designed, cons t r u c t e d and t e s t e d , and solubility m e a s u r e m e n t s will be s t a r t e d . Nitrogen Tetroxide Compatibility I m m e r s i o n v e s s e l s f o r the t e s t of nitrogen tetroxide compatibility with t i t a n i u m alloy 6A1-4V have been d e v i s e d . F o r g e d s a m p l e s a r e being fabricated. A p r e l i m i n a r y cleaning and purging specification i s being d r a f t e d . Wetting C h a r a c t e r i s t i c s M e a s u r e m e n t s of the contact a n g l e s of n i t r o g e n t e t r o x i d e and uns y m m e t r ic a1 dimethylhydrazine / h y d r a z i n e against t h e m e t a1s c ons ide r e d f o r u s e in t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n of propellant t a n k s , and Teflon, have been m a d e . M e a s u r e m e n t s of t h e s u r f a c e e n e r g i e s of t h e propellants have a l s o been m a d e . Both p r o p e l l a n t s wet all t e s t e d c l e a n m e t a l s , and a p p e a r t o wet Teflon. Hardware P r o c u r e m e n t specifications f o r the helium s y s t e m p r e s s u r e r e g u l a t o r s and the h e l i u m s t o r a g e v e s s e l s have been r e l e a s e d . ~h~ he?iurr, s y s t e m f i l t e r specification i s being completed.
111
SID 62-300-6
.c
'*-
...
During the next period, h e l i u m s y s t e m check valve and p r e s s u r e r e l i e f valve specifications will be r e l e a s e d , a n d s y s t e m component specifications w i l l be completed.
ROCKET ENGINE
C o m m a n d Module NASA o r d e r e d all w o r k on the c o m m a n d module engine design stopped, effective 2 August 1962. Consideration i s being given to a p r o p o s a l t h a t the c o m m a n d module engine be fabricated by Rocketdyne, using the Gemini S E - 7 100-pound t h r u s t e r with m i n i m u m modifications. In o r d e r t o u t i l i z e the Gemini S E - 7 engine, propellant s y s t e m p r e s s u r e m u s t be i n c r e a s e d , o v e r a l l engine length m u s t be d e c r e a s e d , a n d m i n i m u m pulse width m u s t be i n c r e a s e d . A review of t h e weight penalty a s s o c i a t e d with a n i n c r e a s e i n s y s t e m p r e s s u r e f r o m 190 p s i a t o 295 p s i a i n d i c a t e s a t o t a l weight i n c r e a s e of 14 pounds ( 7 pounds p e r s y s t e m ) . An anticipated i n c r e a s e i n efficiency o v e r t h e e a r l i e r engine should o f f s e t t h i s weight i n c r e a s e . The b a s i c Gemini S E - 7 engine p r e s e n t s a p r o b l e m i n the i n s t a l l a t i o n of the f o r w a r d pitch engine. Rocketdyne i n d i c a t e s t h a t the i n l e t v a l v e s c a n be moved c l o s e r t o the c h a m b e r , a n d the end f i t t i n g s c a n be t u r n e d 90 d e g r e e s t o the l i n e of t h r u s t to provide the n e c e s s a r y c l e a r a n c e .
It w a s decided t h a t f r o m the o n s e t of e l e c t r i c a l s i g n a l s , t h e m a x i m u m acceptable l i m i t s would be a 20-millisecond d e l a y t o r e a c h a 90-pound t h r u s t , a n d a 20-millisecond delay a f t e r s i g n a l r e m o v a l t o r e a c h a 10-pound t h r u s t . Rocketdyne s a y s t h a t p r e s e n t c a p a b i l i t i e s a r e slightly above t h e s e requirements.
S e r v i c e Module A configuration study h a s d e t e r m i n e d t h a t s e r v i c e module engines would not be cooled adequately i f the module w e r e i n s t a l l e d i n a s e m i b u r i e d position. Hardware An endurance t e s t of a n e x p e r i m e n t a l valve s e a t a s s e m b l y h a s indicated z e r o leakage at 1 0 0 , 000 c y c l e s .
112
SID 6 2 - 3 0 0 - 6
L-
SPACECRAFT A p r e l i m i n a r y t e s t p r o c e d u r e defining the AEDC altitude t e s t p r o g r a m will be completed during the next reporting p e r i o d . This t e s t i s designed to study plume c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s at altitudes up to 350, 000 f e e t . Command Module The RCS engine specification w i l l be r e v i s e d to r e f l e c t ablative c h a m b e r design. S e r v i c e Module A l t e r n a t e locations f o r the RCS engines will continue to be investigated. The evaluation of the possibility of i n c r e a s i n g inlet p r e s s u r e f o r a p o s s i b l e p e r f o r m a n c e i n c r e a s e a n d / o r weight d e c r e a s e will proceed. TESTS C o m m a n d Module
Design and f a b r i c a t i o n of the c o m m a n d module r e a c t i o n control b r e a d b o a r d t e s t f i x t u r e i s approximately 7 5 p e r c e n t complete. Construction of E l e v e n of the 24 outer panels a r e being installed. P r o p e l l a n t tank drawings have been the 12 o u t e r panel d o o r s i s i n p r o g r e s s . released. T e s t p r o c e d u r e s to be utilized i n l a b o r a t o r y testing of off-the-shelf components have been p r e p a r e d . During the next reporting period, additional t e s t fixture design details will be r e l e a s e d f o r f a b r i c a t i o n , and p r o c u r e m e n t of off-the-shelf compon e n t s and p r e p a r a t i o n of t e s t p r o c e d u r e s will continue. S e r v i c e Module The f i r s t 100-pound-thrust engine h a s been installed i n the a e r o t h e r m o l a b o r a t o r y and f i r e d f o r 168 seconds over eight r u n s . The s e r v i c e module breadboard t e s t plan reflecting the c u r r e n t p r o p o s e d modular s y s t e m s h a s been r e l e a s e d .
u y ~ the. F a b r i c a t i o n of the breadboard i e s i fixtiire -,vi?? ~ s - t i ~ 1d~ e i 0 unext r e p o r t i n g period.
113
SID 6 2 - 3 0 0 - 6
Facilities The a r c h i t e c t u r a l a n d engineering d r a w i n g s f o r the i n t e r i m RCS t e s t facility have been reviewed. The design c r i t e r i a f o r the f i n a l r e a c t i o n c o n t r o l development facility have r e c e i v e d internal a p p r o v a l . The c o n t r a c t for c o n s t r u c t i o n of the i n t e r i m t e s t facility will be a w a r d e d during the next r e p o r t i n g p e r i o d . Operational p l a n s f o r the m a i n RCS development f a c i l i t y will be s t a r t e d . T e s t plans f o r components, using w a t e r a n d g a s e o u s n i t r o g e n a s t e s t m e d i a , will be p r e p a r e d .
114
SID 6 2 - 3 0 0 - 6
,*
r*rc
SPACECRAFT ADAPTER DESIGN, FABRICATION AND ASSEMBLY (General O r d e r 7 1 4 2 )
MOCK-UPS A skin and s t r i n g e r configuration of the new 135-inch a d a p t e r for mock-ups 9 and 11 (handling and t r a n s p o r t a t i o n ) i s being r e l e a s e d . Adapters f a b r i c a t e d f r o m honeycomb panels fer mock-ups 16, 17, 18, and 19 a r e being r e l e a s e d . BOILERPLATES All drawings for dynamic t e s t Lrticle boilerplate 7 and o r b i t a l s p a c e c r a f t b o i l e r p l a t e s 13 and 15 have been r e l e a s e d . T h e s e t e s t v e h i c l e s have 105-inch a d a p t e r s f o r 140-inch s e r v i c e modules. The f o r w a r d f r a m e assembly of boilerplate 14 (house s p a c e c r a f t ) h a s been r e l e a s e d . The a d a p t e r length f o r t h i s t e s t vehicle i s being changed to 135 i n c h e s .
DESIGN AND STRUCTURES

Design s t u d i e s of 220-inch- and 260-inch-diameter a d a p t e r s w e r e begun. A weight reduction was achieved i n the s y s t e m which a t t a c h e s the a d a p t e r to the s e r v i c e module by joining the a d a p t e r panels and the end f r a m e s to eliminate longerons. T h i s a r r a n g e m e n t p r o v i d e s M Y / I m o m e n t x centroidal distance ) shell distribution on the a d a p t e r . ( m o m e n t of i n e r t i a The f o r w a r d f r a m e of the s e r v i c e module t o adapter connection i s being sized; f r a m e segments a r e spliced f o r s e p a r a t i o n a s well a s load transmission. F r o m a study of skin splices within the p a n e l s , it was found that two h o r i z o n t a l s p l i c e s p e r panel were optimum. Testing of pyrotechnic devices f o r blow-out panels was s t a r t e d with a t e s t of a 100 g r a m - f o o t shaped c h a r g e . F u r t h e r t e s t will provide d a t a f o r m i n i m u m size charge and back -up m a t e rial .
115
SID 6 2 - 3 0 0 - 6
A study based on l o a d s f o r the 105-inch a d a p t e r i n d i c a t e s that a middle frame f o r the 135-inch-long a d a p t e r i s not r e q u i r e d . A f u l l - s i z e layout study of reaction control s y s t e m location i n the a d a p t e r h a s been s t a r t e d . A study of a C - 5 a d a p t e r i s i n p r o g r e s s .
Weights and c e n t e r s of gravity have been e s t a b l i s h e d f o r a s e r v i c e module with 45,000 pounds of propellant. Apollo T e s t R e q u i r e m e n t s The detailed r e q u i r e m e n t s including the t e s t s e t u p , l o a d s and environm e n t , t e s t sequence, and r e q u i r e d data w e r e completed f o r the s p a c e c r a f t a d a p t e r side panel component t e s t . During the next p e r i o d new design drawings will be m a d e to r e f l e c t a n a d a p t e r m a d e up of four honeycomb panels, with l o a d s uniformly d i s t r i b u t e d a t e a c h end of the a d a p t e r . Development of a n optimum method of attaching the a d a p t e r to the s e r v i c e module will continue. The s t r u c t u r a l study of a n a d a p t e r f o r the C - 5 configuration will proceed. T e s t i n g of pyrotechnic d e v i c e s f o r flow-out p a n e l s t o provide data f o r m i n i m u m s i z e charge and back-up m a t e r i a l s will continue.
116
SID 62-300-6

I
-c
SPACECRAFT GROUND SUPPORT EQUIPMENT ( G e n e r a l O r d e r s 7143, 7144)
A p r e l i m i n a r y d r a f t of t h e Apollo checkout concept w a s completed. The f i r s t d r a f t of the GSE s y s t e m concept f o r b o i l e r p l a t e s 3 , 5, and 19 w a s completed, a n d new information i s being i n c o r p o r a t e d to r e f l e c t t h e l a t e s t change s. A p r e l i m i n a r y d r a f t of the GSE s y s t e m concept f o r b o i l e r p l a t e 6 b a s e d on the u s e of a checkout v a n at White Sands M i s s i l e Range (WSMR) w a s completed . A document w a s r e l e a s e d o n GSE r e q u i r e m e n t s a n d utilization f o r the Apollo development p r o g r a m and w a s reviewed by NASA. The NASAr e q u e s t e d r e v i s i o n of the plan was p r e p a r e d and submitted. DISPLAYS AND CONTROLS A p r e l i m i n a r y d r a f t of the r e q u i r e m e n t s s e c t i o n of t h e c o m p u t e r s p e c i fication was completed. A study of v a r i o u s pulse code modulation ( P C M ) r e c o r d i n g techniques a n d t h e c a p a b i l i t i e s of available equipment w a s m a d e . DESIGN Equipment r e q u i r e m e n t s f o r the WSMR blockhouse i n s t a l l a t i o n w e r e defined, and s p a c e utilization was tentatively a l l o c a t e d to s u p p o r t the White S a n d s t e s t operation. The design of a n in-house explosive b r i d g e w i r e (EBW) s i m u l a t o r i s a l m o s t complete. An investigation i s i n p r o g r e s s to d e t e r m i n e the possibility of obtaining a n EBW t r a n s d u c e r f r o m a s u b c o n t r a c t o r to be u s e d a s a n EBW s i m u l a t o r . , Design w o r k w a s initiated on a s i m u l a t o r f o r h o t - w i r e squibs. The s c h e m a t i c s and wiring d i a g r a m s of the mobile d a t a r e c o r d e r f o r u s e i n the in-house 6A c o n t r o l s t a t i o n a r e a l m o s t c o m p l e t e .
117
SID 62-300-6

W'
L
DATA PROCESSING AND TRANSMISSION A computer c r i t e r i a c h a r t i s being p r e p a r e d i n t a b u l a r f o r m t o d e s c r i b e t h e o v e r - a l l c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s of s e v e r a l c o m p u t e r s . P r e l i m i n a r y r e c o m m e n d a t i o n s and a block d i a g r a m of the t r a n s m i s s i o n s y s t e m w a s p r e p a r e d . C a m e r a and T V m o n i t o r r e c o m m e n d a t i o n s f o r p a d s 34 and 3 7 w e r e submitted to NASA. ENGINEERING FACILITY REQUIREMENTS R e p o r t s on the following engineering f a c i l i t y r e q u i r e m e n t s a r e i n w o r k a n d a r e i n varying s t a g e s of completion: 1.
2.
P a d and a i r b o r n e a b o r t facility P a d 37
WSMR
3.
I
P r o p u l s i o n development facilizy, r e v i s i o n 1 AMR i n t e r i m facility Modification and checkout building, pad 34
4.
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The weight and balance facility r e p o r t w a s r e l e a s e d . HANDLING GSE
The following i t e m s of handling GSE a r e p r e s e n t l y i n design: 1.

2.
Launch e s c a p e s y s t e m optical a l i g n m e n t s e t Command module d e b r i s t u m b l e r Launch e s c a p e weight and balance f i x t u r e S p a c e c r a f t weight a n d balance f i x t u r e F l o w s e p a r a t o r rail t r a n s f e r a d a p t e r
3. 4.
5.
118
SID 6 2 - 3 0 0 - 6
SPACE and INFORAMATION S Y S T E M S DIVISION
T h e following i t e m s of handling GSE w e r e r e l e a s e d :

1.
Launch e s c a p e t o w e r sling F o r w a r d c o m p a r t m s n t shield sling S e r v i c e module sling Spacecraft sling
2.
3.
4.
SERVICING GSE T h e two s e r v i c i n g GSE i t e m s r e l e a s e d w e r e t h e ground cooling c a r t and t h e ground a i r circulating unit. TRAINING EQUIPMENT P r e p a r a t i o n of the p r o c u r e m e n t specification f o r digital c o m p u t e r s f o r the p a r t - t a s k t r a i n e r s was initiated. S t r u c t u r e layout of the s i m u l a t e d c o m m a n d module f o r t h e s e t r a i n e r s i s almDst complete. F a c i l i t i e s recommendations, including s p a c e layouts, voltage c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s , and power r e q u i r e m e n t s f o r a l l t r a i n e r s , w e r e f o r w a r d e d t o NASA. EVALUATION TESTS T h e GSE unit completed a prototype m o d e l of the EBW s i m u l a t o r and i s a s s i s t i n g i n the evaluation of the s y s t e m s function. T h e isolation a m p l i f i e r b r e a d b o a r d evaluation and packaging of t h e circuit a r e i n p r o g r e s s . Additional evaluation t e s t s w i l l b e m a d e when t h e prototype i s completed. Apollo GSE de sign h a s indicated that only qualitative evaluation tests will b e r u n on t h e p l a n t r o n i c s headset m o d e l MS-50. The r e q u i r e d t e s t setup i s being a s s e m b l e d i n the l a b o r a t o r i e s . B r e a d b o a r d c i r c u i t r y will be f a b r i c a t e d on the c i r c u i t s l i s t e d i n last m o n t h ' s r e p o r t . Evaluation and p e r f o r m a n c e t e s t s will be conducted when t h e b r e a d b o a r d s a r e completed. F a c i l i t y and GSE E n g i n e e r i n g f a c i l i t y r e q u i r e m e n t s planned f o r r e l e a s e i n t h e n e s t r e p o r t perioci a r e :
119
SID 62-300-6
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WSMR
Propulsion development f a c i l i t y , revision 1 , pad 37
.-
Handling GSE i t e m s planned f o r r e l e a s e during the next r e p o r t i n g period a r e t h e flow s e p a r a t o r t r a n s f e r a d a p t e r and the flow s e p a r a t o r sling. I t e m s of servicing GSE to be r e l e a s e d during the next r e p o r t i n g period a r e t h e fluid disconnect s e t , helium t r a n s f e r unit, helium b o o s t e r unit and liquid hydrogen t r a n s f e r unit.
120
SID 62-3C.O-6
W T I A L
CN OGROUND OPERATIONAL SUPPORT SYSTEM (General O r d e r 7145)
P l o t s of c u r v e s w e r e p r e p a r e d f o r typical parking o r b i t s , l u n a r i n j e c tion, and t r a n s l u n a r phase out t o 30, 0 0 0 nautical m i l e s a n d f o r t r a n s e a r t h p h a s e f r o m 3 0 , 000 nautical m i l e s to a t m o s p h e r i c e n t r y . A r e v i s i o n of the GOSS p e r f o r m a n c e a n d i n t e r f e r e n c e specification was submitted to NASA, A w o r k s t a t e m e n t f o r Apollo b a c k - s c a t t e r m e a s u r e m e n t s i s being prepared. During the next p e r i o d , study will continue on information flow, r a d a r t r a c k i n g a c c u r a c y , and GOSS network f o r l u n a r m i s s i o n s .
121
SID 6 2 - 3 0 0 - 6
CO N
VI
FACILITIES
O F F I C E AREAS P r o g r a m Management, Engineering, and other Apollo office a r e a s now occupy 175,000 s q u a r e f e e t . In July, 1962, 159,000 s q u a r e f e e t w a s occupied. An a r e a i n Building 6 , Downey, adjacent to engineering h a s been a s s i g n e d f o r the NASA Apollo engineering staff. NASA h a s approved the plan t o rehabilitate the Northrop-Ventura California f a c i l i t i e s at El Centro and Salton S e a . The e a r t h landing s y s t e m t e s t d r o p s will be m a d e a t t h e s e s i t e s . The Avco appendix "A" was submitted to NASA f o r approval during the r e p o r t period. Appendix ( ' A ' ' f o r Minneapolis -Honeywell, Pratt & Whitney, and Collins Radio will be submitted during the next r e p o r t period. MANUFACTURING AREAS
F a c i l i t y w o r k w a s s t a r t e d on the t r a i n e r fabrication a r e a of Building 43 i n Compton. Building 1 modifications (installation of additional overhead c r a n e s ) w e r e s t a r t e d during the r e p o r t period. Approximately 25 p e r c e n t of the design of Apollo manufacturing m a t e r i a l handling equipment has been completed to date. During the next r e p o r t period, a n a r e a will be s e t up f o r f a b r i c a t i o n of Apollo t e s t r e q u i r e m e n t s spacecraft. Construction will be continued on the t r a i n e r f a b r i c a t i o n a r e a . The manufacturing a r e a will be r e a r r a n g e d to a c c o m m o d a t e new s p a c e c r a f t tooling.
123
SID 6 2 - 3 0 0 - 6
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FACILITIES PROJECTS P r e d e s i g n site s u r v e y s have been s t a r t e d f o r the propulsion s y s t e m s development facility at White Sands. Submittal of d e s i g n c r i t e r i a f o r the propulsion s y s t e m s development facility to NASA w a s h e l d pending r e c e i p t of new ground r u l e s . Design c o n t r a c t s w e r e l e t a n d d e s i g n i s i n p r o c e s s on t h e f a c i l i t i e s l i s t e d below: Plaster master S y s t e m s i n t e g r a t i o n and checkout Bonding and t e s t Impact test Radiographic Parking
During the next r e p o r t p e r i o d , the d e s i g n c r i t e r i a f o r the s p a c e s y s t e m s development facility and t h e r e a c t i o n c o n t r o l s y s t e m f a c i l i t y will be submitted. Addenda to the d e s i g n c r i t e r i a f o r the bonding-and-testing a n d f o r the s y s t e m s integration-and-checkout f a c i l i t i e s will a l s o be s u b m i t t e d a s a p a r t of that package. Design c o n t r a c t s f o r the s p a c e s y s t e m s development f a c i l i t y a n d the r e a c t i o n control s y s t e m facility will be l e t d u r i n g t h i s p e r i o d .
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Accession No 14205

NORTH AMERICAN .AV!PT!C!N, INC.

SPACE and INFORMATION SYSrE3lS D I \ 7 1 S I C ) \

N O R T H AMERICAN AVIATION, INC.

SPACE and I N F O R Z I A T I O N SYSrEhlS D I V I S I O N

Page INSTRUMZNTATION Controls and Displays. L o w e r Equipment Bay. Electromagnetic Interference

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SPACE and INFORMATION SYSTEMS D I V I S I O N

Page Biomzdical e Operations and Safety Simulation and T e s t

E A R T H LANDING AND IMPACT ATTENUATION SYSTEM P a r a c h u t e Subsystem F o r w a r d Heat Shield * C r e w Couches

N O R T H AMERICAN AVIATION. INC.

SPACE and INFORMATION S Y S T E M S D I V I S I O N

NAVIGATION AND GUIDANCE. Engineering Mock-ups Testing S y s t e m Analysis Computer' Analysis

SERVICE PROPULSION SUBSYSTEM Propellant System Hardware M a t e r i a l Compatibility Rocket Engines

103 103 103 103

NORTH AMERICAN AVIATION, INC.

SPACE and INFORMATION S Y S T E M S D I V I S I O N

SPACECRAFT ADAPTER DESIGN, FABRICATION AND ASSEMBLY Mock-ups Boilerplates De sign a n d S t r u c t u r e s

115 115 115 115

- vii SID 62- 300- 6

SPACE and INFORMATION S Y S T E M S DIVISION

N O R T H AMERICAN AVIATION, I NC.

A 1 / 2 - i n c h c l e a r a n c e w i l l b e r e q u i r e d f r o m a n y c r o s s or diagonal b r a c e of the tower s t r u c t u r e to the c a l c u l a t e d j e t plume boundary.

N O R T H AMERICAN AVIATION, INC.

N O R T H AMERICAN AVIATION, INC.

SPACE and INFORMATION S Y S T E M S DIVISION

N O R T H AMERICAN AVIATION, INC.

SPACE and INFORMATION S Y S T E M S DIVISION

A r e v i s e d s e r i e s of h e a t s h i e l d d e s i g n t r a j e c t o r i e s is being p r e p a r e d f o r Avco. These t r a j e c t o r i e s r e p r e s e n t the e x t r e m e s of heating r a t e s a n d

SPACE and INFORMATION S Y S T E M S DIVISION

N O R T H AMERICAN AVIATION, INC.

SPACE and INFORMATION S Y S T E M S DIVISION

SPACE and INFORMATION S Y S T E M S DIVISION

N O R T H AMERICAN AVIATION, INC.

SPACE and INFORMATION S Y S T E M S DIVISION

SPACE and INFORMATION S Y S T E X I S D I V I S I O A

T h e main-engine injector plate will r e q u i r e a n e x t e r n a l h e a t s o u r c e of 94 w a t t s during the l u n a r m i s s i o n ,

A w a t e r table h a s been designed, f a b r i c a t e d , and operated t o

Insulation r e q u i r e m e n t s have b e e n d e t e r m i n e d f o r the p r o p e l l a n t tanks. R e s u l t s indicate that a minimum of 0 . 2 5 i n c h e s of high v a c u u m ,

SPACE and INFORMATION S Y S T E M S DIVISION

N O R T H AMERICAN AVIATION, INC.

SPACE and INFORMATION S Y S T E M S DIVISION

A l i t e r a t u r e s e a r c h f o r a t h e r m a l i n t e r f a c e m a t e r i a l to be p l a c e d between the e l e c t r o n i c units and the coldplates w a s continued, a n d s e v e r a l m a t e r i a l s w e r e c h o s e n f o r testing.

SPACE and INFORMATION S Y S T E M S DIVISION

N O R T H AMERICAN AVIATION, INC.

SPACE and INFORMATION S Y S T E M S DIVISION

NORTH A M E R I C A N AVIATION, INC.

SPACE and INFORMATION S Y S T E M S DIVISION

NORTH AMERICAN AVIATION, INC.

SPACE and INFORMATION S Y S T E M S DIVISION

SPACE and INFORMATION S Y S T E M S DIVISION

N O R T H AMERICAN AVIATION, INC.

SPACE and INFORMATION S Y S T E M S DIVISION

N O R T H AMERICAN AVIATION, INC.

SPACE and INFORMATION S Y S T E M S DIVISION

A .preliminary checkout p r o c e d u r e f o r the ECS h a s been p r e p a r e d and is now being revised.

SPACE and INFORMATION S Y S T E M S DIVISION

coTEST INTEGRATION Measurement L i s t s

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SPACE and INFORMATION S Y S T E M S DIVISION

SPACE and INFORMATION S Y S T E M S DIVISION

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SPACE and INFORMATION S Y S T E M S DIVISION