2011

I-MHERE INDONESIA-MANAGING HIGHER EDUCATION FOR RELEVANCE AND EFFICIENCY FACULTY OF BIOLOGY UNIVERSITAS GADJAH MADA

The Application of Comfort Index for Growth and Development of endemic orchids (Phalaenopsis amabilis (L.) Blume Forma Pelaihari) in Green-House Covered with Insect Proof Net GUSTI RUSMAYADI1, Hj. RODINAH1 AND HERI SUJADMIKO2
1 Fakulty 2

of Agriculture, University of Lambung Mangkurat Fakulty of Biology, University of Gadjah Mada

SUMMARY Comfort environment condition will influence on orchid flowering, the using of comfort index as indicator for determination artificial environment is suitable or not for orchids. The greenhouse covered with insect proof net is designed from the viewpoint of physically controlling the environment of production. Phalaenopsis amabilis (L.) Blume Forma Pelaihari each ten is placed inside greenhouse on mango and coffee media to observation. The roof was placed net with radiation penetration about 25%. The net radiation for mango medium is Rn = -539 Wm-2. The net radiation for coffee medium is Rn = -541 Wm-2. It indicate that coffee media has low temperature rather than mango media. After 6 month in greenhouse, orchid that was placed on mango media can make stem of flower about 23 cm with rate about 1.4 cm per days and have 3 nodes. The climatic space is suitable for orchid to growth and development. The others are to reform stem of flower not only climatic space but also media temperature too. RESEARCH OBJECTIVES

This research have goals, that are (i) to application comfort index to orchid in green house covered with insect proof net (ii) to see growth and development orchids in artificial environment (green house), (iii) orchids capability make stem and flower.
RESEARCH METHODS Methods. At the center of the greenhouse, 2.0 m away from the corner and 1.2 m from the floor, and the outside greenhouse meteorological instrument are installed and weather measured, that are air temperature in C, relative humidity in %, radiation in Wm-2 unit and media temperature in C. Those climate are measured by a thermo-hygrometer recorder and solar-meter recorded typeTR-72S. Media temperature is measured by soil thermometer Weeksler type. Growth and development of orchid were observation every day and week. The net radiant flux density (per unit projected area) for a small, horizontally above the ground is where Loe is the long-wave emittance for each side of the object, Liu and Lid are the long-wave irradiances for the up- and down-facing surface, and as and aL are short- and longwave absorptivities. Fluxes are taken as positivie in the direction away from the heat exchange surface.

RESEARCH RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Climate-graph showed that growth and development orchid in greenhouse to suitable to growth and development orchid like in naturally habitat (Figure1). Relative humidity in greenhouse on July (dry season) is down to close by 60%. After 6 month in greenhouse, orchid that was placed on mango media can make stem 35.0 of flower. The early research founded (Rusmayadi et 34.0 33.0 al., 2010) that the suitable region for optimal long of 32.0 31.0 30.0 blossom (LB) and sum of blossom (JB) and sum of fruit 29.0 28.0 (SF) are the region that has average temperature 27.0 26.0 between 27.527.9 and average relative humidity 25.0 Pelaihari 24.0 23.0 between 77.585.9%. Blanchard & Runkle (2006) said Loksado 22.0 21.0 Banjarmasin the inhibition of flowering when the day temperature 20.0 19.0 Greenhouse 18.0 was 29 C and the night temperature was 17 C or 23 17.0 VERY DRY VERY WET 16.0 15.0 C suggests that a warm day temperature inhibits flower VERY COLD 14.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 90.0 100.0 initiation in Phalaenopsis. Relative Humidity (%) Although climate space is the same to orchid to growth and development but media temperature is Mango bark Coffee bark different (Figure 2). In the frame is comfort condition. The outside comfort frame condition is very hot, very cold, very wet, and very dry. 32 Average temperature on mango and coffee media are 31 26.6C and 26.4C, respectively. Coffee media 30 29 temperature that lowest may be caused of has been stable 28 bark, crack and thin slot, hard periderm and not sap. The 27 26 net radiation to the mango media is Rn = -539 Wm-2. 25 -2 Mango medium While, the coffee media is Rn = -541 Wm (Figure 3). 24 Coffee medium 23 Coffee media more need radiant energy to get it capacity 22 than mango media. Root length growth rate of mango and 270 280 290 300 310
VERY HOT
Temperature (C)
Julian date

Temperature (oC)

Loe Liu Sd Sp

Lid Loe St

coffee media are 1.3 cm (y = -0.0773x + 4.031x - 50.76) and 1.1 cm (y = -0.0051x2 + 0.2205x - 1.0678) per weeks, respectively. The high media temperature determined root capacity to get water. Water absorption can increase if root zone temperature is high. So, orchid that replaced on mango media not only have root that was more length but also can make stem of flower. The new stem was appeared after 147 days after planting.

CONCLUSION The climatic space is suitable for orchid to growth and development. Stem of flower is reform not only determined by climatic space and media type but also media temperature is important.

Stem of flower

Meteorology instrument

Media temp. instrument

Orchids on coffee media