Approachcategoriesonaircraftsarebasedupon?
A grouping of aircraft based on a speed of 1.3 times the stall speed in the landing
[Link].
Ifitisnecessarytomaneuveratspeedsinexcessoftheupperlimitofaspeedrangefor
acategory,[Link],an
aircraftwhichfallsinCategoryA,butiscirclingtolandataspeedinexcessof91knots,
mustusetheapproachCategoryBminimumswhencirclingtoland.
AircraftCategoryA
AircraftCategoryB
AircraftCategoryC
AircraftCategoryD
AircraftCategoryE
<91
91/120
121/140
141/165
>165
Maxcirclingspeed90Kts
Maxcirclingspeed120Kts
Maxcirclingspeed140Kts
Maxcirclingspeed165Kts
WhatisETOPS?
[Link]
aircrafttypeonflightinwhichtheaircraftismorethan60minutesawayfromasuitable
alternativeaerodromeintheeventthattheaircraftsuffersanenginefailureenroute.
WhatarethevariousETOPScategories?
Normalextendedtwinoperations(ETOPS)categories,varybetween60and180Minutes.
ThesegmentsonaTakeoff?
1. First Segment: The Climb from 35 feet point until the landing gears are fully
[Link]:
landinggearextended
flapsinT/Oposition
speed=V2
climbgradient2engine=positive/4engine=0.5%
takeoffpower
2. Second Segment: Climb from gear retraction point until a height of 400 feet
[Link]:
gearsretracted
flapsinT/Oposition
speed=V2
climbgradient2engine=2.4%/4engine=3.0%
takeoffpower
3. ThirdSegment:Itsthehorizontaldistancecoveredafterthesecondsegmentuntil
theflapretractionspeedisreached,toraisetheflapsplusthedistancerequiredto
[Link]:
Firstpartof3rdsegment:Distancecoveredbeforeflapretraction,acceleratingto
[Link]:
gearsretracted
lapsint/oposition
speedincreasingfromv2toflapretractionspeed
climbgradient2engine=1.2%/4engine=1.7%
takeoffpower
Secondpartof3rdsegment:Distancecoveredafterflapretraction,acceleratingto
finalt/[Link]:
gearsretracted
flapsretracted
speed,acceleratingfromflapsretractiontofinalt/oclimbspeed
climbgradient2engine=1.2%/4engine=1.7%
maximumcontinuouspower
4. FourthSegment:theClimbfrom400feettill1500feetisreached,aftertheendof
[Link]:
gearsretracted
flapsretracted
speed=finalt/oclimbspeed
maxcontinuouspower
climbgradient2engine=1.2%/4engine=1.7%
IFRandRVSMFlightlevels?
MT000179
MT180359
oddFL.
evenFL.
NONRVSMairspaceverticalseparationisonly1000ftuptoFL290and2000ft
aboveFL290.
RVSMairspaceonly1000ftforalllevels.
WhyareFlightLevelintervalsincreasedto2000ftinnonRVSMairspace?
Because of altimeter errors (lower air density). Reduced vertical RVSM to 1000ft
separation above FL290 is granted to aircraft with advanced and more accurate
altimeters,usuallycrowdedroutes(TransAtlanticRoutes).
Whatarethelightsonataxiway?
Blueedge,greencenter.
HowlongrunwayremainingwhenRWYcenterlinelightturnssolidred?
1,000ft(305m).
HowlongrunwayremainingwhenRWYcenterlinelightturnsalternatingredand
white?
3000ft(600m).
[Link]?
Itwillbetailheavy,andthehorizontaltailplanewillhaveashortmementoarmthatwill
resultintheaircraftislongitudinallyunstablebecauseitistootailheavyforthehorizontal
[Link]
[Link].
WhatisDutchRoll?
Dutchrollisatypeofaircraftmotion,consistingofanoutofphasecombinationof"tail
wagging"[Link] is one of the basic flight
dynamicmodes(othersincludephugoid,shortperiod,andspiraldivergence).
Howmany%tobeconsideredacontaminatedrunway?
25%ofRwy.
Whyarewingsswept?Advantage/DisadvantageregardingSweptWings?
[Link]:higherMachrise
[Link]:Poorliftqualitiesareexperienced,
higher stall speeds, a wing tip stalling tendency is particular to a swept wing aircraft
mainlybecauseof thehighlocalClloadingit experiences.
AnAircraftisclimbingatconstantMachNumberwhatwillhappenwithTAS?
TASwilldecrease.
AnaircraftclimbsatconstantTASthroughaninversion,willtheRASandMach
numberincrease,decreaseorstaythesame?
MachNumberwilldecrease,RASwilldecrease.
WhendescendingataconstantCAS?
EASIncreases
WhatisClimbGradient?
Therate,expressedasapercentage,ofthechangeingeometricheight divided by the
horizontaldistancetraveledinagiventime.
DefinitionofwetRunway?
Arunwayisconsideredwetwhenthereissufficientmoistureonthesurfacetoappear
reflective,[Link]
darkened by residual moisture (damp runway) shall not be considered wet or
contaminatedexceptasoutlinedbelow.
EffectofForwardC.G.?
[Link]'spitch
controlisreducedbecauseitexperienceshighstickforcesduetotheaircraft'slongtail
[Link],witchwillreduceinhigherinduced
[Link].
[Link]?
fwdC.G.=>HighAngleofAttack,increaseinduceddragwhichwilldecrease
[Link]
heavy.
aftC.G.=>LowAngleofattackonthewing,[Link]
[Link].
Effectofforward/aftCGonfuelconsumptionandrange?
FWD:
Stallingspeedincreased.
Longitudinalstabilityincreased.
Higherstickforcerequired
Range and endurance decreased due to drag caused by elevators to trim the
aircraft.
AFT:
Stallingspeeddecreased.
Longitudinalstabilitydecreased.
Lowerstickforcerequired
RangeandenduranceIncreases.
ICAOCATIIIIIIMins,qualificationsandrecurrentrequirements?
CATI
CATII
CATIIIa
CATIIIb
CATIIIc
200ft
100ft
50ft
20ft
0ft
550m
350m
200m
100m
0m
TherequirementstocarryoutaCATIIorIIIapproachinadditiontothenormalCATI
approach are that aircrafts CATII or CATIII systems are certified and operational.
[Link].
Theairplaneoutsideairtemperature"probe"measuresthe?
Totalairtemperatureminuskineticheatingeffectinordertoobtainthestatictemperature.
Thelimitsofthegreenscaleofanairspeedindicatorare?
VS1forthelowerlimitandVNOfortheupperlimit.
Atroughoflowpressureisgenerallyassociatedwith?
Convergencecausingincreasedcloudandprecipitation.
Themachnumberisthe?
TrueAirspeed(TAS)dividedbythelocalspeedofsound.
WhatistheeffectofflapextensiononVxandVy?
VxandVydecreases.
Theabsoluteceilingisdefinedas?
Thealtitudewherethemaximumrateofclimbis0ft/minute.
AerodromeQNHisthe?
Atmosphericpressureattheaerodromelevel.
GivedefinitionofQNH?
QNHisthestationpressureadjusteddowntomeansealevel(msl)usingISAvaluesfor
[Link]
foritsinternalcalculations,analtimeter withQNHsetshouldreadstationelevationonthe
groundathestation.
GivedefinitionofQFE?
QFEisareadingofstationpressuretakenonanaccuratebarometerandadjustedfor
[Link],
altimetersshouldreadzeroonthegroundattheairfield.
IntheSouthernhemisphere,duringdecelerationfollowingalandinginanEasterly
direction,themagneticcompasswillindicate:
AnapparentturntotheNorth.
Whatisashuttlevalve?
Ashuttlevalveisatypeofvalvewhichallowsfluidtoflowthroughitfromoneoftwo
[Link],althoughsometimesit
willbefoundinhydraulicsystems.
What type of autoland system would be required for the landing to continue
fallowingasinglefailurebelowalertheight?
Failoperationalorfailactive.
WhatdoesVortexGeneratorsdo?
Transferenergyfromthefreeairflowintotheboundarylayer.
GPWSmode5providesbothvisualandaudiblewarningstothepilot,iftheaircraft:
Isbelow1000ftRAandmorethan1.3dotsbelowILSGlideslope.
Ajetpoweredaircraft,flyingabovetheoptimumaltitudewillhave:
ReducedRange.
Onapressurizedairplane,supplementaloxygenisusedto:
Providepeopleonboardwithoxygenduringacabindepressurization.
TheBourdontubeisusedtomeasure?
Pressure.
Fromwhichflightleveldotheregulationsrequireaquickdonningtypeoxygen
maskfortheflightcrewinapressurizedaircraft?
FL250.
Fortheflightcrewmembers,quicklyfittedoxygenmasksarecompulsoryonboard
anypressurizedaircraftflyingatapressurealtitudegreaterthan?
FL250.
Seasonsareduetothe?
Inclinationofthepolaraxiswiththeeclipticplane.
A piece of equipment on your public transport airplane fails while you are still
[Link]:
MEL.
TheM.M.E.L.(MasterMinimumEquipmentList)isdrawnupby:
Themanufacturer
TheM.E.L.(MinimumEquipmentList)isdrawnupby:
Theoperator.
Whichofthefallowingcombinationswillmostlikelycausethegreatsincreasein
thetakeoffdistance?
Tailwind,Upslope,HighTemperature.
The Master Minimum Equipment List (MMEL) defines the equipment on which
certain inflight failures can be allowed and the conditions under which this
[Link]:
Themanufacturerandapprovedbythecertificationauthorityandmaybemorerestrictive
thantheMasterMinimumEquipmentList(MMEL).
The red LED indicator light on an emergency torch is flashing at 4 seconds
[Link]:
Thebatteryrequiresreplacement.
Hoarfrostformsonanaircraftasaresultof?
Watervaporturningdirectlyintoicecrystalsontheaircraftsurface.
DuringanILSapproachtoautoland,at1500feet:
Localizeriscontrollingtherollchannel,offlinechannelsareautomaticallyengagedand
flaremodeisarmed.
Anaircrafthavingundergoneanantiicingproceduremustbeantiicingfluidfree
atthelatestwhen:
Rotation(beforetakeoff).
Stationnumbers(Stn)andwaterlines(WL)are:
Ameansoflocatingairframestructureandcomponents.
Undericingconditions,ifyouexceededtheholdovertime,thecorrectprocedure
is:
Deiceagaintheairplane,thenapplyantiicingfluid.
Variableinletguidevansarefittedtogasturbineenginesto:
Preventacompressorstallathighenginespeeds.
For turbojetaircraft,intheflightpreparationstage,thelandingdistance atthe
scheduleddestinationaerodromeshallbelessthantheavailablelandingdistance
multipliedbyafactorof:
LD*0.6
WhatisDecisionPointProcedure?Itisaproceduretoreducetheamountoffuel
carriedonaflightby:
ReducingcontingencyfueltoonlythatrequiredfromDecisionPointtoDestination.
Duringadeicing/antiicingprocedurecarriedoutintwostages,thewaitingtime
starts:
Atthebeginningofthesecondstage(antiicingstage).
Theaccumulationofsnoworiceonanaircraftinflightinducesanincreaseinthe:
Stallingspeed.
AnAircraftisdescendingatconstantRAS,whatwillhappentoMNandTAS?
TASdecreaseandMNdecrease.
Whichmomentsormotionsinteractinadutchroll?
Rollingandyawing.
Youobservethealtimeterinaparkedaircraftshortlyafteranactivecoldfronthas
[Link]?
Itdecreases.
Linearacceleration,causingsomatogravitiillusion,cangiveafalseimpressionof
a:
Climb.
MapScaleonLambert'sconformalchartis:
Constantalongaparalleloflatitude.
Themodernantiskidprocessesarebasedontheuseofacomputerwhoseinput
datais?
idlewheelspeed(measured),
brakedwheelspeed(measured),
desiredidlewheeltaringslippingrate.
Uptowhataltitudewillgenerallyhealthypeoplebeabletostaywithoutshowing
anysignsofsufferingfromhypoxia?
Upto1000012000FT.
ForFAILSAFEdesignedstructuralparts:
Themountingprincipleisparallelmounting
Theprincipleistheredundancyofcomponents
Thefailureofamembercausetheloadstobesharedbetweentheothersystem
components.
VLEisdefinedasthe:
Maximumlandinggearextendedspeed
An aircraft is flying at constant indicated altitude, over a warm airmass, The
altimeterreadingwillbe?
Lessthantherealaltitude
Aflightcarriedoutbelowoptimumaltitudewouldresultin:
Lesstimemorefuel
WhataretheerrorsofMachmeter?
Instrumentandpressureerror
Thespeedrangebetweenhighandlowspeedbuffet:
IncreasesduringadescentataconstantIAS
Selectinganalternateaerodrometherunwayofthisfacilitymustbesufficiently
longtoallowafullstoplandingfrom50ftabovethethreshold(jettypeaircraft,dry
runway)within:
60%ofthelandingdistanceavailable
WhatisGPWS,whichmodemeanswhat?
Agroundproximitywarningsystem(GPWS)isasystemdesignedtoalertpilotsiftheir
aircraftisinimmediatedangerofflyingintothegroundoranobstacle.
Themodesare:
1. Excessivedescentrate("SINKRATE""PULLUP")
2. Excessiveterrainclosurerate("TERRAIN""PULLUP")
3. Altitudelossaftertakeofforwithahighpowersetting("DON'TSINK")
4. Unsafeterrainclearance("TOOLOWTERRAIN""TOOLOWGEAR""TOO
LOWFLAPS")
5. Excessivedeviationbelowglideslope("GLIDESLOPE")
6. Excessivelysteepbankangle("BANKANGLE")
7. Windshearprotection("WINDSHEAR")
Withagasturbineengine,theEngineAntiIcesystemshouldbeselected"ON"
whenever:
WhenevertheIOATis+10Corbelowandtheaircontainsvisiblemoisture
Asthecenterofgravitymoves,recoveryfromastall:
Ismoredifficultwiththecenterofgravitymovingaft.
AirplanescertifiedtoJAR25mustnotoperateacrossareaswhereS&Rwould
be especially difficult without survival equipment if it flies to a distance
correspondingtogreaterthan:
60minutesatcruisingspeedfromanareasuitableformakinganemergencylanding.
Variableinletguidevanesarefittedtogasturbineenginesto:
Preventacompressorstallathighenginespeeds
Anelectricalresonantcircuitisconstructedfrom:
Capacitorandinductorwhichmaybeinparallelorseries
Ifafuelsampleappearscloudyorhazy,themostprobablycauseis:
Watercontamination
WhatisaSPECI?
Aselectedspecialaerodromeweatherreport,issuedwhenasignificantchangeofthe
weatherconditionshavebeenobserved.
Densityvaries:
Directlywithpressureandinverselywithtemperature
During the takeoff run , the effect of increasing airspeed is to cause the EPR
indicationto:
Remainconstant
Whenanaircraftisdeicedpriortodeparture,ifthetemperatureis0Degreesin
precipitation,whichtypeoffluidandapplicationmethodwillprovidethelongest
holdovertime?
TypeIIfluid@100%coldspray
Whenrefuelingisbeingperformedwhilepassengersareboardingordisembarking
theaircraft,itisnecessarythat:(Annex6,PartI)
Communicationsbemaintainedbetweengroundpersonnelandqualified personnel on
board.
Tellusthedifferenceofajetengineandturboprop?
Aturbopropengineisatypeofturbineenginewhichdrivesanaircraftpropellerusinga
reductiongear.
