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Modifiable factors: Poor interpersonal relationship Isolation of self Cannot express feelings
Non-modifiable factors: Hereditary age (early 20s/adolescence) sex (men, women) educated people Neurotransmitter alterations
Traumatic experiences:
Neurotransmitter alterations:
Dopamine secretion
Living alone
Serotonin secretion
DECREASE serotonin
INCREASE serotonin
OVERPRODUCTION OF DOPAMINE: Causes the nerve circuits to misfire and create a split state in the mind.
Unable to express feelings, lack of close friends, isolate self, social withdrawal
DEPRESION
MANIA
Hallucinations
Delusions
Social withdrawal
Increase Anxiety
Agitated Hyperactive
Auditory hallucination
Long-term depression
Visual hallucination
Stress
Pathogenesis Bipolar affective disorder is the shifting of mood of a person from being hyperactive to a depressed state. Patient is sometimes hypomania or hyper manic; thus making the mood and affect of a person are affected also. There are several known triggering causes of bipolar affective disorder; hereditary plays a big role in determining the cause of bipolar. Abnormal genetics that runs in your family may be acquired by the next generation; age is also a factor that must be consider, as early as 20 years old, where in we encounter different problems in different aspects. In this stage, we also tend to hide our feelings and keep it to ourselves. Sex, educated people, and neurotransmitter alteration are also factors that causes bipolar. Neurotransmitter dopamine and serotonin are commonly affected in this disorder. It may be increased or decreased; increase secretion of serotonin causes hyper manic state, while decrease serotonin may result to depression of the person. Excessive secretion of dopamine causes two of the most common psychotic symptoms, hallucination and delusion. Hallucination is a false sensory (auditory, visual, gustatory, ect) belief while delusion is a fixed false belief of the person affected. Traumatic experiences such as separation from family, loved ones, death of relatives and friends, living on your own may trigger bipolar disorder. A person having hard time to express his/her feelings and emotions may experience depression, anxiety will increases as the day pass by and he/she remembers the situation. The person is subjected to depression and stress and causes chemical imbalances. He/she may forget to take care of self; self-esteem is low and isolates self from others.